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[IEEE 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - Ankara, Turkey (2018.10.19-2018.10.21)] 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - The setup cost payback times of 1 kW fixed and dual axis tracking solar energy systems
摘要： In this paper an 80 W optimally tilted fixed solar energy system and an 80 W azimuth-altitude dual solar axis tracking system are designed and analyzed. The systems are mounted on the roof an industrial building in Sakarya, Turkey. The fixed solar energy system is tilted at the yearly optimum tilt angle for the city. The tracking system is designed to follow the Sun’s position by means of solar mathematics. The electrical behavior of the systems are observed for six months and the obtained results are used to evaluate the setup cost payback times of 1 kW applications. In conclusion it is determined that the fixed solar energy system pay back its setup cost in 7.18 years and the tracking solar energy system in 10.73 years.
关键词： solar tracking system,fixed solar energy system,optimally tilted,setup cost payback time
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Differential Column Measurements Using Compact Solar-Tracking Spectrometers
摘要： We demonstrate the use of compact solar-tracking Fourier transform spectrometers (Bruker EM27/SUN) for differential measurements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 within urban areas. Using Allan variance analysis, we show that the differential column measurement has a precision of 0.1% for XCO2 and XCH4 using an optimum integration time of 10 min, which corresponds to standard deviations of 0.04 ppm, and 0.2 ppb, respectively. The sensor system is very stable over time and after relocation across the continent. We report tests of the differential column measurement, and its sensitivity to emission sources, by measuring the downwind minus upwind column gradient ?XCH4 across dairy farms in the Chino California area and using the data to verify emissions reported in the literature. Spatial column gradient ratios ?XCH4/?XCO2 were observed across Pasadena within the Los Angeles basin, indicating values consistent with regional emission ratios from the literature. Our precise, rapid measurements allow us to determine significant short-term variations (5-10 minutes) of XCO2 and XCH4, and to show that they represent atmospheric phenomena. Overall, this study helps establish a range of new applications for compact solar-viewing Fourier transform spectrometers. By accurately measuring the small differences in integrated column amounts across local and regional sources, we directly observe the mass loading of the atmosphere due to the influence of emissions in the intervening locale. The inference of the source strength is much more direct than inversion modeling using only surface concentrations, and less subject to errors associated with small-scale transport phenomena.
关键词： compact solar-tracking spectrometers,urban emissions,differential column measurements,CH4,CO2
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design and validation of a compact embedded photometric device for real-time daylighting computing in office buildings
摘要： Studies have shown that the exposure to daylight can have substantial visual/non-visual benefits for building occupants. To optimise daylighting provision while maintaining a comfortable visual environment, daylighting control systems have been investigated by architectural design and academic research for a number of years. However, real-time regulation of daylighting in buildings requires transient daylighting simulation with high accuracy and, daylighting simulation, as performed to date, is significantly impacted by the employed sky luminance distribution models which only crudely reproduce the real sky characteristics due to oversimplification and limited luminance sampling inputs. In this paper, an embedded photometric device is proposed to combine high dynamic range (HDR) imaging based high-resolution sky luminance monitoring with quasi real-time on-board daylighting computing, composed of a low-cost image sensor and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) micro-processor. A deliberate calibration procedure of the whole imaging system, regarding its spectral response (spectral correction error f’1 = 8.89%), vignetting effect and signal response, was formulated and validated experimentally. The device was made to measure a wide luminance range (150 dB) including that of the direct solar disk, sky vault, and landscape simultaneously. Finally, experiments during predominant clear and overcast sky conditions were conducted respectively to assess its performance in daylighting simulation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results demonstrated its quality in solar tracking as well as its capability to reduce daylighting simulation error to 1/3 of that of a common practice using the conventional Perez all-weather sky model for workplane illuminance calculation in office buildings.
