- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering || Body and Lighting ECU (Key-less Entry, Sonar, HID, LED Usage for Lamps)
摘要： The purpose of body controls is to improve aspects of vehicle performance, such as comfort, usability, safety, theft prevention, serviceability, and the like. This is accomplished by controlling the output of motors, lamps, and the like, based on inputs mainly from switches and sensors. Table 1 lists some examples of products and functions that aim to improve these aspects of performance. Many of these body control products are designed to enhance the perceived value of the vehicle and to create an appealing impression to the user. For this reason, these controls were conventionally installed mainly in luxury vehicles. In recent years, however, technological innovations have reduced costs to the level where more and more have become available in mass-market vehicles.
关键词： Body controls,switches,safety,theft prevention,usability,vehicle performance,comfort,sensors,serviceability,lamps,motors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Rapid screening of rhodamine B in food by hydrogel solid-phase extraction coupled with direct fluorescence detection
摘要： Rhodamine B (RhB), which is vividly colored, although illegal and potentially carcinogenic, has been reported widely as present in various foods, including chili powder, preserved plums, sausage and sweets, presenting a significant health risk. In this work, solid-phase extraction (SPE), coupled with direct fluorescence detection on the same extraction medium, is proposed for rapid onsite screening for RhB in food without sample pretreatment. Parameters that affected extraction of RhB were explored. The lowest amount of RhB, detected on glass, was 2 ng and the lowest detectable concentration in food samples was 0.5 mg/kg, as verified by HPLC. The analysis time was less than 5 min, including sampling. In addition, the recovery rate of this method was found to be triple of that from the cotton gauze reported in literature. The proposed method has promise as a rapid, onsite screening protocol for food safety.
关键词： Solid-phase extraction,Fluorescence,Food safety screening,PVA hydrogel,Rhodamine B
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe) - Genova, Italy (2019.9.3-2019.9.5)] 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe) - DC Capacitance Reduction in Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters by using Virtual Impedance Emulation
摘要： The new culture of networked systems that offer everywhere accessible services has given rise to various types of security tradeoffs. In fact, with the evolution of physical systems that keep getting integrated with cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more critical effects as they get re?ected on the physical environment. As a result, the issue of security of cyber physical systems requires a special holistic treatment. In this paper, we study the tradeoff between security, safety, and availability in such systems and demonstrate these concepts on implantable medical devices as a case study. We discuss the challenges and constraints associated with securing such systems and focus on the tradeoff between security measures required for blocking unauthorized access to the device and the safety of the patient in emergency situations where such measures must be dropped to allow access. We analyze the up to date proposed solutions and discuss their strengths and limitations.
关键词： security vs. safety,Access control,cyber physical systems,implantable medical devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Classification of foodborne bacteria using hyperspectral microscope imaging technology coupled with convolutional neural networksa??
摘要： Foodborne pathogens have become ongoing threats in the food industry, whereas their rapid detection and classification at an early stage are still challenging. To address early and rapid detection, hyperspectral microscope imaging (HMI) technology combined with convolutional neural networks (CNN) was proposed to classify foodborne bacterial species at the cellular level. HMI technology can simultaneously obtain both spatial and spectral information of different live bacterial cells, while two CNN frameworks, U-Net and one-dimensional CNN (1D-CNN), were employed to accelerate the data analysis process. U-Net was used for automating cellular regions of interest (ROI) segmentation, which generated accurate cell-ROI masks in a shorter timeframe than the conventional Otsu or Watershed methods. The 1D-CNN was employed for classifying the spectral profiles extracted from cell-ROI and resulted in a higher accuracy (90%) than k-nearest neighbor (81%) and support vector machine (81%). Overall, the CNN-assisted HMI technology showed potential for foodborne bacteria detection.
关键词： Convolutional neural network,Machine learning,Hyperspectral microscopy,Food safety,Foodborne pathogen,Rapid classification
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly realistic simulation for robot-assisted hypothalamic hamartoma real-time MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)
摘要： Purpose Real-time MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a challenging procedure due to its technical complexity, as well as the need for efficient multidisciplinary teamwork and transfer of an anesthetized patient between operating room (OR) and magnetic resonance (MR). A highly realistic simulation was developed to design the safest process before being applied to real patients. In this report, authors address the description of the methodology used for this simulation and its purposefulness. Methods The entire image planning, anesthetic, and surgical process were performed on a modified pediatric simulation mannequin with a brain made of medical grade silicone including a hypothalamic hamartoma. Preoperative CT and MR were acquired. Stereotactic insertion of the optical fiber was assisted by the Neuromate? stereotactic robot. Laser ablation was performed with the Medtronic Visualase? MRI-guided system in a 3T Phillips Ingenia? MR scanner. All the stages of the process, participants, and equipment were the same as planned for a real surgery. Results No critical errors were found in the process design that prevented the procedure from being performed with adequate safety. Specific proposals for team positioning and interaction in patient transfers and in MR room were validated. Some specific elements that could improve safety were identified. Conclusion Highly realistic simulation has been an extremely useful tool for safely planning LITT, because professionals were able to take actions in the workflow based not on ideas but on lived experiences. It contributed definitively to build a well-coordinated surgical team that worked safely and more efficiently.
