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- 实验方案
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Technical note: Coupling infrared gas analysis and cavity ring down spectroscopy for autonomous, high-temporal-resolution measurements of DIC and <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C–DIC
摘要： A new approach to autonomously determine concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C–DIC) at high temporal resolution is presented. The simple method requires no customised design. Instead it uses two commercially available instruments currently used in aquatic carbon research. An inorganic carbon analyser utilising non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR) is coupled to a Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS) to determine DIC and δ13C–DIC based on the liberated CO2 from acidi?ed aliquots of water. Using a small sample volume of 2 mL, the precision and accuracy of the new method was comparable to standard isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) methods. The system achieved a sampling resolution of 16 min, with a DIC precision of ±1.5 to 2 μmol kg?1 and δ13C–DIC precision of ±0.14 ‰ for concentrations spanning 1000 to 3600 μmol kg?1. Accuracy of 0.1 ± 0.06 ‰ for δ13C–DIC based on DIC concentrations ranging from 2000 to 2230 μmol kg?1 was achieved during a laboratory-based algal bloom experiment. The high precision data that can be autonomously obtained by the system should enable complex carbonate system questions to be explored in aquatic sciences using high-temporal-resolution observations.
关键词： aquatic carbon research,carbon stable isotope ratio,autonomous measurement,high temporal resolution,dissolved inorganic carbon
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - Atlanta, GA (2017.10.21-2017.10.28)] 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - SIRF: Synergistic Image Reconstruction Framework
摘要： The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging opens the way to more accurate diagnosis and improved patient management. At present, the data acquired by PET and MR scanners are essentially processed separately, and the search for ways to improve accuracy of the tomographic reconstruction via synergy of the two imaging techniques is an active area of research. The aim of the collaborative computational project on PET and MR (CCP-PETMR), supported by the UK engineering and physical sciences research council (EPSRC), is to accelerate research in synergistic PET-MR image reconstruction by providing an open access software platform for efficient implementation and validation of novel reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we present the first release of the Synergistic Image Reconstruction Framework (SIRF) software suite from the CCP-PETMR. SIRF provides user-friendly Python and MATLAB interfaces to advanced PET and MR reconstruction packages written in C++ (currently this uses STIR, Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction, for PET and Gadgetron for MR, but SIRF will be able to link to other reconstruction engines in the future as appropriate). The software is capable of reconstructing images from real scanner data. Both of the available integrated clinical PET-MR systems (Siemens and GE) are being targeted, and a suitable data format exchange is being negotiated with the manufacturers.
关键词： Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Research Software Engineering,Scientific Programming,Positron Emission Tomography
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Closing the gap between camera trap software development and the user community
摘要： Like many technological advances in the modern era, camera traps present both an exciting opportunity and a host of unforeseen challenges. One critical challenge is processing the large numbers of images/videos from camera traps efficiently and accurately such that resultant data can be analysed, stored and shared with others. Recognising this need, several biologist teams have developed software to meet their own project requirements, but no one package has been developed to meet the diverse array of requirements of the global research community. We combined an online user survey (N = 67) and literature review to create a list of 42 desired features in five categories. We tested six freely available specialist camera trap software and three nonspecialist image viewer software packages against these criteria. Users were most interested in data processing efficiency and automation features (37 of 84 requests). Seven user‐requested features were not available in any of the software we tested. Thirty‐two unique requests indicated the importance of software flexibility, contrasting with growing calls for standardization in the literature. We suggest involving the global user community, current software developers and computer scientists in an inclusive, planned approach to addressing arguably the greatest challenge facing camera trap‐based research today.
关键词： wildlife research,biodiversity monitoring,camera trap,conservation technology,data processing software
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Abrupt Change in Forest Height along a Tropical Elevation Gradient Detected Using Airborne Lidar
摘要： Most research on vegetation in mountain ranges focuses on elevation gradients as climate gradients, but elevation gradients are also the result of geological processes that build and deconstruct mountains. Recent ?ndings from the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, have raised questions about whether erosion rates that vary due to past tectonic events and are spatially patterned in relation to elevation may drive vegetation patterns along elevation gradients. Here we use airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to observe forest height over the Luquillo Mountain Range. We show that models with different functional forms for the two prominent bedrock types best describe the forest height-elevation patterns. On one bedrock type there are abrupt decreases in forest height with elevation approximated by a sigmoidal function, with the in?ection point near the elevation of where other studies have shown there to be a sharp change in erosion rates triggered by a tectonic uplift event that began approximately 4.2 My ago. Our ?ndings are consistent with broad geologically mediated vegetation patterns along the elevation gradient, consistent with a role for mountain building and deconstructing processes.
