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MAPbI3/agarose photoactive composite for highly stable unencapsulated perovskite solar cells in humid environment
摘要： Perovskite solar cells, bearing the merits of facile preparaion and remarkable efficiency, has great potential for bringing the photovoltaic industry to a new generation. The photovoltaic market demands high-efficiency, high stability and low-cost fabrication of perovksite solar cells, especially stability to the humid environment for operation. Here, MAPbI3/agarose photoactive material for humid stable unencapsulated devices has been proposed. These solar cells have been operated in ambient humid environment without glove box, exhibiting efficiency up to 14.66% and retain 90% of its PCE after 1392 h and 60% of initial PCE after 1972 h in ambient humid environment (RH>70%) without encapsulation. FTIR and XPS measurements reveal two critical factors for the improved stability. The molecular level interactions between agarose and MAPbI3 passivates the grain boundaries of perovskite thus preventing its degradation. Moreover, the formation of Li+-agarose complex at the interface between perovskite layer and hole conductive layer, effectively prevents the water uptake of MAPbI3 layer. Both effects of passivation and minimization of hygroscopicity of LiTFSI by agarose lower the decomposition speed of perovskite, which obviously increases the power efficiency and stability of device.
关键词： humid stability mechanism,perovskite solar cells,MAPbI3/agarose photoactive composite
更新于2025-11-14 15:24:45
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Near-infrared (NIR) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of novel functional phenothiazines for potential use in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used to investigate the interaction between six novel phenothiazine-merocyanine dyes containing the three different functional groups rhodanine, 1,3-indanedione and cyanoacylic acid with plasmonic nanomaterials, to decide if the incorporation of plasmonic nanoparticles could enhance the efficiency of a Gr?tzel-type solar cell. The studies were carried out in the solution state using spherical and rod-shaped gold nanostructures. With KCl induced agglomerated spherical gold nanoparticles, forming SERS hot spots, the results showed low detection limits between 0.1 mmol L?1 for rhodanine containing phenothiazine dyes, because of the formation of Au–S bonds and 3 mmol L?1 for cyanoacrylic acid containing dyes, which formed H-aggregates in the watery dispersion. Results with gold nanorods showed similar trends in the SERS measurements with lower limits of detection, because of a shielding effect from the strongly-bound surfactant. Additional fluorescence studies were carried out to determine if the incorporation of nanostructures leads to fluorescence quenching. Overall we conclude that the addition of gold nanoparticles to rhodanine and 1,3-indanedione containing phenothiazine merocyanine dyes could enhance their performance in Gr?tzel-type solar cells, because of their strong interactions with plasmonic nanoparticles.
关键词： surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,plasmonic nanoparticles,dye sensitized solar cells,phenothiazine-merocyanine dyes,Near-infrared
更新于2025-11-14 15:16:37
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Pressure effects in RF and DC sputtered Sb2Te3 thin films and its applications into solar cells
摘要： In this work we developed the synthesis and characterization of Sb2Te3 thin films, which were grown by RF as well as DC sputtering as a function of the deposition pressure (Pd), 5–15 mTorr. Sb2Te3 films were characterized through X-Ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and electrical resistivity measurements. As a part, contact layer, of the CdTe-based Solar Cell, Current-Voltage (I–V) as well as External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) measurements were carried out. Our results indicate that the radio-frequency sputtered Sb2Te3 are polycrystalline with predominant rhombohedral crystalline structure, whereas the DC-sputtered films crystallized mainly in the monoclinical structure. Both set of samples showed a resistivity of the order of 10?4 Ω-cm. Concerning the CdTe-based solar cell, the incorporation of the Sb2Te3 as a back surface film in the back contact improves the solar cell efficiency up to 8.01%, 10 mTorr pressures into the growth chamber, as compared to the CdTe-based solar cell, 4.82% efficiency, without the Sb2Te3 layer.
