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Solution-Processable All-Small-Molecule for High-Performance Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with High Crystallinity Acceptor
摘要： In this work, two small molecule acceptors (IDIC and IDIC-4F) with different crystallinity and energy level have been successfully applied in nonfullerene-based all-small molecule organic solar cells (NFASM-OSCs). The donor of DFDT(DPP)2 was chosen because of complementary absorption with IDIC and IDIC-4F. As acceptor, IDIC-4F exhibited a higher PCE than IDIC due to better crystallinity. This work not only shows us how to balance the relationship between Voc and Jsc, but also suggests us how to get a good phase separation morphology. Moreover, Increased crystallinity helps to inhibit bimolecular recombination and increase charge mobility. By optimizing device preparation conditions, the best PCE of 9.43% for DFDT(DPP)2 : IDIC-4F as active layer was achieved with excitable Jsc (16.83 mA cm-2) and FF (0.65). The FF and Jsc of resultant device show a significant increased which is among the top efficiencies based on DPP as terminal acceptor groups of NFSM-OSCs reported in document up to now.
关键词： crystallinity,small molecule acceptors,phase separation morphology,nonfullerene organic solar cells,charge mobility
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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New small molecule electrolytes based on tosylate anion for organic solar cells
摘要： Reduction of a Schottky barrier between the active layer and electrodes can play an important role enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), which originated from a favorable interface dipole at the cathode interface. Herein, two new small molecules (SM) electrolytes based on tosylate anions, named 2,2’-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N,N,N-trimethylethananminium) benzenesulfonate (TEG-M-OTs) and 1,1’-bis(1-dodecyl)-4,40-bipyridine-1,10-diium benzenesulfonate (V-C12-OTs), were synthesized to induce the reduction of a Schottky barrier in OSCs. The PCE of devices based on ZnO with TEG-M-OTs or V-C12-OTs as the cathode buffer layer (CBL) was enhanced from 7.48% to 7.74% and 7.88%. In case of ZnO-free devices, the PCE of TEG-M-OTs or V-C12-OTs was achieved up to 4.22% and 6.95%, respectively. The Kelvin probe microscopy was performed by measuring the work function (WF) of SM electrolytes with or without ZnO on the ITO surface. It showed that the WFs of SM electrolytes coated ITO are closer to - 4.02 eV, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of the acceptor, than the WF of MeOH treated ITO with ZnO (- 4.37 eV).
关键词： Schottky barrier,organic solar cells,tosylate anion,power conversion efficiency,small molecule electrolytes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A non-fullerene acceptor based on alkylphenyl substituted benzodithiophene for high efficiency polymer solar cells with a small voltage loss and excellent stability
摘要： In this work, a new non-fullerene small molecule acceptor (NF-SMA) named BP-4F, based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]di(cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene) with 4-(2-ethylhexyl)phenyl conjugated side chains (BDT-P) as an electron-donating core, flanked with the strong electron-withdrawing 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-malononitrile (2FIC) unit, is designed and synthesized for polymer solar cells application. BP-4F exhibits strong absorption in the 550 to 830 nm region with a narrow optical band gap of 1.49 eV, suitable energy levels with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of -3.90 eV and an effective electron mobility of 2.10×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. When blended with the wide bandgap polymer PM6 as the active layer, the polymer solar cells (PSCs) achieve an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.9% with an energy loss (Eloss) as low as 0.59 eV, which is of benefit to overcome the trade-off between Jsc and Voc. Furthremore, the BP-4F-based PSCs achieve an excellent PCE of 12.3% with a device area of 1.10 cm2. Notably, the devices show an excellent storage stability and photo-stability with retaining near 90% of the initial PCE in air under dark and 93.5% in glovebox under continuous illumination for 720 hours, respectively. These results indicate that BP-4F is an effective electron acceptor for high efficiency and stable polymer solar cells.
关键词： PM6,polymer solar cells,energy loss,stability,BP-4F,non-fullerene small molecule acceptor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Chalcogen‐Fused Perylene Diimides‐Based Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for High Performance Organic Solar Cells: Insight into the Effect of O, S and Se
摘要： Three perylene diimide tetramers annulated by oxygen (O), sulfur (S) and selenium (Se), named as SF-4PDI-O, SF-4PDI-S and SF-4PDI-Se, are designed, synthesized and paired with polymeric donor PDBT-T1 to construct OSCs. The heteroatoms’ effect on photoelectric properties, chemical geometry, charge transport, active-layer morphology, and photovoltaic performance are investigated in detail. These PDI acceptors exhibit similar absorption profile; while HOMOs and LUMOs are simultaneously upshifted when heteroatoms are altered from O, S to Se due to the gradually weakening electronegativity. Alongside PDBT-T1, SF-4PDI-O achieved the outstanding PCE of 8.904% with a high FF of 0.706, outcompeting its S-annulated and Se-annulated counterparts. The superiority of PDBT-T1: SF-4PDI-O system lies in stronger crystallinity, more balanced hole and electron mobilities, weaker bimolecular recombination, coupled with more efficient charge transfer and collection. These results shed light on the invention of high-performance PDI acceptors by oxygen-decorated methodology.
关键词： chalcogen,nonfullerene,organic solar cells,perylene diimides,small molecule acceptors
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Control of aggregation and dissolution of small molecules hole transport layer through a doping strategy of highly efficient perovskite solar cell
摘要： Recently, small molecule hole transporting materials (HTLs) have attracted growing interest in perovskite solar cells due to their low-cost, excellent stability and better energy level alignment with perovskite. Nonetheless, an amorphous and coarse surface film is one of the main obstructions to the performance of these small molecule HTLs. Herein, N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) small molecule was doped with a polymer to overcome the formation of molecular aggregation in HTL. This polymer doping strategy resulted into a very smooth surface, which improved photo-physical and electrochemical properties at HTL/perovskite interface. Consequently, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.80%, 32% higher than the control, i.e. NPB-based device (13.57%), has been achieved. This work reveals critical behaviour of molecular aggregations on the performance of perovskite solar cells, which impairs the development of an efficient device based on small molecule HTLs.
