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Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) With Silver Nano Substrates Synthesized by Microwave for Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
摘要： Rapid and sensitive methods have been developed to detect foodborne pathogens, a development that is important for food safety. The aim of this study is to explore Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with silver nano substrates to detect and identify the following three foodborne pathogens: Escherichia coli O157: H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. All the cells were resuspended with 10 mL silver colloidal nanoparticles, making a concentration of 107 CFU/mL, and were then exposed to 785 nm laser excitation. In this study, the results showed that all the bacteria can be sensitively and reproducibly detected directly by SERS. The distinctive differences can be observed in the SERS spectral data of the three food-borne pathogens, and the silver colloidal nanoparticles can be used as highly sensitive SERS-active substrates. In addition, the assay time required only a few minutes, which indicated that SERS coupled with the silver colloidal nanoparticles is a promising method for the detection and characterization of food-borne pathogens. At the same time, principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) made the different bacterial strains clearly differentiated based on the barcode spectral data reduction. Therefore, the SERS methods hold great promise for the detection and identification of food-borne pathogens and even for applications in food safety.
关键词： silver nanoparticles,rapid detection,food safety,Surface-enhanced Raman scattering,foodborne pathogens,bioanalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Thermal Mapping of a Lithium Polymer Batteries Pack with FBGs Network
摘要： In this paper, a network of 37 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is proposed for real-time, in situ, and operando multipoint monitoring of the surface temperature distribution on a pack of three prismatic lithium polymer batteries (LiPBs). Using the network, a spatial and temporal thermal mapping of all pack interfaces was performed. In each interface, nine strategic locations were monitored by considering a three-by-three matrix, corresponding to the LiPBs top, middle and bottom zones. The batteries were subjected to charge and discharge cycles, where the charge was carried out at 1.0 C, whereas the discharge rates were 0.7 C and 1.4 C. The results show that in general, a thermal gradient is recognized from the top to the bottom, but is less prominent in the end-of-charge steps. The results also indicate the presence of hot spots between two of the three batteries, which were located near the positive tab collector. This occurs due to the higher current density of the lithium ions in this area. The presented FBG sensing network can be used to improve the thermal management of batteries by performing a spatiotemporal thermal mapping, as well as by identifying the zones which are more conducive to the possibility of the existence of hot spots, thereby preventing severe consequences such as thermal runaway and promoting their safety. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a spatial and temporal thermal mapping is reported for this specific application using a network of FBG sensors.
关键词： in situ monitoring,lithium polymer batteries pack,FBGs network,safety,thermal mapping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Global Perspective for Sustainable Highway Tunnel Lighting Regulations: Greater Road Safety with a Lower Environmental Impact
摘要： Tunnel lighting installations function 24 h a day, 365 days a year. These infrastructures have increased exponentially and now connect quite distant locations, even on different continents. This has led European administrations and international regulatory bodies to establish regulations for tunnel safety with the lowest environmental impact. However, until now, these regulations have almost exclusively focused on traffic safety, and relegated sustainability to the background. Even though they recognize the need to reduce energy consumption, they do not propose any tools for doing so. Given the impact of these installations and the lack of a specific regulatory framework, Asian countries will soon be forced either to update previous standards for tunnel lighting or elaborate new ones. A better understanding of the weaknesses of European regulations combined with a willingness to embrace innovation could position Asia as a world leader in the regulation of more sustainable road tunnels. The objective of this research was to improve the sustainability of tunnel lighting installations through new regulations or amendments to existing ones, without impairing the mental well-being of users, who could potentially be affected by energy-saving measures. Accordingly, this paper presents and analyzes a broad proposal for formulating tunnel lighting regulations. The originality of this proposal lies in the fact that it integrates road safety, lower environmental impact, and user well-being. Furthermore, it is expected to broaden the perspective of regulatory bodies and public administrations with regard to tunnel installations, which would ultimately enhance their sustainability.