关键词： p+ material,CdTe solar cells,Sputtering RF and DC,Sb2Te3
更新于2025-11-14 15:15:56
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Performance optimization of bi-layer solar steam generation system through tuning porosity of bottom layer
摘要： In recent years, solar steam generation has attracted many attentions due to its potential applications in desalination, etc. In the present work, a bi-layer solar steam generation system is prepared by daubing carbon particles on the sintered sawdust film, which possesses an advantage of adjustable porosities compared to widely used wood. Then, the influence of the porosity on the evaporation performance is explored. The experimental result indicates that: the porosity could significantly affect the water transportation in the film, and the water diffusivity increases almost linearly with the increase of the porosity. The evaporation efficiency increases with the increasing porosity, until the porosity reaches about 0.52 then decrease slowly. The positive effect of the increased water diffusivity and the negative effect of the increased thermal conductivity of the bottom film layer determine that the porosity of 0.52 is optimal for improving the evaporation efficiency. Under a solar light power of 1 kW·m?2, the optimal porosity gives an evaporation efficiency of 77.64%, which is comparable to the best performance of bi-layer systems reported in previous works. The conduction of heat through the bottom layer to the bulk water and the convection heat loss on the top surface contribute 83% to the total heat losses in the system, suggesting that the energy losses of these two modes should be further reduced in the future applications. Considering the accessible materials, easy preparation, low cost and high efficiency, we conclude that the 0.52-porosity system is suitable for being used as an efficient solar steam generation device.
关键词： Solar steam generation,Thermal conductivity,Solar energy,Porous material
更新于2025-11-14 15:14:40
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Study of the photoresponse of a titanium anode coated with solution-processed fullerene-containing metal porphyrin/phthalocyanine films
摘要： The present paper deals with the recent studies on the preparation of porphyrin-based donor-acceptor complexes capable of photoinduced electron transfer for solution-processed organic solar cells. Here the synthesis and chemical structure of (octakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyaninato) cobalt(II) (1) and (2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethyl,13,17-diethyl,5-(2-pyridyl)porphinato) manganese(III) chloride (2) are performed and self-assembly in toluene solution of 1 and 1′-N-methyl-2′-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrrolidino[3′,4′:1,2][60]fullerene (PyC60) were discussed in more details. The structure of the obtained dyad 1-PyC60 is con?rmed by means of chemical thermodynamics/kinetics, UV–vis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical studies of the phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad and its precursors were carried out by voltammetry and amperometry methods. A comparative analysis of the photoelectrochemical characteristics obtained in this paper and these for recent described cobalt(II)/manganese(III) porphyrin/phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads are introduced from which ideas for the future design of high performance organic solar cells will be developed.
关键词： donor-acceptor complexes,organic solar cells,phthalocyanine,photoinduced electron transfer,fullerene,porphyrin
更新于2025-11-14 15:14:40
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Improve the crystallinity and morphology of perovskite films by suppressing the formation of intermediate phase of CH3NH3PbCl3
摘要： Crystallinity and morphology of perovskite films can greatly influence the performance of perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs) in terms of charge carrier generation and transportation. Incorporation of Cl (from either PbCl2 or CH3NH3Cl) in crystal growth of CH3NH3PbI3 is known as an effective method to acquire larger crystal grains and longer carrier diffusion length. It has been reported that an intermediate phase of CH3NH3PbCl3 was usually observed during crystallization, which should be critical to the quality of the resulting perovskite, however, how the intermediate phase influence the crystal growth was lack of comprehensive understanding. In this study, through varying the mixing ratio of the precursors PbI2:2CH3NH3I and PbCl2:3CH3NH3I, we were able to systematically tune the content and the converting time of CH3NH3PbCl3. We found that suppressing the formation of CH3NH3PbCl3 within the as-cast films can effectively improve the quality (crystallinity and morphology) of the resulting perovskite films. The improvement led to significant enhancement of the performance of the corresponding p-i-n planar Pero-SCs. Under optimized conditions, the best PCE was increased from 12.8% to 16.2%, which should be attributed to the alleviated charge recombination due to the improved quality of perovskite films by suppressing the formation of CH3NH3PbCl3.
