- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Optical Monitoring of Living Nerve Terminal Labeling in Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings of the <em>Ex Vivo</em> Mouse Ear Skin
摘要： A novel dissection and recording technique is described for optical monitoring staining and de-staining of lanceolate terminals surrounding hair follicles in the skin of the mouse pinna. The preparation is simple and relatively fast, reliably yielding extensive regions of multiple labeled units of living nerve terminals to study uptake and release of styryl pyridinium dyes extensively used in studies of vesicle recycling. Subdividing the preparations before labeling allows test vs. control comparisons in the same ear from a single individual. Helpful tips are given for improving the quality of the preparation, the labeling and the imaging parameters. This new system is suitable for assaying pharmacologically and mechanically-induced uptake and release of these vital dyes in lanceolate terminals in both wild-type and genetically modified animals. Examples of modulatory influences on labeling intensity are given.
关键词： ear,Issue 110,Neuroscience,mechanosensation,hair follicle,electrophysiology,mouse,Lanceolate ending,skin
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Computational phantom study of frozen melanoma imaging at 0.45 terahertz
摘要： Terahertz radiation (THz) is highly absorbed by liquid water. This creates the possibility of medical imaging on the basis of the water content difference between normal and diseased tissue. The effective penetration of THz is limited, however, to a tissue depth of 0.2–0.3 mm at body temperature. A unique feature of the 0.1–2.0 THz frequency is that there is a high disparity between liquid water absorption and ice absorption, with ice being 100 times more permeable to the radiation than liquid water. This results in 90% of the radiation surviving to 1.0 mm in ice, permitting the imaging of frozen tissues to a depth of 5.0 mm. This method is practical as an in vivo procedure before or during surgical excision. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) computational modeling of frozen normal skin and frozen melanoma was undertaken using tissue phantoms. The study suggests that sufficient contrast exists to differentiate normal frozen skin and melanoma on the basis of the difference of water content alone. When the melanin pigment in melanomas is modeled as a significant absorber of THz, the contrast changes. Based on the modeling, further exploration of the “THz-skin freeze” imaging technique is justified. In the modeling, the boundary between the frozen tissue and non-frozen tissue is shown to be strongly reflective. If the reflective properties of the boundary are substantiated, the “THz-skin freeze” technique will have applications in other areas of skin diagnostics and therapeutics.
关键词： imaging,freezing,melanoma,skin,terahertz
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 17th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) - Orlando, FL, USA (2018.12.17-2018.12.20)] 2018 17th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) - GAN-Based Super Resolution for Accurate 3D Surface Reconstruction from Light Field Skin Images Towards Haptic Palpation
摘要： The development of vision technology for observation of skin surface and diagnosis of skin disease for preventing secondary infections caused by direct skin touch has consistently been in the medical field spotlight. Many studies have been conducted to acquire three dimensional (3D) data through stereo images, multiple images, and lasers because (3D) data of in-vivo skin image is essential for accurate medical diagnosis. However, stereo vision systems or 3D laser systems for obtaining 3D information require high cost and have high computational complexity, and hence they have not been used universally. Additionally, the use of such systems is still not preferred in the medical field due to limitations on visual decision making. Therefore, a haptic diagnosis system that can blend vision information from a camera and palpation information from a dermatologist has been considered. In this study, we propose a 3D skin surface reconstruction method using a light field camera for haptic rendering and palpation. To achieve this goal, we addressed the low resolution problem, which has been consistently present in light field cameras, through the generative adversarial nets (GANs)-based super resolution method, and exploited the light field system which has been applied only to the object scene for obtaining 3D skin surface texture. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this study is promising and offers sufficient potential for haptic diagnosis.