关键词： driver well-being,sustainability,public perception,tunnel safety,environmental impacts
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Imaging Considerations in Pregnancy
摘要： Pregnancy is a complex interplay of multiple physiologic states maintaining balance between the needs of mother and fetus. This is reflected in hormonal, hemodynamic, hematologic, and immunologic changes at both global and cellular levels. A decrease in brain size and increase in heart, pituitary, thyroid, and kidney sizes secondary to hormonal influences have been observed during pregnancy.1,2 Circulating hormones also have trophic effect on preexisting neoplasms, such as meningioma, pituitary adenomas, and breast carcinoma.3 The increased blood volume and clotting factor alterations increase the risk of stroke, especially during the peripartum and postpartum period.4,5 Hemodynamic and hormonal effects on vessel wall integrity can lead to worsening of aneurysm with possible hemorrhage, whereas prolonged labor may increase risk of infarct from venous thrombosis or dissection.6,7 In contrast, increased cortisol levels have shown to improve autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis by exerting inhibitory effect on T-cell function8–10
关键词： Radiation safety,Pregnancy,Imaging,RCVS,Stroke,PRES,Eclampsia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Characterization and application of cerium bromide spectrometers for analysis of γ-ray emitting radionuclides in food matrices
摘要： Cerium bromide (CeBr3) scintillators are useful room temperature gamma-ray detectors that provide the robustness of a scintillator with improved resolution over traditional sodium iodide (NaI) detectors. This makes them attractive for field deployment or emergency response operations especially when combined with the power of Monte-Carlo based efficiency determinations. This work documents the characterization of CeBr3 detectors and the efficiency determination of a portable CeBr3 detector based gamma-ray detection system for food measurements.
关键词： Gamma-ray measurement,Cerium bromide,Efficiency calculation,Food safety
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC?? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18a??21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Optical hazard assessment of 6W extended laser source using laser safety (60825) and lamp safety (62471) guidelines
摘要： Laser and LED light sources are nowadays being deployed in a wide-ranging number of illumination applications where high levels of irradiance are required at the target site. The optical hazard assessment route will usually follow a laser or lamp related assessment as appropriate. However, for the case of an extended laser source it is possible to apply a radiance analysis methodology via both the laser and LED standards. This paper describes the assessment of an extended 6W laser source used for forensic science investigations where there was a desire to avoid engineering safety controls commensurate with a Class 4 laser, and to allow the laser to be used in the field in a manner akin to an inspection lamp. Accordingly, there was a desire to determine the optical hazard distance posed by the extended laser source to support the risk assessment for field use. By following the assessment methodologies defined in the laser (60825) and lamp (62471) standards [1, 2] it is possible to derive a useful double-check on the hazard assessment outcome using a methodology which is highly instructive to the optical radiation safety adviser. The steps required for the dual assessment approach will be clearly described and reviewed in this paper to clarify the process and highlight a potential for a convergence of the laser and lamp safety standards in terms of extended source characterization and applications-based risk assessment.
关键词： lamp safety,laser safety,extended laser source,radiance analysis,optical hazard assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Perioperative Safety and Efficacy of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate in Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
摘要： We investigated the efficacy of and risk from holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) due to discontinuation of antithrombotics in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients in the prospective SNUH-BPH Database Registry who underwent HoLEP between December 2010 and December 2017 were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation included symptom score questionnaires, laboratory tests, urine tests, prostate-specific antigens, urodynamic study, and transrectal ultrasonography. Postoperative evaluation was performed at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Information regarding the types of antithrombotics and their use, underlying disease, and antithrombotic management during surgery was collected. The study included 55 patients. The mean age and preoperative prostate volume were 68.7 ± 6.4 years and 70.3 ± 32.2 mL, respectively. The mean preoperative hemoglobin level was 13.5 ± 2.6 g/dL in the patients receiving antithrombotics. Of the patients, 71% were taking aspirin. Seventy-five (66.5%) and 70 patients (28.2%) discontinued the antithrombotic therapy 5–7 days and <1 week preoperatively, respectively. Three patients (1.21%) were switched to low-molecular-weight heparin therapy, and 10 (4.03%) continued antithrombotic therapy. No significant differences were found in the incidence rates of postoperative transfusion (p = 0.894) or complications from antithrombotic use, thrombosis (p = 0.946), haemorrhage requiring bladder irrigation (p = 0.959), transurethral coagulation (p = 0.894), cardiovascular events (p = 0.845), and cerebrovascular events (p = 0.848). Efficacy and complications related to the short-term antithrombotic withdrawal before and after HoLEP also showed no significant differences. HoLEP may be a beneficial surgical technique for patients with BPH who are receiving antithrombotics.
