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Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study
摘要： This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination di?ered by 30? compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination di?erence relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-speci?c results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a de?ned level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor.
关键词： solar module,tilt angle,sun-tracking sensor,sun-tracking,solar energy,azimuth angle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Technical analysis of an oven with coupled receiver for scheffler solar concentrator tested under cloudy weather conditions
摘要： Most of the solar collectors experiments are carried out under clear-sky conditions to evaluate the maximum performance of collectors, even though this condition is not critical for some uses, such as cooking. The optical and thermal performance of a solar oven heated by Scheffler concentrator is here analyzed in more adverse weather conditions. The receiver for conversion and heat transfer of the concentrated solar energy is coupled to an oven specially developed for this work. The Scheffler concentrator geometry is a lateral cut angled 43.23° of a paraboloid matrix, and it works in a two-axis tracking system, to always maintain its focal image at the stationary receiver with the progression of the Earth rotation and solar declination movements. A model for distributing the daily radiation over the hours is used to compare the results. The time-constant experimental method is considered. The heating and cooling tests were carried out at the official local time. The maximum temperature achieved by the absorber was 328°C, and the maximum average temperature in the oven was 150°C. The results for heat loss factor were evaluated, and the trends for thermal efficiency and optical efficiency factor were analyzed for the system considered.
关键词： solar energy,scheffler paraboloid concentrator,cloudy conditions,solar oven
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Territorial planning for photovoltaic power plants using an outranking approach and GIS
摘要： In 2015 the Paris Agreement set the goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to boost electricity generation coming from renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy. Finding areas that are suitable for solar farm development is crucial for the economic feasibility of these projects and the sustainable use of land. This research investigates how to identify optimal sites for the development of solar plants. A GIS-based approach combined with a Multi-Criteria Evaluation methodology is used to create a map which shows a ranking of areas with high potential for solar farm development. The GIS-based methodology is employed in the treatment of the legal and environmental criteria and sub-criteria to delimit the suitable locations. These locations are evaluated and ranked by order using the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations). The importance of each criteria and sub-criteria is determined by an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the Valencian Community the most discriminating criterion, when selecting the best locations, is the intensity of solar radiation, while temperature is the least discriminant. In terms of areas, the most suitable are located in the province of Alicante, while the least suitable are in the north of the Castellón province. It is also observed that the most appropriate locations are those that have greater solar radiation, and/or are at a lower altitude.
关键词： AHP,MCDM,solar energy,Solar farms,grid connection,best sites,PROMETHEE,GIS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A hybrid solar chimney/photovoltaic thermal system for direct electric power production and water distillation
摘要： In this work, modi?cations are made on the conventional solar chimney system in order to improve its economic viability. The two main modi?cations are the addition of a photovoltaic (PV) system to increase the system total electricity production, and the installation of water pool to cool the PV panels as well as to allow the system to generate freshwater. A mathematical model is developed to test the feasibility of both the conventional and modi?ed systems. It is found that the total system utilization factor for the conventional system is 0.51%, while the utilization factor for the modi?ed system is 4.37%. Parametric analysis is conducted to determine the variables that lead to the best utilization factor. The best results are achieved when the submerged PV panels are closer to the chimney. Furthermore, the performance of the system is tested, taking into account the weather data of a location in the country of Jordan. The results showed that the proposed system produces 45.35% more electricity annually than a standalone PV system installed in the same location. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis conducted shows that the chimney height is the most signi?cant variable in?uences the system utilization factor. That is, the higher the chimney, the higher the utilization factor. Finally, the economic analysis concludes that the cost of freshwater produced by the system is 1.60 US$ per cubic meter, which is 46.3% cheaper than what is produced using other similar systems. Also, the economic indices of the proposed system show an improvement from that for the conventional solar chimney.
