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Dental lasers: principles and practice of safety
摘要： Lasers have great potential to improve treatment and are being increasingly used in dentistry. Patients, practice staff and visitors need to be protected from their potentially harmful effects on the skin and eyes, so dental staff need to understand and apply safety principles.
关键词： risk assessment,safety principles,Dental lasers,protective eyewear,skin and eye protection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Rapid detection of building cracks based on image processing technology with double square artificial marks
摘要： In order to measure the crack width of dangerous buildings quickly and accurately, this article presents a new crack width measurement method, which is based on image processing technology, using double square artificial markers to identify building cracks and calculate crack width. It makes two 10 mm 3 10 mm black square artificial marks and places them near the sides of the crack. Then it uses a camera to collect crack images and transfer photos to a computer. The crack image is subjected to image graying, binarization, denoising, image segmentation, and pixel calibration based on the image processing technique. Finally, the actual length value of the unit pixel is calculated. Then it can calculate the actual width of the crack according to the number of pixels included in the test crack. The calculation results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 98.56% compared with the measured data. The calculation method can accurately and effectively detect the crack width of dangerous buildings and improve work efficiency. At the same time, it can avoid long hours of work in dangerous operating environments.
关键词： building cracks,digital image processing,safety,MATLAB,double square artificial marks,crack width
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enlightening Possibilities: Plastics Expand Role in Vehicle Lighting Applications
摘要： Automotive lighting is something that few people spend much time thinking about—that is until something stops working or someone’s eyes are blasted by another car’s high beams at night. While lighting is rarely the reason people buy cars, it plays an important safety role in all personal and commercial vehicles—both in terms of making a vehicle more visible to humans and animals as well as improving a driver’s ability to see potential problems in the vehicle’s path. Not surprisingly, plastics play an important role in these applications and, in fact, are being used for visual branding on many passenger vehicles. Nominations for the SPE Automotive Innovation Awards Competition—organized by the SPE Automotive Division—show just how innovative lighting has become for increasing occupant comfort and safety, adding functionality, and making vehicles memorable to consumers.
关键词： PC,Safety,Automotive lighting,Plastics,LED,PMMA,Visual branding,LCP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Safety evaluation of fractional CO2 laser treatment in post-menopausal women with vaginal atrophy: A prospective observational study
摘要： Objectives: To evaluate the safety of and patient satisfaction with fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal patients. Study design: Patients affected by VVA were considered for the study. All women were treated using a Lumenis AcuPulse DUO (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel) in fractionated mode with a 28 mm probe, FemTouch?. Pain during different steps of the procedure (introduction, rotation and extraction of probe and laser impulse transmission) was evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale. The occurrence of side-effects was evaluated at the end of the procedure, and in the three-month follow-up (after the last treatment) complications were classified as ‘early’ (occurring within 30 days) or late (after 30 days). Participant satisfaction was measured on a 7-point Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 7= strongly agree). The institutional review board approved the study protocol. Results: Fifty-three women were enrolled in the study. No severe complications occurred after a median follow-up of six months. One patient (1.9 %) reported dizziness immediately after treatment, which completely resolved within 15 min. A minor bleeding occurred related to tip introduction and rotation. One patient (1.9 %) aborted the procedure because of discomfort on probe introduction but decided to repeat the procedure after two weeks. Two patients (3.7 %) reported symptoms of dysuria within 7 days of the procedure. The mean overall pain score at first treatment, evaluated on the 7-point Likert scale, was 3.57 ± 1.50. The mean pain scores related to probe introduction and rotation were 3.13 ± 1.37 and 2.32 ± 1.08, whereas pain scores for extraction and laser impulse transmission were 1.23 ± 0.27 and 1.13 ± 0.37 respectively. Mean overall pain score (1.27; CI 95 % 0.83–1.71, p < 0.001) and pain scores related to probe introduction (0.54; CI 95 % 0.18–0.90, p = 0.001) and probe rotation (0.46; CI 95 % 0.12–0.90, p = 0.003) all statistically significantly decreased between the first and third treatment (Fig. 1). Mean pain scores related to laser activation (0.01; CI 95 % ?0.06 – 0.20, p = 0.07) and extraction (0.08; CI 95 % ?0.04–0.19, p = 0.31) did not change over the course of treatment. Overall, patient satisfaction with the procedure was high: 89.7 % of patients would highly (value 5–7) recommend the procedure and 94.9 % would be ready to repeat the procedure to maintain results. Discomfort related to treatment was lower than expected for 41 % of patients (value 5–7) and as expected for 48.7 % (value 3–4). Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser for treatment of VVA seems a safe therapeutic option. No severe complications occurred. A minority of patients reported mild complications, but these resolved without the need for treatment. Most discomfort was related to probe introduction and rotation. Overall, patients were highly satisfied, and they would repeat laser treatment.
