- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE SENSORS - Montreal, QC, Canada (2019.10.27-2019.10.30)] 2019 IEEE SENSORS - Fast response hydrogel-based plasmonic sensor substrate for the detection of ethanol
摘要： Decades of heavy investment in laboratory-based brain imaging and neuroscience have led to foundational insights into how humans sense, perceive, and interact with the external world. However, it is argued that fundamental differences between laboratory-based and naturalistic human behavior may exist. Thus, it remains unclear how well the current knowledge of human brain function translates into the highly dynamic real world. While some demonstrated successes in real-world neurotechnologies are observed, particularly in the area of brain-computer interaction technologies, innovations and developments to date are limited to a small science and technology community. We posit that advancements in real-world neuroimaging tools for use by a broad-based workforce will dramatically enhance neurotechnology applications that have the potential to radically alter human–system interactions across all aspects of everyday life. We discuss the efforts of a joint government-academic-industry team to take an integrative, interdisciplinary, and multi-aspect approach to translate current technologies into devices that are truly ?eldable across a range of environments. Results from initial work, described here, show promise for dramatic advances in the ?eld that will rapidly enhance our ability to assess brain activity in real-world scenarios.
关键词： brain computer interfaces,data acquisition,biomarkers,translational research,brain computer interaction,monitoring,wearable sensors,body sensor networks,electroencephalography,Behavioral science
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences || Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging
摘要： In the field of archaeology (and heritage in general), many documentation and examination methods are based on imaging techniques that characterize and depict artifacts in a nondestructive and mechanically noninvasive way. Multi- and hyperspectral imaging (together denoted spectral imaging) are two possible forms of such noninvasive imaging. Both are based on the detection of reflected or emitted optical electromagnetic radiation, the latter being defined as electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 10 nm (0.01 μm) and 1 mm (1,000 μm). This detection can be better understood when considering that optical digital imaging usually generates a signal that is the outcome of a three-variable process: electromagnetic radiation of a radiation source falls onto the object; this radiation is partly absorbed, transmitted, and reflected by the object, with the interaction being wavelength dependent; and the imager detects and digitizes the incoming radiance in specific spectral regions. Spectral imaging extends traditional trichromatic digital camera approaches by capturing data in at least four different spectral bands, with hyperspectral imaging featuring higher spectral resolution and more contiguous spectra. Applications include archaeological prospection, color-accurate documentation, material identification, and enhancing the reading of old documents. Drawbacks involve data quantity, noise proneness, and reliance on specialized hardware and software, with future research focusing on active systems like multi-wavelength laser scanners.
关键词： multispectral imaging,archaeology,hyperspectral imaging,data cube,spectral signature,future research,drawbacks,electromagnetic radiation,noninvasive imaging,applications,spectral imaging,heritage
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Identification of Proteins Using Four Methods of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
摘要： An upper-division undergraduate- or graduate-level laboratory experiment, challenging students to identify bovine serum albumin, equine myoglobin, bovine calmodulin, and bovine cytochrome c, uses four methods of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): linear positive, in-source decay, peptide mass fingerprint, and postsource decay. Individual hands-on experience with each method is provided in a three week experiment. The importance of sequencing proteins/peptides when identifying proteomic targets using MALDI-TOF MS is emphasized.
关键词： Mass Spectrometry,Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives,Upper-Division Undergraduate,Laboratory Instruction,Graduate Education/Research,Bioanalytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Analytical Chemistry,Biochemistry
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE High Power Diode Lasers and Systems Conference (HPD) - Coventry, United Kingdom (2019.10.9-2019.10.10)] 2019 IEEE High Power Diode Lasers and Systems Conference (HPD) - Traveling-wave simulations of broad-area lasers
摘要： This paper provides an overview of the main features of several bibliometric indicators which were proposed in the last few decades. Their pros and cons are highlighted and compared with the features of the well-known impact factor (IF) to show how alternative metrics are specifically designed to address the flaws that the IF was shown to have, especially in the last few years. We also report the results of recent studies in the bibliometric literature showing how the scientific impact of journals as evaluated by bibliometrics is a very complicated matter and it is completely unrealistic to try to capture it by any single indicator, such as the IF or any other. As such, we conclude that the adoption of more metrics, with complementary features, to assess journal quality would be very beneficial as it would both offer a more comprehensive and balanced view of each journal in the space of scholarly publications, as well as eliminate the pressure on individuals and their incentive to do metric manipulation which is an unintended result of the current (mis)use of the IF as the gold standard for publication quality.
关键词： impact factor,popularity indicators,prestige indicators,Eigenfactor,research evaluation,journal ranking,Bibliometrics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Frontiers in Evolutionary Economics (Themenheft 2+3/Bd. 234(2014) Jahrbücher für National?konomie und Statistik) || Like Doktorvater, like Son? Tracing Role Model Learning in the Evolution of German Laser Research
摘要： We trace individual-level learning and knowledge transfer in public research by matching about 5,000 doctoral dissertations and their advisors over the full history of German laser research. We study the number of laser-related dissertations per advisor, publication and patent outputs of advisors and doctoral students, as well as the likelihood that former students started laser firms or attained professorships. Our results suggest a substantial relevance of non-codified knowledge and role model learning in public research. There is little evidence of pronounced barriers to entry into laser research.
