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TiO2-Coated Core-Shell Ag Nanowire Networks for Robust and Washable Flexible Transparent Electrodes
摘要： Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are the most promising materials to fabricate flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) used in next-generation electronics. However, there are several bottlenecks for AgNWs-based FTEs to achieve large-scale applications, which are the thermal instability and rough surface topography of AgNWs and the poor interfacial adhesion between AgNWs and used substrate. To simultaneously address these aforementioned issues, a robust and washable FTE is prepared based on AgNW@TiO2 core-shell network embedding in polyimide (PI) substrate through a facile and scalable solution-based process. After treating with TiO2 sol, an ultra-thin, conformal, and continuous TiO2 shell is coated on AgNWs, which can effectively suppress the atomic surface diffusion. In comparison with pristine AgNW network that breaks into nanorods and nanospheres at 250 °C for 10 min, the AgNW@TiO2 core-shell network is stable at 300 °C, and its resistance just increases by a factor of 11 after annealing at 400 °C for 1 h. Furthermore, the TiO2 shell simultaneously increases the electrical and optical properties of AgNW network. After flowing PI precursors, drying, and thermally curing, the AgNW@TiO2 core-shell network is embedded on the surface of PI substrate with surface roughness of 1.9 nm. In addition to high thermal stability, the conductivity of the AgNWs@TiO2-PI composite FTE remains almost unchanged after repeated 3M tape peeling off cycles and mechanical bending cycles. It is also demonstrated that the AgNWs@TiO2-PI composite FTE is washable, and the relative change in resistance (?R/R0) is ~12% after 100 washing cycles in which a variety of stress situations occurring in combination.
关键词： flexible transparent electrodes,peeling off and mechanical stabilities,TiO2 sol,silver nanowire@TiO2 core-shell network,thermal and washing stabilities
更新于2025-11-14 14:32:36
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Improved stability of silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode for high temperature applications using selective photoresist passivation
摘要： Metal nanostructure arrays have been progressed as an alternative to the conventional oxides-based transparent conductive electrodes. Herein, we demonstrate the improved reliability of silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes by photoresist encapsulation. The incorporation of photoresist followed by photolithography is beneficial to selectively pattern the AgNWs on poly[ether sulfone]. By varying the development or removal time of the ultraviolet (UV)-exposed photoresist, the properties of the AgNWs in the electrode are significantly varied. The optical parameters such as transmittance, haziness, and the yellow index of the electrodes have been extensively studied to reveal the advantage of the selective photoresist patterning. The AgNW electrodes patterned under 120 s of development time explored superior optical and electrical properties with high durability. The electrical properties of the AgNW electrodes at high temperatures (250 °C) demonstrate the photoresist-induced stability as compared to bare samples. Further, the morphological examination after the high temperature treatment reveals the reduced Rayleigh instability effects in 120s developed AgNWs that facilitate the reliability under harsh conditions.
关键词： photoresist selective passivation,development time,high reliability,Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ultrasensitive LPFG corrosion sensor with Fe-C coating electroplated on a Gr/AgNW film
摘要： This paper presents the first report on an ultrasensitive Fe-C coated long period fiber gratings (LPFG) corrosion sensor with graphene (Gr) and silver nanowire (AgNW) composite as a conductive film for Fe-C electroplating. The Gr/AgNW composite was grown on copper foil, wet transferred and adhered to the curve surface of the fiber optic sensor under atmospheric pressure and heating conditions. For comparison, another Fe-C coated LPFG sensor was prepared with silver nano ink as a conductive film. Both sensors were tested for 72 h in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with simultaneous measurements of transmission spectrum and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to its high optical transparency, the Gr/AgNW composite increased the wavelength sensitivity and service life of a Fe-C coated LPFG sensor by over 90% and 110%, respectively. The effective depth of influence to the evanescent field surrounding the LPFG sensor was 23.6 μm with the silver film and greater than 30 μm with the Gr/AgNW film.