关键词： Submerged photovoltaic,Solar energy,Water distillation,Solar chimney
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - A method for error compensation of modeled annual energy production estimates introduced by intra-hour irradiance variability at PV power plants with a high DC to AC ratio
摘要： Financial models of PV power plants that are created during the development phase of a project are typically based upon simulations performed at hourly timesteps. Historical irradiance data used in these simulations, such as a Typical Meteorological Year, are created from average irradiances over hour-long periods. We find that when actual weather conditions include significant intra-hour variability in irradiance, the annual energy production estimates based on modeling in hourly timesteps will not account for all inverter clipping which occurs during moments of high irradiance. This effect is particularly significant for systems with high a DC to AC nameplate ratio. At some PV plants already in operation, this phenomenon has been found to result in overestimated production estimates of nearly 5%. In this work, the average amount of this error is quantified for locations within the United States, and a methodology is proposed for compensating for it in post processing. This methodology applies a variable discount to each hour of the year for hourly energy output simulations based on irradiance. The discount function is intended to account for the difference in useful insolation as computed from hourly average irradiance data versus sub-hourly sampling rates.
关键词： photovoltaic systems,power system modeling,performance analysis,solar energy,solar power generation,power system simulation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Assessment of power generation performance characteristics using different solar photovoltaic technologies
摘要： Solar energy is a relatively free renewable, clean, green, and environmentally friendly energy resource produced from the sun, using different technologies like solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) modules to generate heat and electricity, respectively. This paper aims to assess and compare the power generation performance characteristics of different solar PV module technologies by simulation, deploying identical input temperature and irradiance parameters. The solar PV designs were simulated using PVsyst Version 6.73 for 26.0 kW annual power and 42.9 MWh/year annual yields using the climate data of Sydney, Australia. The results show that monocrystalline solar technologies needed an area of 163m2, while polycrystalline and thin films needed areas of 173m2 and 260m2 respectively to generate 42.9MWh annual yield. The monocrystalline PV modules are more efficient at solar energy conversion than polycrystalline and thin film technologies, respectively (94.2% and 62.7%). The symmetric semi-toroid dome of sun heights against azimuthal angles show 13 bimodal pyriforms, that cut the azimuths at least twice on each of the optimisation lines. These optimal solution points were visible for every sunlight hour of between 6 and 18 hours (inclusive). They show convex sets of global optima (or local optima) with one minimum in the interval of convexity. Also, each of the minimum points for each of the 13 directed fish-like bimodal pyriforms was on azimuth. However, the assessment of respective PV module characteristics with respect to variation of irradiation and temperature, show that the general results from simulation displayed disparate changes in the voltages and currents of the generated power with respect to different solar PV modules. The proposed semi-toroid model indicates that many optimisation solutions for easier, cheaper, quicker and more efficient power generation are possible with appropriate design. It is recommended that the installation of a single-axis solar tracker or maximum power point tracker could overcome the azimuth angle effect.
关键词： simulation,photovoltaic modules,polycrystalline,monocrystalline,thin film,solar energy,PVsyst,power generation,solar tracker,azimuth angle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Long-Range Distributed Solar Irradiance Sensing Using Optical Fibers
摘要： Until recently, the amount of solar irradiance reaching the Earth surface was considered to be a steady value over the years. However, there is increasing observational evidence showing that this quantity undergoes substantial variations over time, which need to be addressed in different scenarios ranging from climate change to solar energy applications. With the growing interest in developing solar energy technology with enhanced efficiency and optimized management, the monitoring of solar irradiance at the ground level is now considered to be a fundamental input in the pursuit of that goal. Here, we propose the first fiber-based distributed sensor able of monitoring ground solar irradiance in real time, with meter scale spatial resolutions over distances of several tens of kilometers (up to 100 km). The technique is based on an optical fiber reflectometry technique (CP-φOTDR), which enables real time and long-range high-sensitivity bolometric measurements of solar radiance with a single optical fiber cable and a single interrogator unit. The method is explained and analyzed theoretically. A validation of the method is proposed using a solar simulator irradiating standard optical fibers, where we demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify solar irradiance with less than a 0.1 W/m2 resolution.