关键词： role models,observational learning,doctoral dissertations,Open science,laser research
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Signal and noise analysis in resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy using fast Fourier transform
摘要： A simple method based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to analyze the signal and noise in resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy. Varying the sampling time, the photoacoustic signal and noise are analyzed using FFT method, and compared with lock-in amplifier method. A detection limit of 1 ppm of methane has been achieved in pure nitrogen using a 1653 nm laser with an average power of 3.6 mW.
关键词： climate control,research,gas absorption,methane,FFT,PAS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Studying the Role of Nonlinear Medium Thickness in the Characterization of 1.5-Cycle Pulses using XPW Dispersion Scan
摘要： This paper provides an overview of the main features of several bibliometric indicators which were proposed in the last few decades. Their pros and cons are highlighted and compared with the features of the well-known impact factor (IF) to show how alternative metrics are speci?cally designed to address the ?aws that the IF was shown to have, especially in the last few years. We also report the results of recent studies in the bibliometric literature showing how the scienti?c impact of journals as evaluated by bibliometrics is a very complicated matter and it is completely unrealistic to try to capture it by any single indicator, such as the IF or any other. As such, we conclude that the adoption of more metrics, with complementary features, to assess journal quality would be very bene?cial as it would both offer a more comprehensive and balanced view of each journal in the space of scholarly publications, as well as eliminate the pressure on individuals and their incentive to do metric manipulation which is an unintended result of the current (mis)use of the IF as the gold standard for publication quality.
关键词： impact factor,popularity indicators,prestige indicators,Eigenfactor,research evaluation,journal ranking,Bibliometrics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Lasers in Spine Surgery
摘要： Laser spine surgery has been a focus of intense interest in the lay press and among patients. On the Internet, a host of purported benefits to laser surgery exists. Lasers have long been used in pain management procedures such as percutaneous diskectomy. However, a few published articles are available on lasers in conventional spine surgery. From our review of the literature, the purported advantages of lasers, such as reduced inflammation and degeneration, are not been supported by preclinical research. The available clinical studies do not show a notable advantage for laser surgery. Moreover, the low enrollment, nonblinded, retrospective studies that are available are heavily subject to bias. The documented advantages of laser spine surgery described in the research studies are not consistent with the public’s impression of its purported benefits. Furthermore, laser-specific complications are present about which patients should be informed. On the basis of the current research, we conclude that lasers add distinct potential complications without any corresponding clinical benefit. Because of the public interest, we feel that this is an important topic for the general orthopaedic community.
关键词： Complications,Percutaneous diskectomy,Clinical studies,Preclinical research,Laser spine surgery
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dynamic feed-in tariff pricing model of distributed photovoltaic generation in China
摘要： Because China's long-term constant photovoltaic (PV) feed-in tariff policy has not been able to adapt to the decline in the cost of PV equipment, and too broad regional pricing will hinder the development of distributed photovoltaic generation (DPVG) to some extent. Therefore, this paper will re-evaluate China's solar resource endowments into five regions, and based on the accounting cost method, combine the learning curve of PV equipment to accurately measure the dynamic unit generation cost of distributed PV. In addition, considering the reasonable returns to investors and tax factors, this study has obtained a dynamic feed-in tariff model for DPVG. A case study based on the model shows that the results of feed-in tariff is reasonable and effective, and the government should adjust the feed-in tariff more frequently according to the feed-in tariff pricing model in this study.
关键词： distributed photovoltaic,research investment,installed capacity,feed-in tariff,learning curve
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A regimen to minimize pain during blue light photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses: Bilaterally controlled, randomized trial of simultaneous versus conventional illumination
摘要： Background: Blue light photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective for actinic keratosis (AK), but many patients experience stinging pain during illumination. Objective: Compare a conventional regimen (1 h ALA preincubation, followed by blue light), to a new modified regimen in which blue light is started immediately after ALA application. Methods: A clinical trial with a bilaterally controlled, intrapatient study design was conducted in 23 patients. Topical 20% ALA was applied to the entire face and/or scalp. On one side of the body, blue light was started immediately and continued for either 30, 45, or 60 min (“simultaneous PDT”). On the contralateral side, blue light began 1 h after ALA application and lasted 1000 sec (“conventional PDT”). Pain was evaluated on a 0-10 scale. AK lesion counts were determined by clinical exam and photography. Results: All patients experienced significantly less pain during simultaneous illumination than during the conventional regimen. At 3 months post-treatment, lesion clearance was nearly identical on the two sides, as determined by statistical testing of non-inferiority ± 15% margin. Limitations: Although bilaterally controlled, the study was relatively small. Additional studies are recommended. Conclusion: The modified PDT regimen is essentially painless, yet provides treatment efficacy similar to a conventional regimen.
关键词： skin cancer,phototherapy,therapeutics,oncology,clinical research
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22