关键词： morphology and crystallinity,perovskite solar cells,CH3NH3PbCl3,intermediate phase,charge recombination
更新于2025-11-14 15:13:28
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Stabilizing silver window electrodes for organic photovoltaics using a mercaptosilane monolayer
摘要： A single layer of the bifunctional molecule 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is shown to be remarkably effective at improving the stability of optically thin silver film electrodes towards spontaneous morphological change and oxidation by airborne sulfur. Inclusion of this layer in the novel transparent electrode; WO3 (30 nm) / silver (13 nm) / sol-gel ZnO (27 nm), at the silver / ZnO interface improves the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices using this electrode by 20%, such that the power conversion efficiency is very close to that achievable using a conventional indium-tin oxide glass electrode; 9.6 % – 0.2 % vs 10.0 % – 0.3 %, with the advantage that the silver electrode has a sheet resistance one third that of the ITO glass ((cid:3)4 Ohms sq-1). The mercaptosilane monolayer is also shown to retard silver diffusion into the ZnO layer whilst imparting a favorable (cid:3)400 meV reduction in electrode work function. In addition to its utility inside the device, this molecular layer is shown to be useful for improving the stability of the silver film electrodes in top-illuminated semi-transparent photovoltaics, since it can be deposited directly onto a completed device from the vapor phase.
关键词： organic photovoltaic,silane,transparent electrode,silver electrode,3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane,Monolayer,work function,organic solar cell
更新于2025-11-03 10:59:25
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Evaluation of solar factor using spectral analysis for CdTe photovoltaic glazing
摘要： Solar and luminous light transmission control using Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) based PV glazing systems (15cm × 15 cm × 0.6 cm) were evaluated in this work. Indoor spectral characterisation showed that average solar transmission for investigated three different CdTe glazing systems were 5.77% (CdTe1), 9.54% (CdTe2) and 12.34% (CdTe3). Spectral behaviour of reflections in the range of solar and visible wavelengths was similar for these three different transparent CdTe glazing. Near infrared (NIR) reflection was higher compared to luminous reflection after 1500 nm for all three glazing systems. Solar factor (SF) for CdTe1, CdTe2 and CdTe3 glazing were 0.23, 0.28, 0.26. CdTe3 is the best candidate for glazing application as it has 113% higher luminous transmission while SF only increases by 21% compared to CdTe1.
关键词： transmission,reflection,solar factor,glazing,Cadmium Telluride (CdTe),thin film solar cell
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Improving performance and stability of planar perovskite solar cells through grain boundary passivation with block copolymer
摘要： Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit excellent photovoltaic performance but suffer from instabilities against moisture and heat due to the inherent hydroscopic nature and volatility of their organic components. Herein, we report that employing block copolymer F127 as the passivation reagent in conjunction with solvent annealing process can efficiently improve the performance and stability of corresponding organic-inorganic PSCs. It is anticipated that the hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) tails of F127 polymers connect with contiguous perovskite crystals and passivate defects at perovskite grain boundaries, whereas the dangling hydrophobic poly(phenyl oxide) centers suppress perovskite decomposition caused by moisture and heat. After the optimization of the F127 additive, the planar PSCs with champion power conversion efficiencies of 21.01% and 18.71% were achieved on rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. The F127 passivation strategy provides an effective approach for fabricating high-efficiency and stable PSCs.
关键词： flexible solar cells,block copolymer,perovskite solar cells,interface passivation,stability
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Acceptance criteria for accelerated aging testing of silvered-glass mirrors for concentrated solar power technologies
摘要： Solar reflectors for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies are required to maintain their optical properties in demanding environments for more than 20 years of service-life. The durability of the commonly used silvered-glass reflectors is typically qualified by means of accelerated aging. Recently, the Spanish standardization committee UNE has published the first specific standard for this topic, which defines a set of accelerated aging tests for CSP reflectors. However, the standard does not contain pass/fail criteria. This paper proposes useful acceptance criteria for the accelerated tests defined by UNE, helping to interpret the obtained degradation results. The criteria have been determined by analyzing the collected accelerated aging data over the past 5 years in the OPAC laboratory, a joint research group of DLR and CIEMAT. Data from six different 4 mm silvered-glass manufacturers is presented, covering nearly the entire market of commercially available silvered-glass mirrors, and going way beyond the recommended testing times of the UNE standard. The data may be used to benchmark initial reflective properties (before aging) and the performance during accelerated durability testing. In addition, recommendations for improvements of the standard are given and an estimate of the acceleration factor of the Copper Accelerate Salt Spray (CASS) test with respect to a highly corrosive outdoor environment is presented.
关键词： Durability,Accelerated aging testing,Reflectance,Acceptance criteria,Solar reflector,Concentrated solar power
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53