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Analyses of optical radiation safety standards for laser illuminated products
摘要： The high energy density of optical radiation from laser illuminated products may cause eye injury, so it is necessary to study the optical radiation safety standards for these products. The relations of related international and Chinese organizations, such as IEC/TC76, IEC/TC108, IEC/TC110, Chinese technical committee SAC/TC284, and so on, are introduced. The related standards and the relations are surveyed, especially the safety of laser products (IEC 60825) series, the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62741) series, and audio/video, information and communication technology equipment—part 1: safety requirements (IEC 62368‐1:2018). As application examples of standards, some specific laser illuminated products, including the laser projector, the laser headlamp and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) used in the vehicle, as well as the evaluation methods for the blue light effect of the display are discussed and analyzed. On the basis of the analyses of the optical radiation safety standards, it is necessary to select or develop appropriate standards for different types of laser illuminated products.
关键词： optical radiation safety,laser illuminated product
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Washington, DC (2017.6.25-2017.6.30)] 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) - Study of spatial distribution of electrical, optical and structural properties of magnetron sputtered AZO thin films
摘要： China is now the world's largest producer and consumer of nickel. As an important strategic metal, nickel is widely used in various industries of national economy. Whether the supply of nickel ore resources is sufficient or not directly restricts the development of downstream industries. It is becoming more and more important to evaluate the safety of nickel resources in our country, and to formulate the corresponding safety strategy. This paper uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the safety of nickel resources in China, and overcomes the subjectivity and singleness of traditional evaluation methods. On the basis of the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced. At present, the safety situation of nickel resources in our country is in a more dangerous level, and we need to take positive measures to improve it.
关键词： analytic hierarchy process,nickel resources,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,safety evaluation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Expression and significance of quantum dots in RAW 264.7 macrophages
摘要： Robotic co-workers are an emerging generation of physical robots promises to transform manufacturing with its ability to communicate and collaborate, both robot-to-robot and robot-to-human, opening the way to greater innovation and productivity. We designed a welding robotic co-worker which observes industrial part, searches welding seams, plans welding trajectory, and simulates welding result automatically. It largely benefits small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) by allowing manufacturers handle low-volume orders without re-programming. As a co-worker, the robot communicates with its operator though brain computer interface (BCI) as well as guarantees the operator’s safety. We demonstrated the performance of this robot using a human subject study in welding simulation environment.
关键词： Safety,Virtual welding simulator,Brain Computer Interface (BCI),Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs),Welding robotic co-worker
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser for myopia
摘要： Background: Femtosecond laser (FL) is an effective method to treat patients with myopia, but its relative efficacy and safety is still unclear. Thus, this study will be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of FL for myopia systematically. Methods: This study will systematically retrieve the following electronic databases up to the present: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All electronic databases will be searched without any limitations of language and publication status. RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized for statistical analysis. Results: We will summarize the targeted results evaluating the efficacy and safety of FL for patients with myopia. Conclusions: This study will provide a comprehensive evidence summary on FL for patients with myopia.
关键词： femtosecond laser,efficacy,safety,myopia
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Back to Basics: Laser Safety
摘要： Surgeons use lasers for a variety of inpatient and outpatient procedures. Perioperative nurses should have a basic understanding of the physics involved in producing the beam of energy and the risks associated with laser use. Although perioperative laser safety is the responsibility of all personnel involved in a laser procedure, health care facility leaders can implement certain strategies (eg, creating a laser safety committee with a laser safety officer) to help team members mitigate risk. This Back to Basics article reviews the history of lasers and identifies safety issues that perioperative nurses may encounter during laser procedures. It also discusses ways to prevent adverse outcomes associated with laser use and provides resources for additional information. By reviewing this article, perioperative nurses and leaders should be able to identify gaps related to laser safety that may be present in their organizations.
关键词： fire prevention,laser,laser safety officer,nominal hazard zone,eyewear
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Non-invasive imaging reveals conditions that impact distribution and persistence of cells after in vivo administration
摘要： Background: Cell-based regenerative medicine therapies are now frequently tested in clinical trials. In many conditions, cell therapies are administered systemically, but there is little understanding of their fate, and adverse events are often under-reported. Currently, it is only possible to assess safety and fate of cell therapies in preclinical studies, specifically by monitoring animals longitudinally using multi-modal imaging approaches. Here, using a suite of in vivo imaging modalities to explore the fate of a range of human and murine cells, we investigate how route of administration, cell type and host immune status affect the fate of administered cells. Methods: We applied a unique imaging platform combining bioluminescence, optoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging modalities to assess the safety of different human and murine cell types by following their biodistribution and persistence in mice following administration into the venous or arterial system. Results: Longitudinal imaging analyses (i) suggested that the intra-arterial route may be more hazardous than intravenous administration for certain cell types, (ii) revealed that the potential of a mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) line to form tumours depended on administration route and mouse strain and (iii) indicated that clinically tested human umbilical cord (hUC)-derived MSCs can transiently and unexpectedly proliferate when administered intravenously to mice. Conclusions: In order to perform an adequate safety assessment of potential cell-based therapies, a thorough understanding of cell biodistribution and fate post administration is required. The non-invasive imaging platform used here can expose not only the general organ distribution of these therapies, but also a detailed view of their presence within different organs and, importantly, tumourigenic potential. Our observation that the hUC-MSCs but not the human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs persisted for a period in some animals suggests that therapies with these cells should proceed with caution.