关键词： PTAA,aggregation,dissolution,NPB,polymer doping,small molecule
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Fe3O4-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for typical metabolite analysis and localization: Influencing factors, mechanisms, and environmental applications
摘要： Fe3O4 has been suggested as an efficient matrix for small-molecule analysis by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), but thus far there has been no systematic study exploring the influencing factors of nano-Fe3O4 on the detection of typical metabolites, or the mechanism by which nano-Fe3O4 assists the desorption and ionization of analytes after receiving laser energy. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties were synthesized and characterized. The results revealed that smaller particle size and greater surface hydroxyl amount of nano-spherical Fe3O4 could improve the intensity and relative standard deviation of typical metabolites by LDI-MS. The thermally driven desorption process played a vital role in LDI performance, but the chemical interactions between nano-Fe3O4 and analytes did not. Good intra- or inter-spot repeatability and linearity of analytes were obtained by the optimum Fe3O4-assisted LDI-MS. Finally, the developed method was successfully used for the rapid analysis and localization of endogenous metabolites in biofluids and whole zebrafish tissue section samples. Our results not only elucidate the influencing factors and mechanisms of nano-Fe3O4 for the detection of typical metabolites in LDI-MS but also reveal an innovative tool for the imaging of chemicals in the regions of interest in terms of eco-toxicological research.
关键词： time-of-flight mass spectrometry,physicochemical property,small-molecule metabolite,Fe3O4,laser desorption ionization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Mitochondria-Targeting Identification of a Fluorescent Apoptosis-Triggering Molecule by Mass Spectrometry Unravels Drug Tracking
摘要： The real-time tracking of localization and dynamics of small molecules in organelles helps to understand their function and lock their potential targets at the subcellular resolution. To identify the mitochondria-targeting effect of small molecules (NA-17 and NA-2a) in cancer cells, we used mass spectrometry to study the distribution and enrichment of small molecules in mitochondria and the residual cytoplasm, which enables to trace action process of therapeutic molecules. Colocalization analysis with an image-guided way suggests that both NA-17 and NA-2a have mitochondria-targeting effect. However, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis reveals that only NA-2a has mitochondria-targeting and enrichment effect, whereas NA-17 only distributes in the residual cytoplasm. A combination of mitochondria imaging, immunoblotting, and MS analysis in mitochondria indicate that NA-17 neither have the ability to enter mitochondria directly nor possess mitochondria-targeting effect. Further studies reveal that NA-17 could not enter mitochondria even though mitochondrial permeability has changed after NA-17 treatment in cells, evident by the ROS generation and cytochrome C release. In the process of cellular metabolism, NA-17 itself is firmly locked in the cytoplasm during the metabolic process, and its metabolites containing fluorophores could enrich in mitochondria for cell-imaging. Our present studies furnish new insights into drug metabolism process.
关键词： small molecule,mitochondria-targeting,mass spectrometry,drug tracking
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Amplified Split Aptamer Sensor Delivered Using Block Copolymer Nanoparticles for Small Molecule Imaging in Living Cells
摘要： We develop a novel amplified split aptamer sensor for highly sensitive detection and imaging of small molecules in living cells by using cationic block copolymer nanoparticles (BCNs) with entrapped fluorescent conjugated polymer as a delivery agent. The design of split aptamer as the initiator of hybridization chain reaction (HCR) affords the possibility of enhancing the signal-to-background ratio and thus allows high-contrast imaging for small molecules with relatively weak interactions with their aptamers. The novel design of using fluorescent cationic BCNs as the nanocarrier enables efficient and self-tracking transfection of DNA probes. Results reveal that BCNs exhibit high fluorescence brightness allowing direct tracking of the delivery location. The developed amplified split aptamer sensor is shown to have high sensitivity and selectivity for in vitro quantitative detection of ATP with a detection limit of 30 nM. Live cell studies show that the sensor provides a "signal on" approach for specific, high-contrast imaging of ATP. The DNA sensor based HCR system may provide a new generally applicable platform for detection and imaging of low-abundance biomarkers.
关键词： sensor,small molecule imaging,enzyme-free amplification,block copolymer nanoparticles,split aptamer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Recent Developments and Applications of Photoconjugation Chemistry
摘要： Understanding of biological systems has always been the general interest in chemical biology, and chemical modifications of biomolecules are often required to elucidate their functions and properties. There has thus been a rapid development of covalent chemistries for the modification of macromolecules. Among these strategies, photochemistry provides the advantage of using biocompatible light as an energy source to trigger bioconjugation reactions; this circumvents the use of toxic reagents (e.g. metal catalysts and chelating ligands). Light-induced chemistry can achieve precise spatial and temporal conjugation of biomolecules in their native environment.
关键词： Chemical biology,Photoconjugation,Bioorthogonal ligation,Small molecule probe
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - Austin, TX, USA (2018.9.24-2018.9.26)] 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) - A Compact Model of Drift and Diffusion Memristor Applied in Neuron Circuits Design
摘要： A compact model of memristor for unifying two switch characteristics, drift and diffusion has been proposed, based on the ion dynamic transport theory at the oxide interface layer. The model is verified by measured data in different oxide-material-based drift/diffusion memristors, and well fits DC/AC characteristics of both devices, under parameter variations and temperature evolution. Moreover, the applications of this model in neuron circuits design are shown.
关键词： adsorption effect,boron nitride nanotubes,first-principles calculations,small molecule
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46