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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Engineering (REPE) - Toronto, ON, Canada (2019.11.2-2019.11.4)] 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Engineering (REPE) - Prediction of Solar Resource and Photovoltaic Energy Production through the Generation of a Typical Meteorological Year and Meso-NH Simulations: Application to the South of Portugal
摘要： The goal of this work is the generation of solar resource and photovoltaic (PV) energy maps based on simulations of a Numerical Weather Prediction model (NWP) for a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY). This approach is applied to the South of Portugal. Sixteen years of observations were used to determine a TMY for the city of évora, which is located near the center of the region, through the Sandia method and the Finkelstein-Schafer statistics. The NWP Meso- NH model, with the ecRad radiation scheme integrated, is used to simulate the TMY, allowing for the generation of solar resource and air temperature maps that are helpful in predicting PV potential, thus constituting a useful tool for planning and designing this type of solar systems.
关键词： Typical meteorological year,Meso-NH,Photovoltaic systems,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Energy Storage
摘要： Solar and wind are time-dependent energy resources. Energy needs for a very wide variety of applications are also time dependent but in a different fashion than the energy supply. Consequently, the storage of energy or other product of the process is necessary if these renewable resources are to meet substantial portions of our energy needs. Energy storage can be accomplished using thermal, mechanical, or chemical processes. Thermal storage is accomplished by heating or cooling a substance and recovering the energy at a later time by reversing the process. Mechanical storage and recovery can be accomplished by raising and lowering a mass, typically water, from one level to another level or by changing the rotational speed of a spinning wheel. Chemical storage is commonly accomplished through batteries but other chemical reactions are possible. Sometimes it is convenient to convert one form of energy to another before storing. The optimum capacity of an energy storage system depends on the expected time dependence of the energy source, the nature of loads to be met, the degree of reliability needed for the process, the manner in which auxiliary energy is supplied, and an economic analysis that determines how much of the load should be carried by solar or wind and how much by the auxiliary energy source. Note that auxiliary energy is assumed to be part of the process. The needed auxiliary energy could be another form of renewable energy. Consider a very large renewable energy system (like a large utility) where wind might make up temporary lack of solar (or vice versa) and hydro power is always available. In this chapter we set forth the principles of several energy storage methods and show how their capacities and rates of energy input and output can be calculated. In the example problems, as in the collector examples, we arbitrarily assume temperatures or energy quantities. In reality, these must be found by simultaneous solutions of the equations representing all of the system components. These matters are taken up in Chapter 10.
关键词： Thermal Storage,Chemical Storage,Mechanical Storage,Wind Energy,Energy Storage,Solar Energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Highlights in Applied Mineralogy || 4. Microstructure analysis of chalcopyrite-type Cu2ZnSe4 and kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layers in thin film solar cells
摘要： Thin film solar cells equipped with polycrystalline compound semiconductors as functional layer for light absorption have continuously been improved in terms of solar energy conversion efficiency, such that they became a competitive alternative to well-established silicon-based solar cells. In 1905, Einstein published a comprehensive, physical description of the photoelectric effect [1] and thus provided the theoretical framework for upcoming research of photovoltaic technologies. The emergence of photovoltaic devices, however, only started about 50 years later, and for several decades, it persisted a niche technology mainly for aerospace applications. Among others, silicon (Si) was known to belong to the group of (extrinsic) elemental semiconductors, and due to its abundance, it was the very first absorber material to be used in solar cells. Triggered by the oil crisis in the 1970s, the research of solar energy conversion technologies finally got a tremendous stimulus. As a result, research not only of silicon-based solar cells but also of other absorber layer materials based on compound semiconductors have been much more extensively endeavored. The latter were also brought into focus in order to address some severe drawbacks of silicon-based solar cells. First of all, the high energy consumption in fabricating single crystal silicon results in a quite long energy amortization time. In addition, the requirements on crystallinity and purity are extremely high while a considerable amount of material is wasted upon slicing silicon wafers. Also, during the growth of silicon single crystals a certain concentration of dopants has to be incorporated in order to induce either extrinsic p-type or n-type conductivity. Despite the energy of the band gap of silicon fitting quite well with the optimal energy determined by the solar spectrum, silicon is an indirect semiconductor whose photonic electron transition from the valence band to the conduction band needs to be assisted by a phononic momentum transfer. This requirement of coincidence between a photon of appropriate energy being absorbed and a phonon transferring impulse to the electron leads to a reduced probability of events of photoelectric charge carrier generation. Correspondingly, the absorber thickness must be augmented in order to compensate the low absorption coefficient. These aforementioned issues, eventually, gave rise to reconsider photovoltaic technologies, being both economical and ecological reasonably applicable in a more widely spread manner. These demands have paved the way for thin film solar cell technologies using compound semiconductors. Those compound semiconductors are intrinsically conductive, and they possess a higher absorption coefficient due to direct electron band transitions (Fig. 4.1).