关键词： Fractional CO2 laser,Dyspareunia,Menopause,Laser safety,Vulvovaginal atrophy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Online fire protection technology based on fiber optic gas sensor
摘要： In recent years, the production safety has been paid by a lot of attention. Although the total number of accidents in production safety has shown a downward trend, the serious accidents occur frequently and seriously. The prediction and early warning of spontaneous combustion in coal mines mainly adopts the method of gas index analysis and prediction. The traditional trace gas detection equipment used in spontaneous combustion is mainly chromatographic analysis system, which has some problems such as complicated equipment, complicated operation, slow analysis speed and inability to realize on-line monitoring. The main purpose of this study is to develop a fire risk distribution determination system based on multi-sensor information fusion technology, which is aimed at assisting fire monitoring, fire emergency management, and fire rescue. After using the information from different sensors, the system can give an effective alarm to the fire and can provide the danger degree distribution information of different areas in the building. Based on the development status of fire safety, especially the demand of fire safety for gas detection technology, the tunable laser spectroscopy technology is proposed to solve the demand problem of gas sensing products urgently needed for major fire disasters.
关键词： Optical Fiber,Fire Safety,Optical Fiber Methane Sensor,Multicomponent Gas Detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Development and Validation of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Specific Detection of Porcine Serum Albumin in Food
摘要： Food allergies are a potential food safety and public health concern worldwide. To assure the safety of people who experience allergic reactions, it is necessary to establish effective and reliable methods for rapid detection of food allergens. This paper reports an innovative method for the rapid detection and analysis of porcine serum albumin (PSA), known as a major allergen in pork, based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The antibodies known to have a high bioactivity against PSA were verified by competitive indirect-ELISA and then immobilized on the SPR sensor surface, thus allowing them to capture PSA. The developed SPR demonstrated a linear range from 1.0 to 450 ng/mL for the measurement of PSA with a detection limit of 19.81 ng/mL. Within-day RSD (1.97–4.02%) and between-day RSD (1.88–4.15%) were no more than 5%. The SPR was evaluated for analysis of six commercial food samples and showed almost perfect agreement between the results obtained by ELISA test kits without significant differences (P > 0.05). Therefore, this assay permits accurate, specific, and sensitive detection of PSA in pork and pork products.
关键词： food safety,detection,SPR biosensor,food allergies,porcine serum albumin
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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State-of-the-Art of Studies of the Effect of Terahertz Radiation on Living Biological Systems
摘要： The appearance of modern sources and detectors of terahertz radiation (1011–1013 Hz) stimulated the rapid development of practical applications for radiation in this frequency range. Therefore, the question of the safety of terahertz radiation for living objects was sharply raised. In this review, we present an analysis of research on this issue published from 2010 to the present. A brief description of the most significant works performed before 2010 is given. Particular attention is paid to the sources of terahertz radiation used in the studies and the results of experimental work on the study of possible bioeffects when such radiation is applied to both individual cell lines and microorganisms and animals generally.
