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Iodine Induced PbI <sub/>2</sub> Porous Morphology Manipulation for High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The quality of the perovskite film has a vital influence on the performance of perovskite solar cells and it is quite desirable to simultaneously manipulate the crystallization and morphology of the perovskite film. In this study, conventional PbI2 is replaced with a PbI2/I2 mixed precursor during the first step of sequential deposition, causing the formation of a PbI2 porous nanostructure. By changing the content of I2 in the precursor, the morphology of the PbI2 film as well as the resulting perovskite film can be successfully modulated. With an optimal content of I2, a high-quality perovskite film with a pure phase and smooth surface can be achieved. As a result, the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells using a PbI2/I2 mixed precursor can be as high as 18.63%, compared to 16.89% for the reference device through traditional sequential deposition with a pure PbI2 precursor.
关键词： porous PbI2,iodine,perovskite,sequential deposition,solar cell
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Fusing Nanowires into Thin Films: Fabrication of Graded‐Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently experienced a rapid rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the prevailing PSCs with conventional mesoscopic or planar device architectures still contain nonideal perovskite/hole-transporting-layer (HTL) interfaces, limiting further enhancement in PCE and device stability. In this work, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires are employed for modifying the surface electronic states of bulk perovskite thin films, forming compositionally-graded heterojunction at the perovskite/HTL interface of PSCs. The nanowire morphology is found to be key to achieving lateral homogeneity in the perovskite film surface states resulting in a near-ideal graded heterojunction. The hidden role of such lateral homogeneity on the performance of graded-heterojunction PSCs is revealed for the first time. The resulting PSCs show high PCE up to 21.4%, as well as high operational stability, which is superior to control PSCs fabricated without CsPbBr3-nanocrystals modification and with CsPbBr3-nanocubes modification. This study demonstrates the promise of controlled hybridization of perovskite nanowires and bulk thin films for more efficient and stable PSCs.
关键词： nanocrystals,morphology control,heterojunction,solar cells,halide perovskites
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Multifunctional atomic force probes for Mn2+ doped perovskite solar cells
摘要： Doping in organic–inorganic perovskite semiconductors is an effective method to tailor their optoelectronic properties. In this work, manganese-doped perovskite films with different Mn/Pb ratios ranging from 0% to 2% were systematically studied. The device performance of 0.2% Mn-doped devices was improved compared to that of a device without Mn. However, a further increase of the doping concentration induced a decrease in performance. Several characteristics (especially different scanning probe microscopy characteristics) reveal that an increased dopant concentration results in reduced crystallinity and a change in the film morphology and causes a deterioration in photovoltaic performance for higher dopant concentrations. In the best-performing samples (0.2%), a shift in the valence band level and band gap are found which are responsible for the increased open circuit voltage, while increased grain boundaries and lower surface charge density are responsible for a small reduction in the short circuit current. Thus, multifunctional scanning probe microscopy approaches, combined with different film characterization techniques, offer us effective tools to investigate the impact of doping in the perovskite materials and the corresponding device performance.
关键词： EFM,SKPM,C-AFM,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Perovskite solar cells based on polyaniline derivatives as hole transport materials
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been extensively studied over the past few years in both academia and industry. Despite their appeal as a low cost and ease processing PV-technology, PSC still rely on materials that are expensive, turning the large-scale production more challenging. In this work, polyaniline (PAni) and its derivative poly(o-methoxyaniline) are employed as hole transport material (HTM) in PSC, replacing the most explored HTM, spiro-OMeTAD. These very well established conducting polymers are doped with 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) to enhance their conductivity. The correlation between the performance of the solar cells using doped and undoped conducting polymers and different metallic contacts are also evaluated. The best power conversion efficiency was 10.05% using doped PAni-DBSA with Au as contact, which is similar to the performance exhibited by our standard device using Spiro-OMeTAD as HTM.