关键词： Light field images,deep learning,3D skin surface reconstruction,disparity map,haptic palpation,super resolution
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 Eighth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA) - Xi'an, China (2018.11.7-2018.11.10)] 2018 Eighth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA) - Human-Computer Interaction using Finger Signing Recognition with Hand Palm Centroid PSO Search and Skin-Color Classification and Segmentation
摘要： This paper presents a novel image processing technique for recognizing finger signs language alphabet. A human-computer interaction system is built based on the recognition of sign language which constitutes an interface between the computer and hearing-impaired persons, or as an assistive technology in industrial robotics. The sign language recognition is articulated on the extraction of the contours of the sign language alphabets, therefore, converting into one dimensional signal processing, which improves the recognition efficiency and significantly reduces the processing time. The pre-processing of images is performed by a novel skin-color region segmentation defined inside the standard RGB (sRGB) color space, then a morphological filtering is used for non-skin residuals removal. Afterwards, a circular correlation achieves the identification of the sign language after extracting the sign closed contour vector and performing matching between extracted vector and target alphabets vectors. The closed contour vector is generated around the hand palm centroid with position optimized by a particle swarm optimization algorithm search. Finally, a multi-objective function is used for computing the recognition score. The results presented in this paper for skin color segmentation, centroid search and pattern recognition show high effectiveness of the novel artificial vision engine.
关键词： Skin-color,Pattern recognition,Sign language,Segmentation,Particle Swarm Optimization,Human-Machine Interaction
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Accurate depth estimation of skin surface using a light-field camera toward dynamic haptic palpation
摘要： Background: Haptic skin palpation with three-dimensional skin surface reconstruction from in vivo skin images in order to acquire both tactile and visual information has been receiving much attention. However, the depth estimation of skin surface, using a light field camera that creates multiple images with a micro-lens array, is a difficult problem due to low-resolution images resulting in erroneous disparity matching. Methods: Multiple low-resolution images decoded from a light field camera have limitations to accurate 3D surface reconstruction needed for haptic palpation. To overcome this, a deep learning method, Generative Adversarial Networks, was employed to generate super-resolved skin images that preserve surface detail without blurring, and then, accurate skin depth was estimated by taking multiple subsequent steps including lens distortion correction, sub-pixel shifted image generation using phase shift theorem, cost-volume building, multi-label optimization, and hole filling and refinement, which is a new approach for 3D skin surface reconstruction. Results: Experimental results of the deep-learning-based super-resolution method demonstrated that the textural detail (wrinkles) of super-resolved skin images is well preserved, unlike other super-resolution methods. In addition, the depth maps computed with our proposed algorithm verify that our method can produce more accurate and robust results compared to other state-of-the-art depth map computation methods. Conclusion: Herein, we first proposed depth map estimation of skin surfaces using a light field camera and subsequently tested it with several skin images. The experimental results established the superiority of the proposed scheme.
关键词： depth estimation,skin imaging,disparity estimation,dermatology,light field camera,haptic palpation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[ACM Press the 2018 International Conference - Prague, Czech Republic (2018.10.12-2018.10.14)] Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Sensors, Signal and Image Processing - SSIP 2018 - Constrained Attribute Selection for Stress Detection Based on Physiological Signals
摘要： We present a constrained attribute selection method that makes use of feature assessment based on the Fisher’s separation criterion followed by variety reduction post-processing. The post-processing incorporates task-specific constrain into the feature selection process, as this is expected to facilitate the subsequent data modeling and classification stages. Here we validate the proposed method in an experimental setup oriented towards acute stress detection based on physiological signals. The experimental results support that the proposed method brings advantage, when compared to three other cases: (i) the full set of features, (ii) a subset selected based on prior knowledge, (iii) and a subset selected based solely on Fisher’s separation criterion.
