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Cross-Configuration Substrate Integrated Waveguide Beamforming Network for 1D and 2D Beam Patterns
摘要： This paper presents the simulated and measured results of a dual-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) beamforming network utilizing an 8 × 8 cross-con?guration Butler matrix over a frequency range of 28.5 to 31.5 GHz. By arranging the input ports on the bottom SIW layer and employing dual-layer passband ?lters as a detachment point, the top SIW layer can be interchanged with the purpose of exploring one-dimensional and two-dimensional broadside beam patterns. Although Butler matrices are not typically utilized for beamforming in this con?guration, two examples of interchangeable top layer arrays are demonstrated; the ?rst being a 2 × 8 slot antenna array for 1-D scanning, and the second being a 2 × 4 center-slot array for 2-D scanning. Each of the beamforming network’s simulated and measured 10 dB bandwidth is demonstrated over a range of 28.5 to 31.5 GHz. Additional design details and dimensions are speci?ed for the aforementioned passband ?lter transitions, as well as for each of the slot antenna arrays.
关键词： millimeter-wave,dual-layer SIW ?lters,slot antenna array,Butler matrix,substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Plasmon induced transparency like transmission properties in compact MIM waveguide side-coupled with U-cavity
摘要： Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can overcome the limitation of diffraction and control light at nanoscale, thus becoming a hotspot in recent years. SPPs based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides using U-cavity and slot cavity are designed. The transmission characteristics are numerically simulated and verified by the coupled mode theory (CMT). Meanwhile, the effects of changing the geometric parameters on the transmission characteristics are also studied. Single and double plasmon induced transparency (PIT) effects are realized through the coupling and the destructive interfering between the transmission paths. Furthermore, characteristics of the refractive index sensing as well as the slow light and fast light effects are also investigated. We hope the designed waveguide structures along with their transmission characteristics have potential application prospects in the area of nanoscale integrated optical devices, such as filters, sensors, switches, slow/fast light devices, and other optoelectronic circuits.
关键词： refractive index sensing,slow light,U-cavity,Surface plasmon polaritons,slot cavity,plasmon induced transparency,MIM plasmonic waveguides,fast light
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Planarization of Slot-Die Coated Multilayer Stripes via Pre-drying by a Heating Roll for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Micro-patterning of single-layer thin films in the cross-web (transverse) direction is feasible using a slot-die coating system. For its practical applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), however, the fabrication and planarization of multilayer thin-film stripes are indispensable. We have coated multilayer stripes using an aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and non-aqueous poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and planarized them via pre-drying by a heating roll in a roll-to-roll slot-die coating system. It is demonstrated that the PEDOT:PSS stripe can be planarized at a pre-drying (heating roll) temperature of 40 °C. At higher temperatures, it is found that there appear the evaporation-induced inward and/or outward capillary flows depending on the wet film thickness. Using a low-boiling-point solvent, the PVK stripe coated atop the planarized PEDOT:PSS stripe is shown to be planarized at a pre-drying temperature of 65 °C, the step coverage and thickness uniformity by which are substantially enhanced. Such a planarization scheme also brings in the positive effect on the surface morphology of those stripes. To verify the planarization effect at the device level, we have fabricated phosphorescent OLED stripes. Without planarization, the light-emitting area shrinks and a spot with strong light emission appears, increasing the probability of a short circuit in OLEDs. With planarization, however, we can achieve brighter light emission from OLED stripes with high inter-stripe emission uniformity.
关键词： planarization,Slot-die coating,organic light-emitting diode,heating roll,multilayer stripes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Avionics and Vehicle Fiber-Optics and Photonics Conference (AVFOP) - Arlington, VA, USA (2019.11.5-2019.11.6)] 2019 IEEE Avionics and Vehicle Fiber-Optics and Photonics Conference (AVFOP) - Barium Titanate Electro-Optic Modulators
摘要： Barium titanate is a highly desired material for the development of advanced linear phase modulators due to its exceptional electro-optic coefficient, r51, that is over 20 times larger than the largest used in lithium niobate, r33. While the large r51 value in barium titanate has been reported, its utilization in modulators has been limited due to the difficulty in aligning the optical polarization with the crystal axes to maximize the electro-optic effect. Here we discuss the use of off-diagonal electro-optic tensor elements in thin film barium titanate modulators, present recent results, and go into further detail about the challenges and opportunities of using r51 in modulators.
关键词： barium,optical polarization,birefringence,Electrooptic modulators,nonlinear optics,slot waveguide,titanate
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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One-Body 2-D Beam-Switching Butler Matrix with Waveguide Short-Slot 2-Plane Couplers
摘要： A 42 × 42-way one-body 2-D beam-switching Butler matrix with waveguide short-slot 2-plane couplers is designed and fabricated in the 22 GHz band. The one-body con?guration using the commutativity and the overlapping of units allows reducing the size and loss in comparison with a cascade of matrices beam-switching for the horizontal and the vertical planes. It is achieved by replacing 2×2-way 1-plane couplers in the conventional block con?guration for a Butler matrix with 22 × 22-way 2-plane couplers. The measured bandwidth is approximately 2% restricted by the frequency characteristics of the 2-plane couplers. In the radiation from the aperture array antenna of the 42 output ports, the 3.9 dB-down coverage of 3-D solid angle by the sixteen beams is around 1.72 steradian which is same as 27.4% of hemisphere at the design frequency for the aperture spacing of 0.73 × 0.73 wavelength.