关键词： Embedded photometric system,Daylighting simulation,Real-time,Workplane illuminance,FPGA,Solar tracking
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A new version of a low concentration evacuated tube solar collector: Optical and thermal investigation
摘要： This work is focused on investigating the performance of a new version of evacuated tube solar collector with and without solar tracking system. The evacuated tube solar collector is composed of an absorbing copper tube positioned eccentrically inside a transparent glass cover tube which has a reflective film insert on its inner surface and vacuum in eccentric annular space. Modeling of the proposed evacuated tube collector is based on the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy and discretized by using the finite volumes method. A home-built numerical code is developed, tested and its grid size optimized. This code is validated against available experimental and numerical results. Effects of the tilt angle and tracking systems are also evaluated. The results showed maximum and minimum daily efficiencies of the collector of about 73% and 42%, respectively. The annual efficiency of this collector was evaluated as 61.5% for the city of S?o Luís, Brazil. The new contributions from the present work include the reflective film, the eccentricity of the absorber and the presence of vacuum in the annular space. The reflective film helps to keep the absorber at uniform temperature and reduce thermal induced stress. The eccentricity is introduced to create concentration effect which helps to increase the outlet temperature of the working fluid and reduce the mass of the collector system. The presence of vacuum in the eccentric annular space reduces effectively the thermal losses, improves the efficiency.
关键词： Solar energy,Eccentric evacuated tube collector,Evacuated tube solar collector,Solar tracking systems,Collector modeling
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 International conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - Quetta, Pakistan (2018.11.12-2018.11.13)] 2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - An Experimental Study of Modelling and Fabrication of an Autonomous Solar Parabolic Trough Collector
摘要： this paper is related with an experimental study of modelling and fabrication of an autonomous solar parabolic trough collector. Parabolic Trough Collectors do not pollute the environment and hence can be marked as Green Technology. In this paper, a prototype of PTC is optically designed, fabricated, tested and controlled with an autonomous solar tracking system. The system is easy to install, modular and operate and maintain its primary functions under the given parameters in order to widespread and diffuse the use of solar energy. The fabricated PTC and its tracking system were tested under an open sky under hot and humid climatic conditions. The experimentation results were compared with the initial mathematical modelling and it contained significant variations due to several factors. The overall aim of the work reported in this paper was to test the performance of a solar parabolic trough collector system by raising the temperature of the working fluid above the boiling point of water and to enhance the efficiency also by reducing the cost of the heat produced.
关键词： mathematical modelling,Parabolic Trough Collector,design,solar tracking
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Research and design of low-power grid-connected PV power generation system based on automatic solar tracking
摘要： A low-power grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation system based on automatic solar tracking is designed in this paper. In order to increase the level of accuracy of automatic solar tracking, the part of automatic solar tracking adopts the method of hybrid tracking and uses pin-cushion two-dimensional position sensitive detector plus four silicon PV cells as the photosensitive element. An adaptive topological structure of the main circuit based on a cascaded Boost converter circuit and the H6-type inverter topology are designed for the system to obtain a better working condition. Then an MPPT algorithm combined modified constant voltage algorithm with modified variable step-size increment conductance algorithm is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of PV power generation. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the control system. Finally, the hardware and software of the system are also designed. Moreover, a graphic interface made with the LabVIEW software allows the user to monitor and save the data in a file.
关键词： Automatic solar tracking,human–computer interaction,H6-type inverter topology,pin-cushion PSD,PV grid-connected,MPPT
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Design and Performance of a 1.5 axis Sun tracking Concentrated Photovoltaic System
摘要： This paper reports the design and testing of a concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal (CSPVT) system. The system consists of the PV panel, its cooling system, the parabolic concentrator, and the sun tracking mechanism. Photo Voltaic Thermal (PVT) systems are already a promising technique for improving energy yields and efficiencies of PV panels. The current work adds a concentration effect to make further improvements, especially on yields. Unlike the case of other research which uses plane mirrors along the sides of PV panels, this work employs a single parabolic reflector of concentration ratio 1.3, integrated with the panel mounting. A cooling system is also integrated with the mounting, so that the specially designed sun tracking mechanism turns the entire assembly, keeping both panel and reflector facing the sun without affecting the coolant flow in the adjoining pipes. This is one of the novelties of this work. We use vertical axis tracking but with seasonal adjustment of tilt. Hence the 1.5 axis in the title of this paper. Southern hemisphere spring tests in Cape Town showed a 60.2% electric power gain when compared with yields from an identical fixed panel. We also develop and test a MATLAB program using actual weather data for the experimentation period, and do a TRNSYS simulation using the software’s embedded TMY (typical meteorological year) weather data for the period. We find MATLAB results to be closer to experimental ones, while TRNSYS ones are not far out on totals. We conclude that CSPVT has much potential to increase both yields and efficiencies. In addition, we suggest that TRNSYS simulation would probably be most useful in cases where actual weather data is not available.