关键词： Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia,Perioperative Safety,Antithrombotic Therapy,Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate,Efficacy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Immunosensors for Rapid and Label-Free Monitoring of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> in Chicken Broth
摘要： Food-borne illnesses are a growing concern for the food industry and consumers, with millions of cases reported every year. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive techniques for pathogen detection in order to mitigate this problem. However, current pathogen detection strategies mainly include time-consuming laboratory methods and highly trained personnel. Electrochemical biosensors offer a rapid, low-cost alternative to laboratory techniques, but the electrodes used in these biosensors require expensive nanomaterials to increase their sensitivity, such as noble metals (e.g., platinum, gold) or carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, or graphene). Herein, we report the fabrication of a highly sensitive and label-free laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode that is subsequently functionalized with antibodies to electrochemically quantify the food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The LIG electrodes were produced by laser induction on the polyimide film in ambient conditions and, hence, circumvent the need for high-temperature, vacuum environment, and metal seed catalysts commonly associated with graphene-based electrodes fabricated via chemical vapor deposition processes. After functionalization with Salmonella antibodies, the LIG biosensors were able to detect live Salmonella in chicken broth across a wide linear range (25 to 105 CFU mL?1) and with a low detection limit (13 ± 7 CFU mL?1; n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). These results were acquired with an average response time of 22 min without the need for sample preconcentration or redox labeling techniques. Moreover, these LIG immunosensors displayed high selectivity as demonstrated by nonsignificant response to other bacteria strains. These results demonstrate how LIG-based electrodes can be used for electrochemical immunosensing in general and, more specifically, could be used as a viable option for rapid and low-cost pathogen detection in food processing facilities before contaminated foods reach the consumer.
关键词： biosensor,foodborne pathogens,graphene,food safety,Salmonella Typhimurium,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC?? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18a??21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Eye safety evaluation of laser systems based on damage calculations
摘要： The increasing complexity of laser systems, e.g. LiDAR systems and medical devices, which combine scanned and pulsed light sources, complicates their evaluation in compliance with the current laser safety standard. In addition, the safety standard is becoming increasingly more complex and requires thorough background knowledge. We propose a tool that evaluates ocular safety of laser systems based on damage modelling. Therefore ray tracing software, which takes into account the specific optical design, is combined with damage predictions e.g. based on the Arrhenius integral in the case of thermal damage. The potential for adopting this easy-to-use software package as an alternative to the laser safety standard is discussed. For a complete hazard evaluation, we aim to include damage modelling in the photochemical, thermomechanical and photomechanical regimes. This approach might be particularly attractive for manufacturers to improve their products optical design in terms of eye safety.
关键词： retinal damage,laser safety evaluation,damage threshold
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Review of Some New Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguides
摘要： The new culture of networked systems that offer everywhere accessible services has given rise to various types of security tradeoffs. In fact, with the evolution of physical systems that keep getting integrated with cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more critical effects as they get re?ected on the physical environment. As a result, the issue of security of cyber physical systems requires a special holistic treatment. In this paper, we study the tradeoff between security, safety, and availability in such systems and demonstrate these concepts on implantable medical devices as a case study. We discuss the challenges and constraints associated with securing such systems and focus on the tradeoff between security measures required for blocking unauthorized access to the device and the safety of the patient in emergency situations where such measures must be dropped to allow access. We analyze the up to date proposed solutions and discuss their strengths and limitations.
关键词： implantable medical devices,security vs. safety,cyber physical systems,Access control
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01