关键词： Fisher linear discriminant,Stress detection,Attribute selection,Electrocardiography (ECG),Galvanic skin response (GSR)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Optical coherence tomography angiography and photoacoustic imaging in dermatology
摘要： Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively novel functional extension of the widely accepted ophthalmic imaging tool named optical coherence tomography (OCT). Since OCTA’s debut in ophthalmology, researchers have also been trying to expand its translational application into dermatology. The ability of OCTA in resolving microvasculature has shown promising results in imaging skin diseases. Meanwhile, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), which uses laser pulse induced ultrasound waves as the signal, has been studied to differentiate human skin layers and to help skin disease diagnosis. This perspective article gives a short review of OCTA and PAI in the field of photodermatology. After an introduction of the principles of OCTA and PAI, we describe the most updated results of skin disease imaging using these two optical imaging modalities. We also put an emphasis on dual modality imaging combining OCTA and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for dermatological applications. In the end, the challenges and opportunities of these two imaging modalities in dermatology are discussed.
关键词： microvasculature,dermatology,Optical coherence tomography angiography,photoacoustic imaging,skin imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Optical coherence tomography angiography monitors human cutaneous wound healing over time
摘要： Background: In vivo imaging of the complex cascade of events known to be pivotal elements in the healing of cutaneous wounds is a difficult but essential task. Current techniques are highly invasive, or lack the level of vascular and structural detail required for accurate evaluation, monitoring and treatment. We aimed to use an advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography (OCTA) technique for the non-invasive, high resolution imaging of cutaneous wound healing. Methods: We used a clinical prototype OCTA to image, identify and track key vascular and structural adaptations known to occur throughout the healing process. Specific vascular parameters, such as diameter and density, were measured to aid our interpretations under a spatiotemporal framework. Results: We identified multiple distinct, yet overlapping stages, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, and demonstrated the detailed vascularization and anatomical attributes underlying the multifactorial processes of dermatologic wound healing. Conclusions: OCTA provides an opportunity to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess the vascular response to acute cutaneous damage and in the future, may help to ascertain wound severity and possible healing outcomes; thus, enabling more effective treatment options.
关键词： microvasculature,wound healing,skin,Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Empirical Law to Evaluate the Skin Dose with Photon Beam Energy and Irradiation Field Size
摘要： The objective of this study is to evaluate mathematically an empirical law governs the skin dose with photon beam energy and irradiation field size based on experiment data of dose distributions. The dose distributions were expressed on percentage depth dose (PDD). The measurements of PDDs were done as a function of irradiation field size with an uncertainty of 2% as recommended by IAEA protocols. The skin dose corresponds to PDD at depth of 0 mm for photon beam energy of 6 and 18 MV. For these both photon beam energies, the skin dose increased linearly with irradiation field size and the skin dose rate decreased in power law as a function of irradiation field size with mathematical error under to 10%. This law allows us to predict the skin dose with irradiation field size for high radiotherapy quality and high protection of organ at risks.
关键词： skin dose,linac,dosimetry,radiotherapy,PDD
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Optical Shielding of Ultracold <sup>39</sup> K-Cs Collision
摘要： To touch and be touched are vital to human development, well-being, and relationships. However, to those who have lost their arms and hands due to accident or war, touching becomes a serious concern that often leads to psychosocial issues and social stigma. In this paper, we demonstrate that the touch from a warm and soft rubber hand can be perceived by another person as if the touch were coming from a human hand. We describe a three-step process toward this goal. First, we made participants select artificial skin samples according to their preferred warmth and softness characteristics. At room temperature, the preferred warmth was found to be 28.4 C at the skin surface of a soft silicone rubber material that has a Shore durometer value of 30 at the OO scale. Second, we developed a process to create a rubber hand replica of a human hand. To compare the skin softness of a human hand and artificial hands, a robotic indenter was employed to produce a softness map by recording the displacement data when constant indentation force of 1 N was applied to 780 data points on the palmar side of the hand. Results showed that an artificial hand with skeletal structure is as soft as a human hand. Lastly, the participants' arms were touched with human and artificial hands, but they were prevented from seeing the hand that touched them. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggests that a warm and soft artificial hand can create an illusion that the touch is from a human hand. These findings open the possibilities for prosthetic and robotic hands that are life-like and are more socially acceptable.
关键词： rubber hand illusion,biomimetics,Artificial skin,prosthetics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59