关键词： CSPVT,efficiency,concentration,solar tracking,photovoltaic thermal
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Natural cooling of two axis tracking photovoltaic module
摘要： Recently, the solar energy is considered as one of the most essential alternative sources of energy, which make it significant to operate the photovoltaic (PV) modules at optimal points to attain maximum output powers at utmost efficiencies. In this work, a novel operational optimization scheme is proposed to maximize the electrical output power and its efficiency for two axis sun tracking PV module. The technique incorporates the influence of the surrounding environmental parameters; such as ambient temperature, wind speed, and wind direction to improve performance. The increase in power and efficiency is accomplished by benefiting from the local wind speed and wind direction to cool the cells temperatures, which in return assist the PV to operate at its Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). These newly proposed operating angles (i.e., Azimuth and Tilt) for two axis sun tracking systems may not necessarily coincide with the perpendicular orientation used by conventional sun tracking PV modules. Finally, the effectiveness of the operational optimization technique and its effect on MPPT was verified using computer simulations using actual collected weather data that was obtained from Shams Maan weather station in Jordan.
关键词： PV cooling,solar optimization,Solar Tracking,PV improved efficiency,two axes tracers
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Recent Developments in Photovoltaic Materials and Devices || Experimental Study of Current-Voltage Characteristics for Fixed and Solar Tracking Photovoltaics Systems
摘要： The efficiency of solar electric systems basically depends on the materials used in making the solar cells and regardless of the type of application: fixed or tracking photovoltaics (PV), the quality and quantity of power produced by PV systems depend on both the amount of solar radiation incident on the solar panels as well as the current and voltage characteristics of the load. This present work, which involves field installation of a fixed PV alongside an existing equivalent tracking PV, simultaneously monitored the current and voltage response of both systems to changing solar radiation and ambient temperatures. The comparative results of the study provide a framework for decision-making on the choice of either of the systems and have shown that in the UK, both systems have a relatively slow electrical response to sunrise while the performance of fixed PV systems approximates that of tracking PV systems at noon time.
关键词： voltage-current (I-V) characteristics,solar radiation,maximum power,fixed PV,solar tracking PV
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC) - Nanchang, China (2019.6.3-2019.6.5)] 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC) - Design and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Directional Tracking Device
摘要： With the rapid development of solar photovoltaic systems, the application and demand for solar tracking systems are growing accordingly. This paper, from an astronomical point of view, analyses movement of the sun and designs an integrated device for solar photovoltaic directional tracking based on the general formulas of solar declination, time angle, azimuth, and elevation angle. To improve tracking accuracy and efficiency, the device is designed by using a double-degree-of-freedom tracking system, so that it can track the sun in both horizontal and vertical directions. Besides, a hybrid tracking mode is applied to achieve accurate tracking of the sun movement, in which the solar trajectory tracking is used as the primary mode, while the photoelectric monitoring is taken as a supplementary, to improve the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The results from the simulation carried out by Proteus software reveals that the device as well as the control system both operate in a stable and reliable manner, during which, the solar panel is perpendicular to the sun's direct rays within an acceptable range of deviation, realizing the automatic tracking of the sun's rays all the time, which significantly improves the receiving efficiency of solar energy.
关键词： Solar Tracking,Photovoltaic system,Solar trajectory tracking,Directional tracking device
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04