关键词： kesterite-type,chalcopyrite-type,absorber layer materials,light absorption,microstructure analysis,photovoltaic technologies,solar energy conversion efficiency,compound semiconductors,thin film solar cells,silicon-based solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A concentrating solar power system integrated photovoltaic and mid-temperature solar thermochemical processes
摘要： The approach of cascading solar energy utilization provides access to reliable and ample supplies of energy and has thus attracted widespread attention. Currently, the hybridization of a concentrating solar photovoltaic process and a solar thermochemical process is a promising approach. This paper describes and investigates a concentrating solar power system to harvest solar energy. Co-producing photovoltaic electricity and solar thermal fuel is its attractive distinction. The visible spectrum is cast onto concentrating photovoltaics to generate electricity, and the ultraviolet and infrared spectra are used to drive methanol decomposition at approximately 250 °C. A spectral splitting parabolic trough concentrator is developed in which incident solar radiation is first split and then concentrated. Based on the measured optical data of concentrators, photovoltaics and reactor, the solar-to-electricity performance is evaluated in the proposed system. The results show that a satisfied solar-to-electricity efficiency of approximately 31.8% would be realized if monocrystalline silicon photovoltaics is adopted. In comparison to individual systems, the efficiency enhancements of about 15.3% and 6.3% are obtained. The solar-to-electricity efficiency can reach approximately 35.1% by adopting gallium arsenide. Meanwhile, the improved optical performance proves that the approach of first splitting and then concentrating sunlight is feasible and promising. Finally, the results are anticipated to lead to a new approach for improving full-spectrum solar energy utilization and guiding the establishment of a prototype in the near future.
关键词： Full spectrum,Cascading solar energy utilization,Photovoltaic electricity,Concentrating solar power system,Solar thermal fuel
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - Ankara, Turkey (2019.10.11-2019.10.13)] 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - Use of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Solar Modules for Enhancing Overall System Efficiency
摘要： Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal systems, also called as PV/T systems or solar cogeneration systems, are innovative power generation technologies that convert solar radiation into usable thermal and electrical energy. Such systems combine a solar cell, which convert sunlight into electricity, with a solar thermal collector, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from PV module. PV/T systems have a greater overall performance than the PV systems and solar thermal systems separately. In order to improve the performance of PV/T systems a lot of the studies have been done and researchers still keep on investigating these systems. A comprehensive review on these previous research studies are presented here. Many methods and approaches to enhance the performance of the PV/T systems are discussed along with the mathematical models used. The gaps in existing literature are identified and recommendations for future research are precisely outlined. It is emphasized here that only few experimental studies on PV/T systems based nanofluid materials are exist. Therefore, comprehensive experimental studies under real atmospheric conditions should be done with these systems, without neglecting effects of variations in mass flow rate of nanofluids,
关键词： PV hybrid,PVT,Solar energy,PVT-PCM,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation and Design Criteria of Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T)
摘要： More interesting research in the field of photovoltaic thermal is being conducted widely due to shifting interest in supplying both electrical and thermal needs especially in areas that suffer from small installation space. Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) offers to produce both electricity and thermal power from solar irradiance within the same area; therefore, saving up space & other costs directed to installation. Moreover, various techniques & types have been studied and implemented to improve PV/T’s performance and combined efficiency. The aim of this paper is to review the fundamentals of this technology, current works in the field and show innovative designs of PV/T to illuminate the way forward for the technology for globe-wide recognition. Nanofluid and nano-PCM based PV/T collector was found to produce the highest efficiency among other types in tropical climate conditions. The performance evaluation criteria for this system was presented and explained. It is recommended to amend the current design by simplifying it for better use in building integrated applications and for residential consumers.