关键词： hole transport material,perovskite solar cells,polyaniline
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Steady Enhancement in Photovoltaic Properties of Fluorine Functionalized Quinoxaline-Based Narrow Bandgap Polymer
摘要： To investigate the influence of fluoride phenyl side-chains onto a quinoxaline (Qx) unit on the photovoltaic performance of the narrow bandgap (NBG) photovoltaic polymers, herein, two novel NBG copolymers, PBDTT-DTQx and PBDTT-DTmFQx, were synthesized and characterized. 2-ethylhexylthiothiophene-substituted benzodithiophene (BDTT), 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (DQx) [or 2,3-bis(3-fluorophenyl)quinoxaline (DmFQx)] and 2-ethylhexylthiophene (T) were used as the electron donor (D) unit, electron-withdrawing acceptor (A) unit and π-bridge, respectively. Compared to non-fluorine substituted PBDTT-DTQx, fluoride PBDTT-DTmFQx exhibited a wide UV-Vis absorption spectrum and high hole mobility. An enhanced short-circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) simultaneously gave rise to favorable efficiencies in the polymer/PC71BM-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). Under the illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW cm?2), a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.40% was achieved with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.87 V, a Jsc of 12.0 mA cm?2 and a FF of 61.45% in PBDTT-DTmFQx/PC71BM-based PSCs, while PBDTT-DTQx-based devices also exhibited a PCE of 5.43%. The excellent results obtained demonstrate that PBDTT-DTmFQx by fluorine atom engineering could be a promising candidate for organic photovoltaics.
关键词： quinoxaline,synthesis,polymer solar cells,bulk heterojunction,narrow bandgap conjugated polymer
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Demonstration of Photovoltaic Action and Enhanced Stability from a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Copper–Halide Material Incorporating Divalent Organic Groups
摘要： Commercialization of solar cells based on photoactive lead–halide perovskites is in-part limited by their toxicity and instability. In this study, new and related copper–halide hybrid organic–inorganic materials containing dicationic 1,6-hexanediammonium (+H3N-C6H12-NH3+) demonstrated superior stability to heat and moisture in comparison to the analogous material containing monocationic 1-propylammonium (C3H7-NH3+) in twice the stoichiometry. Electronic absorption spectra taken of the materials were consistent with an indirect optical bandgap of ~1.8 eV, making them well-suited for application as the photoactive layer in the top cell of a tandem solar cell with silicon. The best-performing single-junction solar cells containing the dicationic material as the photoactive layer exhibited an open-circuit photovoltage in excess of 400 mV and a short-circuit photocurrent density of ~30 μA/cm2. These values are similar to those reported for state-of-the-art copper–halide hybrid organic–inorganic materials containing organic monocations and motivate further research on this class of materials.
关键词： photovoltaic,two-dimensional material,dications,solar cell,copper halide,hybrid material,stability,perovskite
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots: Optical properties modification and photovoltaic applications
摘要： In this work, we utilize a bottom-up approach to synthesize nitrogen self-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) from a single glucosamine precursor via an eco-friendly microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Structural and optical properties of as-produced NGQDs are further modified using controlled ozone treatment. Ozone-treated NGQDs (Oz-NGQDs) are reduced in size to 5.5 nm with clear changes in the lattice structure and ID/IG Raman ratios due to the introduction/alteration of oxygen-containing functional groups detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and further verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showing increased atomic/weight percentage of oxygen atoms. Along with structural modifications, GQDs experience decrease in ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption coupled with progressive enhancement of visible (up to 16 min treatment) and near-infrared (NIR) (up to 45 min treatment) fluorescence. This allows fine-tuning optical properties of NGQDs for solar cell applications yielding controlled emission increase, while controlled emission quenching was achieved by either blue laser or thermal treatment. Optimized Oz-NGQDs were further used to form a photoactive layer of solar cells with a maximum efficiency of 2.64% providing a 6-fold enhancement over untreated NGQD devices and a 3-fold increase in fill factor/current density. This study suggests simple routes to alter and optimize optical properties of scalably produced NGQDs to boost the photovoltaic performance of solar cells.