关键词： Robotic surgery,Patient safety,Pediatric epilepsy surgery,Risk management,Laser ablation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - St. Petersburg (2018.6.4-2018.6.8)] 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - Monte Carlo simulations of the diffuse correlation spectroscopy signals for bounded biomodels
摘要： This paper addresses the issues of user association in multi-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) to reduce co-channel interference and provide load balancing for proactively of?oading users onto mobile personal cells (mPC). Previously, much of the literature discussed the user’ association problem for HetNets with conventional ?xed small cells. The problem discussed in the existing literature is easy to analyze owing to ?x nature of the small cells. In this paper, we focus on the mPC instead of ?xed small cells, which complicates the user association problem due to its nature of mobility. In this paper, we propose the public safety (PS) users priority-based mPC user association (PS-UA) scheme for load balancing and interference reduction in highly ?uctuating PS long-term evolution systems. The proposed scheme improves the user-association problem by minimizing call blocking probability (CBP) according to the network load conditions and PS user priority. Moreover, it further improves user signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio by implementing enhanced intercell interference coordination scheme to further reduce the interference to the of?oaded users. System-level simulations con?rmed the validity of the proposed PS-UA scheme, because it convincingly reduces the CBP for PS users as compared with the conventional static user association scheme.
关键词： PS-LTE,user association,interference reduction,Public safety priority,5G system,load balancing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.12.4-2019.12.6)] 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - A Process Study of Laser Patterning of Different Conductive Layers for Printed Electronics
摘要： Stress-induced psychological and somatic diseases are virtually endemic nowadays. Written self-report anxiety measures are available; however, these indices tend to be time consuming to acquire. For medical patients, completing written reports can be burdensome if they are weak, in pain, or in acute anxiety states. Consequently, simple and fast non-invasive methods for assessing stress response from neurophysiological data are essential. In this paper, we report on a study that makes predictions of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) index from oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes of the prefrontal cortex using a two-channel portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Predictions are achieved by constructing machine learning algorithms within a Bayesian framework with nonlinear basis function together with Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation. In this paper, prediction experiments were performed against four different data sets, i.e., two comprising young subjects, and the remaining two comprising elderly subjects. The number of subjects in each data set varied between 17 and 20 and each subject participated only once. They were not asked to perform any task; instead, they were at rest. The root mean square errors for the four groups were 6.20, 6.62, 4.50, and 6.38, respectively. There appeared to be no significant distinctions of prediction accuracies between age groups and since the STAI are defined between 20 and 80, the predictions appeared reasonably accurate. The results indicate potential applications to practical situations such as stress management and medical practice.
关键词： blood oxygenation,prevention medicine,Anxiety index,neuronal activity,regional cerebral blood flow,translational engineering,near infrared spectroscopy,health and safety,prediction methods,oxyhemoglobin
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Immunochromatographic assay for melamine based on luminescent quantum dot beads as signaling probes
摘要： To screen and detect the harmful substance melamine (MEL), a quantum-dot-bead-based immunochromatographic assay (QB-ICA) was formulated. After optimization, calibration was performed within the linear range from 0.06 to 0.28 ng mL?1, with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 ng mL?1. The LOD was 35 times lower than that of ICA that used colloidal gold nanoparticles (LOD ? 1.4 ng mL?1) and 40 times lower than that of the assay based on quantum dots (LOD ? 1.6 ng mL?1). In the detection of MEL in spiked pure milk using the proposed QB-ICA strategy, the LOD (LOD ? 0.19 ng mL?1) of the samples with the proposed pretreatment was 18.4 times lower than those of the samples without pretreatment (LOD ? 3.5 ng mL?1). The performance and practicability of the proposed QB-ICA system was validated; the obtained results reveal that QB-ICA is comparable with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, but with enhanced applicability. Given its high sensitivity and practicability, the QB-ICA strategy could become a worthwhile alternative for the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative onsite detection of harmful substances, facilitating food safety monitoring.
关键词： melamine,quantum-dot-bead-based immunochromatographic assay,sensitivity,rapid detection,food safety
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Real-Time Visualization Method for Estimating 3D Highway Sight Distance Using LiDAR Data
摘要： Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data provide a rather precise depiction of the real three-dimensional (3D) road environment and have been used by some researchers to produce more precise available sight distance (ASD) results compared with those obtained based on conventional digital elevation models with low resolution. However, existing methods have some difficulties in creating digital surface models to accurately estimate ASD using LiDAR data. In addition, dynamic visualization of the driver’s visual conditions along the highway throughout ASD assessment (which is important for monitoring the results in real time) has not been achieved by existing studies. To fill these gaps, this paper discusses the development of a new procedure supported by MATLAB for evaluating, in a real-time visualization manner, ASD along an existing highway based on LiDAR data. With an innovative algorithm that combines cylindrical perspective projection and modified Delaunay triangulation, the computation is processed in real time along the vehicle trajectory, which is represented by a set of points, whereas the driver’s successive perspective views and sight distance results are generated simultaneously. A comparative case study is presented to demonstrate that the new method is more accurate than conventional methods and more flexible for evaluating ASD along highways with complicated roadside components.
关键词： Algorithm,Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data.,Highway safety,Real time,Three-dimensional sight distance
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Compact dual-band filter using interleaved folded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonator
摘要： The new culture of networked systems that offer everywhere accessible services has given rise to various types of security tradeoffs. In fact, with the evolution of physical systems that keep getting integrated with cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more critical effects as they get re?ected on the physical environment. As a result, the issue of security of cyber physical systems requires a special holistic treatment. In this paper, we study the tradeoff between security, safety, and availability in such systems and demonstrate these concepts on implantable medical devices as a case study. We discuss the challenges and constraints associated with securing such systems and focus on the tradeoff between security measures required for blocking unauthorized access to the device and the safety of the patient in emergency situations where such measures must be dropped to allow access. We analyze the up to date proposed solutions and discuss their strengths and limitations.
关键词： security vs. safety,Access control,cyber physical systems,implantable medical devices
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59