关键词： Photovoltaic thermal,Combined efficiency,PV/T,Nanofluid,Nano-PCM,Renewable energy,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Thermoeconomic Modeling and Parametric Study of a Photovoltaic-Assisted 1 MWe Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System
摘要： In this study a small-scale, completely autonomous combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is coupled to a photovoltaic (PV) subsystem, to investigate the possibility of reducing fuel consumption. The CCHP system generates electrical energy with the use of a simple gas turbine cycle, with a rated nominal power output of 1 MWe. The nominal power output of the PV subsystem is examined in a parametric study, ranging from 0 to 600 kWe, to investigate which con?guration results in a minimum lifecycle cost (LCC) for a system lifetime of 20 years of service. The load pro?le considered is applied for a complex of households in Nicosia, Cyprus. The solar data for the PV subsystem are taken on an hourly basis for a whole year. The results suggest that apart from economic bene?ts, the proposed system also results in high ef?ciency and reduced CO2 emissions. The parametric study shows that the optimum PV capacity is 300 kWe. The minimum lifecycle cost for the PV-assisted CCHP system is found to be 3.509 million €, as compared to 3.577 million € for a system without a PV subsystem. The total cost for the PV subsystem is 547,445 €, while the total cost for operating the system (fuel) is 731,814 € (compared to 952,201 € for a CCHP system without PVs). Overall, the proposed system generates a total electrical energy output of 52,433 MWh (during its whole lifetime), which translates to a unit cost of electricity of 0.067 €/kWh.
关键词： lique?ed natural gas,photovoltaic,autonomous system,energy ef?ciency,parametric study,thermoeconomic modeling,cost analysis,solar energy,distributed generation,cogeneration
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT) - Noordwijk, Netherlands (2019.10.2-2019.10.4)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT) - Fault Tolerant Photovoltaic Array: A Repair Circuit Based on Memristor Sensing
摘要： Solar energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energy. Photovoltaic arrays are a widely employed systems used to harvest solar energy. In such systems, the presence of faulty cells negatively affect the energy production of the entire array. The design of fault tolerant solar arrays is therefore attracting a growing interest. In this work, we propose a hardware implementation of a fault-recovery algorithm for solar cell arrays. The proposed system detects cells with degraded performance using a memristor as sensing device. With the aim of improving energy production ef?ciency, the connections among solar cells are recon?gured according to the array health status. The designed system automatically activates spare cells in the segments of the array to eventually increase energy production. The proposed solution can be adapted to arrays of any size and be applied to different types of solar cells. We show through simulations that the solution here proposed signi?cantly increases the energy production in presence of faults.
关键词： Photovoltaic arrays,fault tolerance,renewable energy,solar energy,memristor sensing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Towards Energy Neutral Wireless Communications: Photovoltaic Cells to Connect Remote Areas
摘要： In this work, we have designed, developed and deployed the world’s first optical wireless communication (OWC) system using off-the-shelf lasers and solar photovoltaics. Four bidirectional OWC prototypes have been installed on the Orkney Islands of Scotland at a 30 m link distance for the provision of high-speed internet access to two residential properties. The silicon-made solar panels can harvest power up to 5 W from sunlight and they offer data rates as high as 8 Mb/s. Using additional analogue processing, data rates higher than the existing landline broadband connection are achieved. This breakthrough opens the development path to low cost, self-powered and plug-and-play free-space optical (FSO) systems.
关键词： communication systems,free-space optical communication,light communication,solar energy,optical wireless communications,energy harvesting
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Building Heating
摘要： Heat for comfort in buildings can be provided from solar energy by systems that are similar in many respects to the water heater systems described in Chapter 12. The two most common heat transfer fluids are water (or water and antifreeze mixtures) and air, and systems based on each of these are described in this chapter. The basic components are the collector, storage unit, and load (i.e., the house or building to be heated). In temperate climates, an auxiliary energy source must be provided and the design problem is in part the determination of an optimum combination of solar energy and auxiliary (i.e., conventional) energy. Systems for space heating are very similar to those for water heating, and the same considerations of combination with an auxiliary source, boiling and freezing, controls, and so on, apply to both applications.
关键词： solar energy,storage unit,auxiliary energy,collector,heat transfer fluids,heating systems
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52