关键词： Safety,Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells,Preclinical models,Multi-modal imaging,Cell therapies,Cell tracking
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The passenger flow status identification based on image and WiFi detection for urban rail transit stations
摘要： During the peak hours, the concentration of passenger flow is relatively high for some busy subway lines, if the measures can’t be taken in time, more serious accidents may happen, which will influence the social image of the subway. At present, the passenger flow of the key stations is judged mainly by the experience of the staffs, and then the corresponding measures are taken, the errors may be large, and the relevant technical research is urgently needed. First, a data collection device called ‘‘the elf of passenger flow-collecting”, which integrates high definition camera image acquisition equipment and WIFI probe technology was set up. It can be used to collect the original passenger flow data of congestion points of subway stations. Second, a convolution neural network passenger flow identification algorithm based on deep learning is designed, which is used to estimate the P0 of stations. Third, because of the error in the video image recognition algorithm, the WIFI probe data acquisition scheme is designed, and the SQL preprocessing assembly for WIFI data processing is established. The noise of WIFI probe is preprocessed, and the flow rate of P5 based on WIFI probe is obtained. The difference between P0 and P5 is defined, and the degree of the difference between P0 and P5 is calculated, so the final passenger flow P6 can be obtained. Finally, the Songjiang University Hall Station of Shanghai Metro line 9 was taken as an experimental analysis object, the high definition camera and WIFI probe are set up on the spot, the passenger flow video data and the WIFI data are collected synchronously, so the real-time passenger flow in the station’s internal position is estimated, and the accuracy is corrected, meanwhile the passenger flow early warning of the station position is obtained. An emergency response plan based on passenger flow early warning level is proposed, and the flow chart of passenger flow density inside Songjiang University hall station is drawn. The construction of the equipment platform and the identification and correction methods of passenger flow are of good practical guiding significance for the Metro to run safely.
关键词： Passenger flow identification,Rail transit,Emergency warning,Safety of stations,Passengers’ limiter of station
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Simultaneous measurement of patient dose and distribution of indoor scattered radiation during digital breast tomosynthesis
摘要： Introduction: Breast cancer incidence increases from the age of 30 years. As this age range coincides with that in which women usually pursue pregnancy, undergoing medical examinations for conditions such as breast cancer is a concern, especially when pregnancy is uncertain during the first eight weeks. Moreover, in this age range, breast often exhibits a high density, thus compromising diagnosis. For such density, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) provides a more accurate diagnosis than 2D mammography given its higher sensitivity and specificity. However, radiation exposure increases during DBT, and it should be determined. Methods: We determined the entrance surface dose, scattered radiation dose, and average glandular dose (AGD), which can be mutually compared following an international protocol. Using our proposed method, the distribution of scattered radiation can be easily and quickly obtained with a minor load to the equipment. Then, we can determine the indoor scattered radiation and surface dose on patients during DBT. Results: We obtained a maximum AGD of 2.32 mGy. The scattered radiation was distributed over both sides with maximum of approximately 40 mGy, whereas the maximum dose around the eye was approximately 10 mGy. Conclusion: By measuring doses using the proposed method, a correct dose information can be provided for patients to mitigate their concerns about radiation exposure. Although the obtained doses were low, their proper management is still required. Overall, the results from this study can help to enhance dose management for patients and safety management regarding indoor radiation.
关键词： Radiation safety,Entrance surface dose,Jungle gym method,Scatter dose,Digital breast tomosynthesis,Average glandular dose (AGD)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT) - Sangamner, India (2018.2.8-2018.2.9)] 2018 International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT) - Traffic Sign Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance System
摘要： Development of safety features so as to prevent ignorance of traffic sign boards mounted on road is one of the major technical challenges in the automobile industry. Ignoring traffic signs can lead to major road accidents. Therefore, using driver assistance system to timely assist with warning and information road signs can be of significant help in prevention of accidents. This paper aims towards the detection of road signs using contour analysis approach. In this paper Blue, Green, Red (BGR) to Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) conversion model and morphological filter for noise filtering are used to make the result more robust. The system has a voice trigger to alert the driver of road signs via audio message and thus helping in prevention of accidents.
关键词： computer vision,traffic sign detection,driver safety,contour detection,advanced driver assistance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Detection of Salmonella from chicken rinsate with visible/near-infrared hyperspectral microscope imaging compared against RT-PCR
摘要： Salmonella is an organism of importance to the poultry industry with increasingly stringent government regulatory standards. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and plating procedures on nutrient enriched growth media have been the standard detection methods of Salmonella from broiler chicken carcasses for years. These methods are proven, but offer disadvantages in the amount of time or reoccurring sample cost. Here, we propose the use of a hyperspectral microscope imaging system (HMI) for comparison to standard detection methods. Broiler chicken carcasses were rinsed and plated on Salmonella selective agar. Colonies from plates were picked and RT-PCR was used as a confirmation test to verify plating results, while HMI was collected from the same colonies. Spectral signatures of cells were extracted between 450 – 800 nm from HMI collected with 100x objective. A quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) was used to classify cells as either Salmonella positive or negative (n = 341). Spectra preprocessing minimized the influence of cellular shape on the spectra, increasing the initial classification accuracy of 81.8% to 98.5%, yielding a sensitivity of 1.0, and a specificity of 0.963. Results showed the potential as an initial investigation of HMI as a microbial confirmation tool, compared to RT-PCR.
关键词： Polymerase chain reaction,Salmonella,Food Safety,Hyperspectral microscope,Rapid detection
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36