关键词： long-term ecological research,geology,critical zone observatory,three-dimensional structure,vegetation,10Be,erosion,active remote sensing,tectonics,ecology
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for the life sciences
摘要： The development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy, for which the Nobel Prize was awarded in 2014, has been a topic of interest to physicists and biologists alike. It is inevitable that numerous questions in biomedical research cannot be answered by means other than direct observation. In this review, advances to fluorescence microscopy are covered in a widely accessible fashion to facilitate its use in decisions related to its acquisition and utilization in biomedical research.
关键词： Nobel Prize,direct observation,fluorescence microscopy,super-resolution,biomedical research
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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New developments in ICM: Image configuration method
摘要： The purpose of this paper is to present the latest format of the Image Configuration Method, created to ensure through proper management, sustainability of organizational reputation as well of its brands and products image. ICM is a method to constantly monitor organization, brand and product image, which reflects on management and communication planning for each year. The method detects problems and opportunities for an organization’s image, helping to sustain and develop a good reputation. It has been theoretically developed and empirically tested since 1998, both in academic research and in management consulting.
关键词： image research,Image configuration,image management,image configuration method (ICM)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Exporting Diabetic Retinopathy Images from VA VistA Imaging for Research
摘要： The US Department of Veterans Affairs has been acquiring store and forward digital diabetic retinopathy surveillance retinal fundus images for remote reading since 2007. There are 900+ retinal cameras at 756 acquisition sites. These images are manually read remotely at 134 sites. A total of 2.1 million studies have been performed in the teleretinal imaging program. The human workload for reading images is rapidly growing. It would be ideal to develop an automated computer algorithm that detects multiple eye diseases as this would help standardize interpretations and improve efficiency of the image readers. Deep learning algorithms for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs have been developed and there are needs for additional image data to validate this work. To further this research, the Atlanta VA Health Care System (VAHCS) has extracted 112,000 DICOM diabetic retinopathy surveillance images (13,000 studies) that can be subsequently used for the validation of automated algorithms. An extensive amount of associated clinical information was added to the DICOM header of each exported image to facilitate correlation of the image with the patient’s medical condition. The clinical information was saved as a JSON object and stored in a single Unlimited Text (VR = UT) DICOM data element. This paper describes the methodology used for this project and the results of applying this methodology.
关键词： VistA,Image retrieval for research,DICOM,Retinal imaging,JSON,Diabetic retinopathy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Developing nations must lead in solar geoengineering
摘要： Developing countries must lead research into solar geoengineering and not rely on studies being carried out in Europe and North America. That is the view of 12 prominent scientists who argue that the “global south” is most vulnerable to climate change and has the most to gain or lose from geoengineering. These countries should therefore drive efforts to understand the technology and discussions around its use.
关键词： global south,SRM,solar geoengineering,research,climate change
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Editorial: fNIRS in Psychological Research: Functional Neuroimaging Beyond Conventional Fields
摘要： The recent development of functional neuroimaging methods has revolutionized the way we elucidate psychological processes: Rather than understanding them as hypothetical concepts, we can now explore their neural bases and attribute them to functional areas or networks of the brain. Thus far, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been the driving force of neuroimaging studies with its powerful visualization of brain functions together with structures. However, it also has technical limitations: Measurements can only be performed in unnatural, restricted conditions in a closed scanner, and thus its application in developmental and clinical studies has been limited. On the other hand, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical neuroimaging method for measuring cortical hemodynamics, offers compact and portable instruments with low running costs, allowing various psychological experiments and measurements to be conducted in relatively unrestricted and natural environments. Owing to such features, fNIRS has been employed in a wide range of psychological applications, which are beyond the reach of conventional neuroimaging devices, including examination of infant cognitive development, visualization of neural bases for neuropsychological evaluation, and diagnostic, neuropharmacological, and neurofeedback assessment of developmental disorders. In short, fNIRS is expanding the horizon of psychological research by uncovering the neural bases of psychological states and processes of the human brain.
关键词： fNIRS,functional neuroimaging,neurofeedback,cortical hemodynamics,psychological research
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[ACS Symposium Series] Raman Spectroscopy in the Undergraduate Curriculum Volume 1305 || Integration of Raman Spectroscopy in Undergraduate Instruction and Research at Pace University
摘要： The integration of Raman spectroscopy into undergraduate instruction and research at Pace University is discussed in this chapter. This includes the introduction of the principle of Raman instrumentation, first by theory through the use of Gaussian calculations and interpretation of readily available spectra and then using the instrument after the acquisition of a B&W Tek Miniram in 2012. The availability of the instrument allows students to expand their research in sol-gel, ionic liquid, pharmaceuticals, and biodiesel. The development of simple experiments to incorporate into laboratory classes and side-by-side comparisons of experimental results and theoretical calculations are also presented. The challenges and successes of having this instrument in our teaching facility are also described.
关键词： undergraduate instruction,ionic liquid,research,Raman spectroscopy,pharmaceuticals,sol-gel,B&W Tek Miniram,biodiesel,Pace University
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14