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Facile enhancement of bulk heterojunction solar cells performance by utilizing PbSe nanorods decorated with graphene
摘要： An efficient approach for improving the photoelectrical conversion efficiency (PCE) of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acidmethyl ester (PC61BM), by the incorporating PbSe nanorods decorated with graphene (G) into their active layer has been reported for the first time. Pristine PbSe and PbSe:G composites (with different amount of graphene) are synthesized via hydrothermal process and the formation mechanism is explained. The systematic investigation indicates that the crystallite size of PbSe:G increases with increasing graphene content. The PCE of the classical BHJ solar cells based on P3HT:PC61BM is improved from 2.32 up to 2.57 % by the incorporation of pristine PbSe. It is also enhanced by the incorporation of PbSe:G up to certain composition of graphene in which a maximum PCE value of 5.16 % is achieved. The external quantum efficiency of the BHJ solar cells is also investigated. The photovoltaic parameters are discussed based on the morphology variation detected by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope of the active layer together with their UV-VIS absorption measurements.
关键词： Graphene,optical absorption,PbSe nanorods,surface morphology,BHJ solar cells
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Fabrication of highly efficient and stable hole‐transport material free perovskite solar cells through morphology and interface engineering: full ambient process
摘要： Carbon based hole-transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with low cost and high stability have attracted research interests. Here, we report a facile way to improve the performance of HTM free PVSCs by employing two strategies: firstly, adding a small amount of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in lead iodide (PbI2)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution to improve the quality of perovskite film; secondly, introducing an ultra-thin Al2O3 film at the interface of TiO2/perovskite to reduce charge recombination. THF is found to facilitate the formation of homogenous perovskite films with better coverage, while the ultra-thin Al2O3 layer will avoid the direct contact of TiO2 with CH3NH3PbI3. The Al2O3 layer can effectively block holes and prevents charge recombination, thus lead to a dramatic improvement of open circuit voltage and fill factor in PVSCs. Moreover, our PVSCs show excellent long term stability with no degradation for 1000 hours under ambient conditions. We provide a facile way for the future commercialization of efficient low-cost HTM-free PVSCs.
关键词： hole conductor free,interface engineering,perovskite solar cells,high stability
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Enhanced electrical conductivity of transparent electrode using metal microfiber networks for gridless thin-film solar cells
摘要： Improving the optical transmittance and electrical conductivity in transparent conductors (TC) has been a critical issue for decades due to their numerous applications. In this paper, we suggest an approach to produce extremely conductive TC material from electroplated Ni microfiber networks (NiMFs) in order to achieve highly efficient and aesthetically superior thin-film solar cells and modules. The high cross-sectional aspect ratio of NiMFs significantly enhanced their electrical conductivity and optical transmittance simultaneously. The TC structure employing NiMFs was a successful substitute for conventional patterned grids in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells because it reduced the series resistance, which is especially advantageous for large-area cells. The NiMF-induced transmittance loss was compensated for by the formation of a light diffusion layer on the NiMF. We propose that the excellent performance of NiMF TC materials enables the elimination or significant reduction of the grids in thin-film solar cells and modules.
关键词： Ni fibers,Gridless,Thin-film solar cells,Transparent electrodes
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Advanced Graphene-Based Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： New architectures of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) incorporating graphene monolayers in different configurations have been explored with the aim to improve the performance of silicon-heterojunction (SHJ) cell front transparent contacts. In SHJ technology, front electrodes play an important additional role as anti-reflectance (AR) coatings. In this work, different transparent-conductive-oxide (TCO) thin films have been combined with graphene monolayers in different configurations, yielding advanced transparent electrodes specifically designed to minimize surface reflection over a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence and to improve electrical performance. A preliminary analysis reveals a strong dependence of the optoelectronic properties of the TCEs on (i) the order in which the different thin films are deposited or the graphene is transferred and (ii) the specific TCO material used. The results shows a clear electrical improvement when three graphene monolayers are placed on top on 80-nm-thick ITO thin film. This optimum TCE presents sheet resistances as low as 55 ?/sq and an average conductance as high as 13.12 mS. In addition, the spectral reflectance of this TCE also shows an important reduction in its weighted reflectance value of 2–3%. Hence, the work undergone so far clearly suggests the possibility to noticeably improve transparent electrodes with this approach and therefore to further enhance silicon-heterojunction cell performance. These results achieved so far clearly open the possibility to noticeably improve TCEs and therefore to further enhance SHJ contact-technology performance.
关键词： transparent electrodes,silicon heterojunction solar devices,graphene
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Encapsulated Textile Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Coating
摘要： Solution based processes such as screen printing and spray coating are established processes for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) on flexible polymer substrates. However, realizing a flexible solar cell on a textile substrate remains a significant challenge due to the properties of the textile itself, which can present an absorbent, rough and fibrous surface. The textile also limits processing temperatures which can reduce functional materials performance. In this work, we demonstrate an optimized fabrication approach using entirely spray coating to fabricate textile OSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.4 %. An interface layer is first deposited on the standard woven textile that forms a smooth supporting layer for the subsequent spray coated functional layers. A top encapsulation layer is deposited on top of the fabricated textile OSCs, which improves the durability and life time of the OSCs is evidenced by cyclic bending test.