关键词： Long period fiber gratings,Silver nanowire,Corrosion sensor,Fe-C coating,Graphene
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Metal nanowire–polymer matrix hybrid layer for triboelectric nanogenerator
摘要： In this work, we studied the surface potential of a metal–polymer hybrid layer and its effect on the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Ag nanowires (AgNWs) separately embedded in two different polymers–one with a positive tribopotential and the other with a negative tribopotential–were prepared as model hybrid systems. The surface potentials of the hybrid system were systematically investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The results demonstrated that each component of the hybrid layer affected the other component because of the difference in their work functions. The following two important findings were obtained. First, the surface potential of each polymer shifted drastically toward that of Ag and the surface potential of Ag shifted toward that of each polymer. Second, higher density of AgNWs led to higher Ag-induced charge density in the polymer, which consequently resulted in larger shift in the surface potential of the polymer. TENG performance measurements revealed that the tribopotential difference between the contact surfaces of the AgNW–polymer hybrid layer and the perfluoroalkoxy alkane (or Nylon) used as the top triboelectric layer governed the TENG performance. Our systematic investigation of the surface potential of a hybrid surface consisting of two materials with different surface potentials provides insight into the design of triboelectric layers for high-performance TENGs.
关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator,silver nanowire,kelvin probe force microscopy,hybrid,surface potential
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Surface-nanostructured single silver nanowire: a new one-dimensional microscale SERS interface
摘要： One-dimensional microscale SERS-active interfaces have been intriguing as a newly emerging class of SERS interfaces compared to conventional macroscale SERS substrates. In this work, a stable surface-nanostructured single silver nanowire was fabricated. The nanostructures on the nanowire are formed by nanoscale silver crystal dots with diameters of 20-50 nm. The SERS signals of the crystal violet probe molecules adsorbed on the nanostructures are dramatically enhanced by both electromagnetic and chemical effects. The hot spots generated at the junctions of adjacent nanoscale dots yield highly efficient surface plasmon resonance. Simultaneously, the charge transfer on the atomic-scale silver cluster located at the nanostructured interface causes an enhancement similar to a Raman resonance. The intensity distributions of the SERS peaks on the surface-nanostructured single nanowire are characterized by SERS mapping. It is found that, although the intensities of the SERS peaks are different, their SERS mapping images show uniform SERS enhancement distributions, whereas the noticeable SERS intensity distributions on the single smooth silver nanowire are mainly located on the two ends of the nanowire. The large number of nanoscale crystal dots along with the atomic-scale silver clusters are uniformly and densely distributed on the surface of the single roughened nanowire; these structural attributes induce a uniform and large surface plasmon resonance and charge transfer enhancements on the entire surface of the nanowire. This work indicates that the surface-nanostructured single silver nanowire, synthesized using a quite simple preparation method, performs as an excellent one-dimensional microscale SERS substrate with uniform and high enhancement characteristics, which shows high potential for applications as a new class of SERS-active substrates. Furthermore, the higher enhancement factor of the microscale SERS interfaces can be achieved by introducing other roughened nanowires to assemble a dimer and a trimer as micro SERS substrates, which is consistent with the dark field (DF) measurements.
关键词： Hot spots,Raman,Micro SERS interfaces,Charge transfer,Silver nanowire
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Facilitating Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering on Dielectric Substrates via Electrical Cutting of Silver Nanowire Probes
摘要： TERS is a powerful tool for nanoscale optical characterization of surfaces. However, even after 20 years of development, the parameters for optimal TERS tips are still up for debate. As a result, routine measurements on bulk or dielectric substrates remain exceptionally challenging. Herein we help to alleviate this by using electrical cutting to strategically modify silver nanowire TERS probes. Following cutting, the tips present a large, spherical apex and are often nanostructured with numerous nanoparticles, which we argue improve light collection and optical coupling. This doubles TERS signals on a highly-enhancing, gap-mode substrate compared to our standard nanowire tips, whilst maintaining a high reproducibility and resolution. More interestingly, on a dielectric substrate (graphene on SiO2) the tips give ~7x higher signals than our standard tips. Further investigations point to the non-local nature of the enhancement using standard, smooth, TERS probes without gap-mode, making such nanostructuring highly beneficial in these cases.
