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[IEEE 2019 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT) - Kannur,Kerala, India (2019.7.5-2019.7.6)] 2019 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT) - PV fed High gain SEPIC-Boost converter for Vector controlled Induction Motor Drive
摘要： The ability of people to hear and respond to auditory medical alarms is critical to the health and safety of patients. Unfortunately, concurrently sounding alarms can perceptually interact in ways that mask one or more of them: making them impossible to hear. Because masking may only occur in extremely specific and/or rare situations, experimental evaluation techniques are insufficient for detecting masking in all of the potential alarm configurations used in medicine. Thus, a real need exists for computational methods capable of determining if masking exists in medical alarm configurations before they are deployed. In this paper, we present such a method. Using a combination of formal modeling, psychoacoustic modeling, temporal logic specification, and model checking, our method is able to prove whether a modeled of a configuration of alarms can interact in ways that produce masking. This paper provides the motivation for this method, presents its details, describes its implementation, demonstrates its power with a case study, and outlines future work.
关键词： psychoacoustics,medical alarms,Formal methods,patient safety,model checking,psychophysics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Lasers for stone treatment
摘要： To update laser lithotripsy advances in regard to new laser types and technologies as well as review contemporary laser safety concerns. The high prevalence of urolithiasis and the continuing miniaturization of scopes has encouraged the growth of laser lithotripsy technology. The holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser has been used for over 20 years in endourology and has been extensively studied. Holmium laser power output is affected by a number of factors, including pulse energy, pulse frequency, and pulse width. Several recent experimental studies suggest that the new dual-phase Moses ‘pulse modulation’ technology, introduced in high-power laser machines, carries a potential to increase stone ablation efficiency and decrease stone retropulsion. A newly introduced thulium fiber laser (TFL) has been adapted to a very small laser fiber size and is able to generate very low pulse energy and very high pulse frequency. Both of these technologies promise to play a larger role in laser lithotripsy in the near future. However, more experimental and clinical studies are needed to expand on these early experimental findings. Even though laser lithotripsy is considered safe, precautions should be taken to avoid harmful or even catastrophic adverse events to the patient or the operating room staff.
关键词： laser,safety,renal disease,calculi
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18–21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Construction and utilization of probabilistic dynamic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions
摘要： Reflections of high energy lasers from surfaces can present hazards to persons and instruments at significant distances. Heating from these lasers causes changes in the reflection characteristics of surfaces they illuminate. As such, reflections from these surfaces cannot be properly modeled with static bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), but require time-dynamic BRDFs. Moreover, the time-evolution of the surface reflections is not deterministic, but can vary even when the materials and illumination conditions are nearly identical, such that only probabilistic characterization is realistic. Due to the swiftly changing nature of the reflections, traditional BRDF measurements with goniometric instruments are impossible, so BRDFs must be deduced from images of the reflected light incident on a screen intercepting a portion of the reflection solid angle. A new BRDF model describes these complex probabilistic dynamic BRDFs with only four intuitive parameters for a given laser wavelength, irradiance, and duration, where these parameters have central values and statistical variances over discrete regimes corresponding to surface conditions. An automated procedure determines appropriate parameter values and variances from captured screen images, requiring only a single angle of laser incidence. Parameters from sample tests illustrate the model.
关键词： high energy lasers,probabilistic modeling,dynamic BRDFs,bidirectional reflectance distribution functions,laser safety
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Full-Field Erbium:YAG Laser Resurfacing: Complications and Suggested Safety Parameters
摘要： Background: Laser skin resurfacing with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers is a newer alternative to CO2 laser treatment, and was developed to reduce common complications. Although Er:YAG lasers have been available for years, safety parameters for efficacious resurfacing with these devices have not previously been available. Objectives: The aim of this study was to utilize one practice’s laser treatment settings and outcomes data to identify complication rates for various energies and areas of the face and to offer safe energy/depth parameters for treating each area. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for full-field confluent laser resurfacing patients treated with a Sciton Contour Tunable Resurfacing Er:YAG laser by the senior author. The data were retroactively analyzed with a time range of 8?years (January 2007-December 2015). Results: The overall complication rate for MicroLaserPeels (ablation of 50?μm or less) was 10.1% (20 of 198 treatments) and the rate for deep resurfacing treatments was 26.5% (71 of 268 cases). In MicroLaserPeel treatments the cheek area had the highest complication rate, followed by the forehead, nose, perioral, and eyelid areas, in that order (complication rate range, 0%-9.1%). In deep resurfacing treatments the perioral area had the highest complication rate, 38.6% of 145 cases. This was followed by the lids, cheek, nose, and forehead, in that order (complication rate range, 15.2%-20.9%). There is a correlation between increased depth of ablation and increased rate of complication. Conclusions: The study confirmed the efficacy of Er:YAG resurfacing and provides guidance for a safer approach to excellent outcomes.
关键词： complications,laser skin resurfacing,safety parameters,Er:YAG laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[Laser Institute of America ILSC? 2019: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference - South Kissimmee, Florida, USA (March 18–21, 2019)] International Laser Safety Conference - Computer modelling to support laser safety analysis of pulse trains with varying peak power and pulse duration
摘要： Neither the international laser safety standard IEC 60825-1 Edition 3.0 nor the standard ANSI Z136.1-2014 provide specific rules on how to apply the pulse reduction factor C5 (resp. CP) to irregular pulse trains, featuring both varying peak power as well as varying pulse duration. Without specific guidance, the analysis has to be performed based on restrictive approaches, such as counting all pulses and giving them the same weight, even the ones with smaller peak power and lower energy. Preliminary work, presented at the ILSC 2017, focused on pulse trains with varying peak power. The present study provides guidance on how to analyze irregular pulse patterns - both in terms of peak power and pulse duration - in a less restrictive way.
