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Expansion of the Supply of Solar Energy and Cost Cutting of Housing Programs for Low-Income and Middle Class Families
摘要： The purpose of this article to reconcile two public policy objectives: to provide housing for low-income families (through the expansion of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My Home, My Life) Program) with reduction of costs, and to expand the supply of renewable (solar) energy to dilute the harmful effects on the environment of the excessive use of energy from hydroelectric and thermal sources. The idea is not new, as similar programs already exist in Germany that invests heavily in solar power. What is encouraging is the amplitude of solar power generation that can be achieved in Brazil. Solar energy accounts for 40% of the global energy mix as opposed to Brazil’s share of 0.01%, showing enormous potential for expansion, as we are blessed with considerable year-round solar energy, unlike countries with very unstable weather conditions. We show that the cost to install solar panels and batteries for a low-income three-member family with the sale of surplus energy to a power distribution concessionaire represents an approximate increase of R$ 48,000 on the total amount that they already pay for their home loan. However, these families will actually pay around 40% of the funding, as the balance is deducted from the surplus value generated by the photovoltaic system. The total generation of solar energy would reach 164TWh with this program — today it is 11MWh —, climbing steeply from a 0.01% share in the composition of the mix to over 31% of the national power generation. This proposal also provides an increase in the disposable income of families participating in housing programs and reduces the subsidy for housing programs.
关键词： reduction of subsidies for affordable housing,solar energy,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Breaking into the photovoltaic energy transition for rural and remote communities: challenging the impact of awareness norms and subsidy schemes
摘要： The energy poverty cycle remains a twofold barrier as part of energy transitions. Nations must support the provision of affordable and reliable power and concurrently address nationally agreed carbon reduction targets. Decentralised solar photovoltaic (PV) is a viable option to achieve universal energy access in rural areas, while it concurrently decarbonises energy generation, but often remains in tension with traditional centralised generation and distribution systems. Lack of awareness of PV technologies is seen as one of the major barriers limiting the deployment of decentralised systems in rural areas. This study explores awareness of PV systems drawing from over 700 household semi-structured surveys within Uttar Pradesh, India. We found existing awareness-raising campaigns, and subsidies for promoting PV technologies in rural areas are not effective with households preferring word of mouth, experiential learning and village-level awareness programmes than conventional electronic and print media advertising, as preferred by the government and private sectors. This lack of awareness also extends to subsidies for solar PV otherwise used to support this technology deployment and transition. We suggest locally organised and locally delivered targeted campaigns covering product knowledge, functionality and information on financing provisions for procuring solar PV system including how this relates to subsidies could be more effective to promote solar PV in the rural market. As public awareness precedes solar PV adoption, these findings can be insightful for policymakers, investors and the private enterprises to improve existing informational programmes and devise effective campaigns supporting the demand and therefore development of rural solar PV market.
关键词： Awareness,Rural communities,Decentralised solar,Subsidies,Uttar Pradesh,Developing countries
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Cost, Contractors and Scale: An Empirical Analysis of the California Solar Market
摘要： I present an empirical analysis of the rapidly growing California rooftop solar photovoltaic market using detailed data of over 100,000 solar installations between 2007 and 2014. The rapid fall in the cost of solar panels stand central in the expansion of this market. I use a semi-parametric regression model to aid identification of cost factors by decomposing time-varying and cross-sectional components. I find that the use of Chinese manufactured panels are associated with costs that are 6% lower. Economies of scale at the local level (number of yearly installations in a zip code) and at the installation level (size of the installation) are also associated with lower costs. Higher subsidies, and higher contractor market-share are associated with higher costs. I use an exploratory analysis of the dominant contractor, SolarCity, to discuss non-cost factors in the expansion of the solar photovoltaic market.
关键词： solar photovoltaic market,Chinese manufactured panels,contractor market-share,economies of scale,SolarCity,subsidies,cost factors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Analysis of Public Subsidies to the Solar Energy Sector: Corruption and the Role of Institutions
摘要： This study investigates the connection between rent-seeking behaviour, corruption activity and quality of institutions to empirically evaluate the unexpected implications of an energy policy for criminal activity. The object of this research is a program of public subsidies introduced in Italy in 2005, which successfully boosted the solar energy sector but seems to have generated a growth of corruption activity, arisen from the opportunity of rent extraction. In particular, according to the main hypothesis of this research, bribery is expected to rise significantly where big photovoltaic plants are concentrated and administrative procedures are more complicated. To determine the causal effect of the subsidies on corruption, the study employs a Difference-in-Difference methodology on a sample of 76 Italian provinces and exploits solar radiation as exogenous variable to discriminate the profitability of investments and bribing. Results confirm that, in poor-institutions areas, the growth of the solar sector in sunniest provinces has gone hand in hand with increasing corruption. Results suggest that policy makers should pay additional attention to the potential distortions of public policies implying large rent opportunities, in areas where the weakness of institutional settings and the bureaucratic complexities encourage illegal behaviour.
关键词： Corruption,Public Subsidies,Renewable Energy,Legal Institutions
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14