关键词： electrical cutting,silver nanowire,TERS,Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering,nanoscale optical characterization,dielectric substrates
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Junction Welding Techniques for Metal Nanowire Network Electrodes
摘要： Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), which offer advantages of high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, are essential components of practical high-tech optoelectronics such as touch panels, e-papers, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Solution-processed Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as a practical alternative TCE material suitable for industrial-scale mass production. However, the contact resistance at AgNW junctions strongly affects the total sheet resistance of AgNW electrodes. In recent years, various welding techniques for AgNW network electrodes have been developed with the aim of decreasing their sheet resistance while maintaining their optical transmittance. In this paper, we present a review of various welding methods such as thermal-mechanical welding, light welding, chemical welding, and metal-plating welding.
关键词： silver nanowire,transparent conductive electrode,welding,sheet resistance,optical transmittance
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Flexible perovskite solar cells based on AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes
摘要： Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes are promising for ?exible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their low cost, high conductivity, high transmittance and roll-to-roll fabrication processes. We resolved problems with incorporating AgNW networks into PSCs such as smooth surface morphology, space ?lling and chemical stability by employing solution-deposition of conductive ATO nanoparticles onto pre-existing AgNW networks at low temperatures. AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes show a transmission of 76–82 % in the visible region with an excellent sheet resistance of 18 O sq?1, similar to the commercial PET/ITO transparent electrodes. To build up ?exible PSCs, we adopted an architecture in which the thin ?lm of CH3NH3PbI3 was sandwiched between the ZnO (as the electron-selective layer) and carbon electrode (as the hole-selective layer) on the AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes. Under AM 1.5 G and 100 mW cm?2 simulated sunlight illumination, the ?exible PSCs based on AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes achieved PCEs of 5.07 %. The ?exible devices maintained their performance after 100 bending cycles at 6 mm radius of curvature.
关键词： Transparent electrode,Silver nanowire,ATO nanoparticles,Flexible,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Evidence of Low Temperature Joints in Silver Nanowire Based Transparent Conducting Layers for Solar cells
摘要： The primary stage of joint formation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) at 60 °C is investigated using rotary scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM with tomographic reconstruction images), and super large-scale molecular dynamic (MD) simulation (2×106 atoms). This study proves to establish that silver nanowires do not require the conventional high temperature post treatment process at 200 °C to form fused contacts at the intersections. In fact, a low temperature annealing at 60 °C facilitates formation of highly conductive networks. The connection between the nanowires is made through a stage called thinning, shown in this report for the first time, which occurs before broadening of the nanowires and is caused due to simultaneous effects of loads from the top nanowires and the heating, as confirmed by STEM and MD result. The outcomes of our investigation significantly promote the application of AgNWs as a transparent conductive layer for solar cells with requirement of low temperature processing such as Kasterite, Perovskite and Organic solar cells.
关键词： Low temperature process,Scanning transmission electron microscopy,Molecular dynamic simulation,Junction resistivity,Transparent conductive layer,Silver nanowire
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Facile Fabrication of Highly Conductive, Ultra-Smooth and Flexible Silver Nanowire Electrode for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
摘要： So far, one of the fundamental limitations of silver nanowires is the high contact resistance among their junctions. Moreover, a rough surface due to its random arrangement is inevitable to electrical short when the nanowire-based electronics is driving. To improve the contact resistance, we suggest the particle-shape nanocrystals are intentionally reduced at the junctions by a localized Joule-heat reduction approach from the silver ions. Via localized reductions, the reduced nanoparticles effectively weld the junction’s areas resulting in a 19% decrease in sheet resistance to 9.9 ?sq-1. Besides, the nanowires are embedded into a polyamide film with a gentle hot pressing. Consequently, the roughness was considerably dropped so that it was successful to demonstrate OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) with nanowires, which was beneficial to be laminated with OLEDs under the low temperature. The experimental results show the Ag NW embedding films reach 10.9?sq-1 of the sheet resistance at 92% transmittance and the roughness was only 1.92nm.
关键词： embedding,transferring,joule-heat reduction,smooth surface,silver nanowire,transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59