关键词： cell lines,biological systems,bioeffects,safety,animals,terahertz radiation,microorganisms
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Semiconductor α-Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> Hematite Fabricated Electrode for Sensitive Detection of Phenolic Pollutants
摘要： Hematite (α-Fe2O3) semiconductor is an abundant and non-toxic catalyst for different (photo)electrochemical reactions. In this work, a selective p-nitrophenol sensor was developed by fabricating a thin-layer of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with 5% nafion coating binders onto α-Fe2O3 thin film synthesized by a simple and inexpensive process. High sensitivity including long-term stability, and enhanced linear dynamic range, electrochemical performance towards p-nitrophenol were achieved by a reliable current-voltage method. A linear calibration curve was observed over a wide range of p-nitrophenol concentrations. Very low detection limit (0.6 ? 0.02 nM), good limit of quantification (2.0 nM) and high sensor sensitivity (K = 74.1 μA?cm(cid:0) 2) are calculated based on noise to signal ratio of ～ 3 N/S. Very importantly, the detection range covers over 7 orders of magnitude concentrations, from nM to mM. Figures of merits are comparable with best reported results whilst using a very simple device configuration. We show that hematite is an excellent material for the development of chemical sensors to detect hazardous compounds for environmental safety in a broad scale of concentrations.
关键词： Environmental safety,Sensitivity,p-Nitrophenol sensor,Hematite α-Fe2O3,Glassy carbon electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Review on Carbon Dots in Food Safety Applications
摘要： As a new class of promising fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have been well developed in recent years for their excellent fluorescent properties, simple synthetic approaches, good biocompatibility and various detection applications, which can be expected to replace the tradition semi-quantum dots. This review aims presents the current progress in the development of CDs with an emphasis on fluorescent properties, synthetic approaches and applications in food safety. First, the fluorescent properties of CDs are briefly introduced. To seek more reasonable synthetic approaches, the characteristics of the diverse methods of CD synthesis are summarized. And then, applications of CDs as fluorescent probes in food safety are discussed, with emphasis on the determination of metal ions/anions, pesticides, veterinary drugs, bacteria, functional components and banned additives. Finally, the challenges, such as how to explain the diversity of fluorescent properties, and how to form a uniform synthesis procedure to improve the quantum yield (QY), for CDs are presented. Although CDs have found many applications in food safety, it is still a challenge to detect a specific target in complex samples. Therefore, combination with other biochemistry technology to exploit novel ligands against the specific target with high binding affinity and selectivity is vitally important for developing sensitive and specific sensing probes in the future.
关键词： carbon dots,sensors,fluorescent properties,food safety
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC?? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18a??21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Safety issues concerning technical realization and usage of a mobile laser rescue device
摘要： Safety aspects are essential for modular, mobile laser cutting, specially designated for complex rescue operations. The development described here was inspired by the enhanced performance requirements of equipment for complex technical rescue operations, resulting from the increased strengths of materials actually used e.g. in vehicles to improve the overall safety. The new laser rescue tool shall be an alternative to conventional rescue systems such as hydraulic shears. Based on a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 2.5 kW and a specially developed hand-held laser processing head, adaptable to different drive units, a first integrated demonstrator has been set up to investigate performance and practicality in the course of selected rescue situations. The main challenge is to realize cutting of multilayer structures containing various materials, taking into account harsh outdoor conditions. To ensure laser safety concerning all people at the scene of an accident, i.e. injured persons, rescue teams, police officers, onlookers, etc., several technical safety functions are implemented. Furthermore, laser-protective goggles, beam dumps and laser-protective curtains are relevant protection components for the local and peripheral laser safety. The rescue operations are to be supported by a safety officer who has to ensure that all protective measures are taken.
关键词： safety aspects,mobile laser cutting,laser rescue device,complex rescue operations,laser safety
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57