关键词： optical time domain reflectometry,photothermal effects,distributed sensing,rayleigh scattering,optical fiber sensors,solar irradiance,solar energy,optical radiation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Rapid evaluation of micro-scale photovoltaic solar energy systems using empirical methods combined with deep learning neural networks to support systems’ manufacturers
摘要： Solar energy is becoming one of the most attractive renewable sources. In many cases, due to a wide range of financial or installation limitations, off-grid small scale micro power panels are favoured as modular systems to power lighting in gardens or to be integrated together to power small devices such as mobile phone chargers and distributed smart city facilities and services. Manufacturers and systems’ integrators have a wide range of options of micro-scale photo voltaic panels to choose from. This makes the selection of the right panel a challenging task and risky investment. To address this and to help manufacturers, this paper suggests and evaluates a novel approach based on integrating empirical lab-testing with short-term real data and neural networks to assess the performance of micro-scale photovoltaic panels and their suitability for a specific application in specific environment. The paper outlines the combination of lab testing power output under seasonal and hourly conditions during the year combined with environmental and operating conditions such as temperature, dust accumulation and tilt angle performance. Based on the lab results, a short in-situ experimental work is implemented and the performance over the year in the selected location in Kuwait is evaluated using deep learning neural networks. The findings of this approach are compared with simulation and long-term real data. The results show a maximum error of 23% of the neural network output when compared with the actual data, and a correlation values with previous work within 87.3% and 91.9% which indicate that the proposed approach could provide an experimental rapid and accurate assessment of the expected power output. Hence, supporting the rapid decision-making process for manufacturers and reducing investment risks.
关键词： Solar energy,neural networks,smart cities,system manufacturing,photovoltaic,micro-scale,urban environment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The preparation of plasmonic Au@SiO2 NPs and its application in polymer solar cells
摘要： We prepared plasmonic Au@SiO2 NPs with good quality and doped them into PEDOT: PSS layer of PC71BM-based PSCs. These Au@SiO2 NPs could greatly increase the light absorption of active layer mainly due to near field enhancement, thus resulting in an improved photocurrent. Finally, a maximum PCE of 9.55% with a 16.3% enhancement was achieved for PTB7-Th: PC71BM based devices, which is the highest value reported so far.
关键词： solar energy materials,nanocomposites,Nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effective design of novel low band gap acceptors for non-fullerene solar cells via modulating molecular planarity and F atom substitution
摘要： Due to the highly tunable molecular energy levels and potential for reducing synthesis costs, increased efforts have been devoted to developing non-fullerene acceptors. Herein we report two novel low band gap NF-SMAs for OSCs, namely IDBTC and IDBTCF. Thiophene-substituted benzothiadiazole is introduced between the donor and acceptor to regulate the coplanarity of the molecule and enhance intramolecular push-pull effect. In addition, the ?uorine atom was introduced into the benzothiadiazole to study the effect of ?uorination on the properties of NF-SMAs. As expected, they all exhibited good near infrared absorption and narrow band gap (Eopt < 1.6 ev). What’s more, the absorption spectrum is slightly enhanced and the energy level is shifted, by the introduction of ?uorine atoms into NF-SMAs. Furthermore, NF-SMAs were treated as acceptor and P3HT as donor in OSCs. The best device based on IDBTCF delivered a PCE of 3.22%. The PCE has increased from 2.5% (IDBTC) to 3.22% (IDBTCF) after introduction of ?uorine atoms. It indicates that the optical properties and electronic energy levels of NF-SMAs can be readily tuned by modulation of molecular planarity and the introduction of ?uorine atoms, which provides great opportunities for enhance the ef?ciency of OSCs.
关键词： Solar energy material,Organic,Semiconductors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59