关键词： photovoltaics,optical properties,ozone treatment,nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots,solar cells
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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New Strategy to Overcome the Instability That Could Speed up the Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Current efficiency of perovskite solar cells has reached 23.7%, which is comparable with silicon solar cells. However commercial development is seriously hindered by the instability of the perovskite, especially under moisture conditions. Therefore it is crucial to gain clear understanding of the mechanism of degradation of organic–inorganic perovskite in order to achieve stable perovskite devices. In this paper, the formation and the degradation of perovskite film on different charge transport layers such as a compact TiO2 layer, compact ZnO layer, and ZnO foil, Si nanowires, and porous Si are studied. In addition, density functional theory studies are carried out to better understand the interaction between the perovskite film and substrates. Experimental and theoretical results are combined to draw more reliable conclusion regarding the degradation mechanism. Most notably, the investigations show that the interaction between the iodine (I) atom in the perovskite layer and substrate determine the stability of perovskite cells. As a result, Si has minimum interaction with I atoms and shows maximum stability, while perovskite film degrades on TiO2 film almost immediately.
关键词： degradation,stability,perovskite solar cells,mechanism
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Synthesis and characterization of novel benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimide acceptors: Regulate photovoltaic performance via structural isomerism
摘要： Two isomeric benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimides, BPDI-1 and BPDI-2, are designed and synthesized via photo-induced ring-closure reaction between perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor and both isomeric benzodithiophene donor cores, including benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (BDP) and benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (BdT). The effect of structural isomerism on the molecular geometry, absorption, energy level, film morphology as well as photovoltaic performance is comparatively studied. It is found that the variation of the S atom substituted position in the donor cores results in distinct molecular geometries for the newly-developed BPDI-1 and BPDI-2 acceptors. Compared with BDP-containing BPDI-1, the incorporation of BdT core endows BPDI-2 with a remarkably enhanced backbone distortion. When blended with the commercially available polymer donor (PTB7-Th), such twisted structure feature for the BPDI-2 acceptor plays a key role in reducing molecule aggregation, which is helpful for the enhancements of short-circuit current density and photovoltaic efficiency effectively. As a result, non-fullerene solar cells fabricated from BPDI-2 acceptor achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency (4.44%) than that of BPDI-1 (2.98%), mainly benefited from superior short-circuit current density. This work provides us comparative understanding of isomeric geometry and device performance.
关键词： Benzodithiophene,Molecular geometry,Non-fullerene organic solar cells,Perylene diimide derivatives
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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New insights into active-area-dependent performance of hybrid perovskite solar cells
摘要： The morphology of hybrid perovskite thin films depends strongly on the processing parameters due to its complex crystallization kinetics from a solution to solid perovskite halide phase. It is also profoundly sensitive to the device area of the deposited thin film, and hence reproducible photoconversion efficiency (PCE) remained a bottleneck for the fabrication of efficient photovoltaic devices having large active area. The present work focuses on the investigations of the relationship between perovskite ink concentration-dependent quality of the perovskite overlayer and PCE of the perovskite solar cells (PSC) while scaling-up process. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the surface coverage of perovskite overlayer depends on the concentration of perovskite solution and device area. The active-area-dependent current density (J)-voltage (V) and external quantum efficiency measurements identify morphology-dependent variation in charge-transport/recombination pathways. We confirmed that among different precursor concentrations, 40 wt% perovskite ink is suitable to produce uniform perovskite overlayer over 1 cm2. As a result, highly reproducible PCE * 13% has been achieved for the PSC having an active area of 1 cm2. Overall, our findings significantly provide new insights into the active-area-dependent PCE of PSC.
关键词： morphology,hybrid perovskite,charge-transport,photoconversion efficiency,solar cells,recombination pathways
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42