关键词： waveguide short-slot coupler,beam-switching,Butler matrix
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Slot-Die-Printed Two-Dimensional ZrS <sub/>3</sub> Charge Transport Layer for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Liquid phase exfoliation of zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3) was used to produce stable and ready-to-use inks for solution processed semiconductor thin film deposition. Ribbon-like layered crystals of ZrS3 were produced by chemical vapor transport method and were then exfoliated in three different solvents: dimethyl formamide, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. The resulting ZrS3 dispersions were compared for stability and the ability to form continuous films on top of perovskite layer in light-emitting diodes with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbBr3/2D-ZrS3/LiF/Al structure. Film deposition was performed by using either spray or slot-die coating methods. Slot-die coating route proved to produce better and more uniform films with respect to spray-coating. We found that 2D ZrS3 electron injection layer (EIL) stabilized the interface between the perovskite and LiF/Al cathode, reducing the turn-on voltage to 2.8 V and showing a luminance that does not degrade during voltage sweep. On the opposite, EIL-free devices show electroluminescence on the first voltage sweep that reduces almost to zero in the subsequent sweeps. Combining physical device simulation and Density Functional Theory calculation, we are able to explain these results in terms of lowering of electron injection barrier at the cathode.
关键词： perovskite light emitting diodes,slot-die printing,2D materials,exfoliation,transition metal trichalcogenides,ZrS3
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) - Taiyuan, China (2019.7.18-2019.7.21)] 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) - Ridged Waveguide Slot Phased Array for 5G Millimeter-wave Application
摘要： A slotted waveguide phased array based on a single-ridged waveguide (SRWG) with enhanced scanning angle, wide impedance bandwidth and side lobes bandwidth, as well as low cross-polarization is designed. A transition structure is designed to feed the ridge waveguide with polarization torsion and conversion from the ridge waveguide to a standard rectangular waveguide. A single waveguide is divided into two subarrays to achieve small angle scanning in vertical dimension (yoz plane). An 8 × 8 array is designed and simulated to validate the slot antenna design. The bandwidth for VSWR＜2.0 is 3 GHz at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The realized gain at the center frequency is 24.0 dBi with antenna efficiencies better than 83%. The side lobes are controlled lower than -15dB over the entire working frequency, and the array can achieve a horizontal (xoz plane) scanning angle of ±45 °, and vertical scanning angle of ± 3 °, respectively.
关键词： ridge waveguide slot antenna,phased array,low sidelobe
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Wideband Substrate Integrated Waveguide Fed Open Slot Antenna
摘要： In this work, we introduce a new structure of an open slot antenna excited by a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) feed to obtain a wide bandwidth of about 60%. Different from conventional slot antennas, two short sides of the slot are open which do not connect to any metal. To excite the open slot, a SIW section is used as the feed. In this way, the antenna is constructed on a single laminate which includes the feeding structure and the radiator. The open slot structure serves as a single-mode resonator with a low Q-factor, and thus contributes a much wider bandwidth than that of conventional slot antennas simultaneously maintains stable radiation performance. Intensive parametric studies were implemented to provide a design guideline. To verify our design, antenna prototypes were fabricated and measured. The measured results validate that the antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth of 59.3% from 50.8 GHz to 93.6 GHz. Meanwhile, the radiation patterns keep stable over the entire operating frequency band. This new type of slot antenna with wide bandwidth and planar structure is a good candidate for mmW applications.
关键词： wideband antenna,substrate integrated waveguide,millimeter-wave,Slot antenna
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Zero-Birefringence Silicon Slot Waveguides with L-Rails
摘要： Silicon slot waveguides are widely used for photonic sensing [1] and optical signal procesing [2]. We propose a novel slot formed when a sub-micron rib waveguide is slit with vertical symmetry resulting in L shaped rails to have Zero Birefringence (ZB). This geometry gives the flexibility to choose the slab (strip-load) region for doping or modulation. Index modulation of the slab sidewall offers platform for Bragg gratings with sub-nanometer stop bands [3,4]. We show that slots with L-rails possess better confinement and higher tolerance to sidewall width variations compared to strip-rails [5] and ZB can be achieved by engineering the waveguide geometry. Optimal waveguide-dimensions at a wavelength λ = 1550 nm are designed from modal analysis through full-vectorial computations.
关键词： Zero Birefringence,optical signal processing,Silicon slot waveguides,photonic sensing,L-rails
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF A T-JUNCTION OF RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES WITH A MULTI-ELEMENT MONOPOLE-SLOTTED COUPLING STRUCTURE
摘要： Rectangular waveguide junctions are widely used antenna-waveguide devices. For this reason analysis of the impact of impedance insertions on the electrodynamic characteristics of the junctions is of great importance for practical applications. The paper suggests a mathematical model of an E-plane T-junction of rectangular waveguides with a three-element monopole-slot structure of the coupling. The model has been developed on the basis of an approximate analytical solution of the equation set for the currents obtained by the method of induced electro- and magnetomotive forces. A peculiarity of the model is simultaneous consideration of two impedances. These are a variable along the monopole axes surface impedance and a constant impedance distributed across the end face of the lateral semi-infinite waveguide. Multiparametric investigations have been performed of the power characteristics of the junction for the single-mode operation regime of the waveguides, including the case of covering the end face of the lateral waveguide by a metamaterial layer. The possibility is investigated of the efficient use of impedance coats in the capacity of control elements of sharing the power between the output arms of the waveguide junction.
关键词： impedance coating,metamaterial,waveguide junction,resonant slot,impedance monopole
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04