关键词： Textile solar cells,solution processed fabric solar cells,spray coated solar cells,printed organic photovoltaics,fabric solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Characterization of the solar climate in Malawi using NASAs surface meteorology and solar energy (SSE) model
摘要： This paper presents the characterization of global solar radiation (GSR) for Malawi using NASA’s SSE model. The mean monthly daily GSR monthly variation in the three regions of Malawi has been investigated. It has been found that there is a general gradient in GSR in the north-south direction. This gradient correlates well with the variation of the clearness index in the same direction (r = 0.986). It has been observed that the GSR is characteristic of each region. Simple analytic polynomials have been proposed for estimating solar radiation in the traditional Northern, Central and Southern regions of Malawi. There is a strong agreement between the polynomials and the SSE model with R2 values of 0.988, 0.989 and 0.989 and root mean square errors of 0.061, 0.057 and 0.062 kWh/m2.day for the regions, respectively.
关键词： surface meteorology and solar energy (SSE) model,global solar radiation,Malawi,solar climate
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Design and characterization of the non-uniform solar flux distribution measurement system
摘要： It is important to accurately measure the solar flux distribution on the heated surface for the utilization of solar energy. To this end, in this paper a new measurement system was proposed to measure the solar flux distribution of the absorber tube surface by taking advantage of the end loss effect. The new measurement system does not disturb the collected lights path and influence the operation of the solar collector. The solar flux distribution at different angles can be measured with a few number of heat flux gage by rotating the proposed solar flux measurement system. Compared with existing measurement techniques, the proposed solar flux measurement system has distinct advantages such as simple structure, flexible and reliable operation and easy application. An experimental platform was designed and constructed, and the solar flux distributions on the outer surface of the absorber under different conditions are measured. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed measurement method are validated by comparing the experiment results and the numerical simulation results.
关键词： solar flux distribution,solar flux measurement system,parabolic trough solar collector,experimental investigation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Analysis of optical and thermal factors’ effects on the transient performance of parabolic trough solar collectors
摘要： Solar resources are inherently unsteady and their energy density on the earth is low. Thereby, when the solar energy is converted into thermal energy through concentrating the sunlight, how to predict the transient performance of parabolic trough solar collectors under the operating conditions is necessary for the steady useful output and the efficient use of the energy. So this paper describes a mathematical model of the transient thermal behaviors of parabolic trough solar collectors. Then, to validate this transient model, its numerical results are compared with the experimental data. These data were collected from a utility-scale loop of parabolic trough solar collectors. The comparison between the model predictions and the experimental data shows a consistent and reasonable agreement. Furthermore, the primary interest of this study is to determine how the temperature distributions of the absorber, the glass envelope and the heat transfer fluid evolve from initial conditions with specified optical and thermal parameters. Thus, this model is used to carry out parametric studies to make analyses of essential impact factors on transient behaviors of parabolic trough solar collectors. These factors include the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the inlet, the initial conditions, and the optical efficiency. Moreover, this model has the function of continuous adjustment of the flow rate to satisfy the requirement of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet according to varying boundary conditions. Hence, another analysis is performed to investigate transient processes when the flow rate is continuously adjusted at various DNI ramp rates.
关键词： Concentrating solar power,Transient model,Parabolic trough solar collector,Solar heating and cooling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effects of Metal Dopings on CuCr <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> Pigment for Use in Concentrated Solar Power Solar Selective Coatings
摘要： The process of fabricating the solar absorbing spinel-structured CuCr2O4 black oxide pigment doped with different metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Al, Zn, and Sn) was discovered to improve the solar selective property. Manganese stands out as an ideal dopant to Copper Chromite (CuCr2O4) for highly solar absorptive pigments compared to the other metal dopings. XRD analysis confirmed that various molar ratio of CuCr(2-x)MnxO4 spinel black oxides were successfully fabricated. Mn-doped black oxide has the highest absorptivity (the lowest band gap value of 1.35 eV) among other metal doping black oxides produced by the hydrothermal synthesis. Manganese is the only dopant that suppresses reflectance peaks exhibited by the copper chromium oxide at 1 μm and 1.5 μm in the light spectrum, raising the solar absorptivity of the pigment. Different manganese doping compositions are introduced to CuCr(2-x)MnxO4 where x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, and 1.9. The high selective solar absorptivity appears after 100% (x=1) manganese doping with solar absorbance 0.9874 and a Figure of Merit (FOM) value of 0.9284.
关键词： Concentrated Solar Power,Solar selective coating,Solar-absorbing pigment,Black paint,Spinel black oxide.
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Sky camera geometric calibration using solar observations
摘要： A camera model and associated automated calibration procedure for stationary daytime sky imaging cameras is presented. The specific modeling and calibration needs are motivated by remotely deployed cameras used to forecast solar power production where cameras point skyward and use 180° fisheye lenses. Sun position in the sky and on the image plane provides a simple and automated approach to calibration; special equipment or calibration patterns are not required. Sun position in the sky is modeled using a solar position algorithm (requiring latitude, longitude, altitude and time as inputs). Sun position on the image plane is detected using a simple image processing algorithm. The performance evaluation focuses on the calibration of a camera employing a fisheye lens with an equisolid angle projection, but the camera model is general enough to treat most fixed focal length, central, dioptric camera systems with a photo objective lens. Calibration errors scale with the noise level of the sun position measurement in the image plane, but the calibration is robust across a large range of noise in the sun position. Calibration performance on clear days ranged from 0.94 to 1.24 pixels root mean square error.
关键词： fisheye lens,geometric calibration,camera model,sky camera,solar observations,solar power forecasting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52