关键词： peak power,IEC 60825-1,ANSI Z136.1,pulse duration,laser safety,pulse trains
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Facile and efficient 3-chlorophenol sensor development based on photolumenescent core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots
摘要： Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting inorganic nanoparticles, tiny molecules of 2–10 nm sizes to strength the quantum confinements of electrons. The QDs are good enough to emit light onto electrons for exciting and returning to the ground state. Here, CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs have been prepared and applied for electrochemical sensor development in this approach. Flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was coated with CdSe/ZnS QDs as very thin uniform layer to result of the selective and efficient sensor of 3-CP (3-chlorophenol). The significant analytical parameters were calculated from the calibration plot such as sensitivity (3.6392 μA μM?1 cm?2) and detection limit (26.09 ± 1.30 pM) with CdSe/ZnS/GCE sensor probe by electrochemical approach. The calibration curve was fitted with the regression co-efficient r2 = 0.9906 in the range of 0.1 nM ～ 0.1 mM concentration, which denoted as linear dynamic range (LDR). Besides these, it was performed the reproducibility in short response time and successfully validated the fabricated sensor for 3-CP in the real environmental and extracted samples. It is introduced as a noble route to detect the environmental phenolic contaminants using CdSe/ZnS QDs modified sensor by electrochemical method for the safety of healthcare and environmental fields at broad scales.
关键词： CdSe/ZnS,Quantum dots,electrochemical sensor,3-chlorophenol,environmental safety
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser flap enhancement 5 to 9 years and 10 or more years after laser in?situ keratomileusis: Safety and efficacy
摘要： To study the safety and efficacy of refractive enhancement by flap lifting 5 and 10 years after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
关键词： flap lifting,safety,epithelial ingrowth,refractive enhancement,efficacy,LASIK
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Prospects for Hermetic Sealing of Scaled-Up Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generators for Reliable and Risk Free Operation
摘要： Photo-electrochemical (PEC) systems have the potential to contribute to de-carbonation of the global energy supply because solar energy can be directly converted to hydrogen, which can be burnt without the release of greenhouse gases. However, meaningful deployment of PEC technology in the global energy system, even when highly e?cient scaled up devices become available, shall only be a reality when their safe and reliable operation can be guaranteed over several years of service life. The ?rst part of this review discusses the importance of hermetic sealing of up scaled PEC device provided by the casing and sealing joints from a reliability and risk perspective. The second part of the review presents a survey of fully functional devices and early stage demonstrators and uses this to establish the extent to which the state of the art in PEC device design address the issue of hermetic sealing. The survey revealed that current material choices and sealing techniques are still unsuitable for scale–up and commercialization. Accordingly, we examined possible synergies with related photovoltaic and electrochemical devices that have been commericalised, and derived therefrom, recommendations for future research routes that could accelerate the development of hermetic seals of PEC devices.
关键词： hermetic sealing,safety,photo-electrochemical,reliability,scale-up,solar hydrogen generator
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The Impact of LED Color Rendering on the Dark Adaptation of Human Eyes at Tunnel Entrances
摘要： The dark adaptation of drivers’ eyes at a tunnel entrance seriously affects traffic safety. This can be improved by the design of tunnel lighting. Light-Emitting Diode (LEDs) have been applied as a new type of luminaire in tunnel lighting in recent years, but at present, there are few studies on the influence of color rendering of LEDs on tunnel traffic safety, and there is no explicit indicator for the selection of appropriate color rendering parameters in tunnel lighting specifications, which has aroused researchers’ concern. In this article, several new color rendering evaluation indexes were compared, and as a result, it is considered that CRI2012 (a color difference-based color rendering index) is more suitable for evaluating the color rendering of LEDs used at tunnel entrances. The dark adaptation phenomenon was simulated in the laboratory. Four CRI2012s, three color temperatures and eight colored targets were used in the experiments. The results showed that yellow, silver and white can provide shorter reaction times, while red and brown lead to longer reaction times, which can provide a reference for the design of road and warning signs at tunnel entrances. The effect of target color on reaction time was greater than that of color rendering. Under most target colors, the higher the CRI2012, the shorter the reaction time. When designing the color rendering of the LEDs at a tunnel entrance, the value should thus be as large as possible (close to 100), and a lower color temperature value (about 2800 K) should be selected. This paper provides technical support for tunnel lighting design and a reference for tunnel lighting specifications, which is of significance to improve driving safety and avoid traffic accidents in highway tunnels.
关键词： color rendering,dark adaptation,tunnel entrance,tunnel lighting,traffic safety
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS) - Funchal - Madeira, Portugal (2018.9.25-2018.9.27)] 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS) - Ontology-driven multilevel sequential pattern mining: mining for gold in event logs of photovoltaic plants
摘要： This paper presents a method to identify inevitable collision states (ICS) specifically for a motorcycle when interacting with an opponent passenger car in typical traffic scenarios. Previous ICS methods were applied to passenger cars or generic vehicles; however, the peculiarities of motorcycles urge the definition of specific methods for these vehicles. The findings extend the applicability of previous algorithms to include all motorcycle-to-car collisions, irrespective of collision configurations. ICS identification can be adopted as a triggering criterion for more invasive safety systems such as motorcycle autonomous emergency braking (MAEB), which require a last-resort approach in their initial phases of development. In this regard, this paper also presents an evaluation of an idealized MAEB through experiments simulating real-world crashes in a computer-based virtual environment.
关键词： autonomous emergency braking,inevitable collision states,Motorcycles,safety systems
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52