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A Photon-Only Molecular Motor with Reverse Temperature-Dependent Efficiency
摘要： Light driven molecular motors are archetypal molecular machines and enable fast and efficient unidirectional motions under photoirradiation. Their common working mechanism contains thermal ratcheting steps leading to slowed-down and even halted directional movement at lower temperatures. In this work an alternative type of molecular motor is presented, which operates without thermal ratcheting in the ground state. Instead three consecutive and different photoreactions lead to a directional stepwise rotation of one molecular fragment with respect to the other. This motion is increased in speed and directionality at lower temperatures and at the same time allows a considerably larger fraction of the supplied photon energy to be used for performing work.
关键词： light-driven,temperature-dependent efficiency,photoreactions,molecular motors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Thermometry of photosensitive and optically induced electrokinetics chips
摘要： Optically induced electrokinetics (OEK)-based technologies, which integrate the high-resolution dynamic addressability of optical tweezers and the high-throughput capability of electrokinetic forces, have been widely used to manipulate, assemble, and separate biological and non-biological entities in parallel on scales ranging from micrometers to nanometers. However, simultaneously introducing optical and electrical energy into an OEK chip may induce a problematic temperature increase, which poses the potential risk of exceeding physiological conditions and thus inducing variations in cell behavior or activity or even irreversible cell damage during bio-manipulation. Here, we systematically measure the temperature distribution and changes in an OEK chip arising from the projected images and applied alternating current (AC) voltage using an infrared camera. We have found that the average temperature of a projected area is influenced by the light color, total illumination area, ratio of lighted regions to the total controlled areas, and amplitude of the AC voltage. As an example, optically induced thermocapillary flow is triggered by the light image-induced temperature gradient on a photosensitive substrate to realize fluidic hydrogel patterning. Our studies show that the projected light pattern needs to be properly designed to satisfy specific application requirements, especially for applications related to cell manipulation and assembly.
关键词： Thermocapillary flow,Optically induced electrokinetics,Infrared camera,Hydrogel patterning,Temperature distribution,OEK chip
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Room-Temperature Bonding of Wafers with Smooth Au Thin Films in Ambient Air Using a Surface-Activated Bonding Method
摘要： Wafers with smooth Au thin ?lms (rms surface roughness: < 0.5 nm, thickness: < 50 nm) were successfully bonded in ambient air at room temperature after an Ar radio frequency plasma activation process. The room temperature bonded glass wafers without any heat treatment showed a su?ciently high die-shear strength of 47–70 MPa. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that direct bonding on the atomic scale was achieved. This surface-activated bonding method is expected to be a useful technique for future heterogeneous photonic integration.
关键词： Au-Au bonding,surface-activated bonding,room-temperature bonding,heterogeneous integration
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Growth of Structurally Perfect Diamond Single Crystals at High Pressures and Temperatures. Review
摘要： The investigations performed at high pressures and high temperatures (HTHP crystallization) have permitted clarifying the mechanism of phase transformations and carbon transport in solvent metals for diamond growth and elaborating methods for growing large-size structurally perfect diamond single crystals of types Ib, IIa, and IIb. The findings have provided the basis for the process of production of diamonds for applications in electronics, laser technology, precision machining operations, well drilling tools. The use of a large-volume six-punch high pressure apparatus makes it possible to grow diamond single crystals with a higher efficiency. It is estimated that this apparatus is capable of producing annually at least 1 mln carats of structurally perfect crystals of required types for various applications.
关键词： diamond single crystals,growth systems,temperature gradient method,high pressure apparatus
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Low-Temperature CVD Graphene Nanostructures on Cu and Their Corrosion Properties
摘要： Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene is reported to effectively prevent the penetration of outer factors and insulate the underneath metals, hence achieving an anticorrosion purpose. However, there is little knowledge about their characteristics and corresponding corrosion properties, especially for those prepared under different parameters at low temperatures. Using electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), we can successfully prepare graphene nanostructures on copper (Cu) at temperatures lower than 600 ?C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements were used to characterize these samples. In simulated seawater, i.e., 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the corrosion current density of one graphene-coated Cu fabricated at 400 ?C can be 1.16 × 10?5 A/cm2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of pure Cu. Moreover, the existence of tall graphene nanowalls was found not to be beneficial to the protection as a consequence of their layered orientation. These correlations among the morphology, structure, and corrosion properties of graphene nanostructures were investigated in this study. Therefore, the enhanced corrosion resistance in selected cases suggests that the low-temperature CVD graphene under appropriate conditions would be able to protect metal substrates against corrosion.
关键词： graphene films,corrosion,copper,low temperature,chemical vapor deposition
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preservation of Bone Tissue Integrity with Temperature Control for In Situ SR-MicroCT Experiments
摘要： Digital volume correlation (DVC), combined with in situ synchrotron microcomputed tomography (SR-microCT) mechanics, allows for 3D full-field strain measurement in bone at the tissue level. However, long exposures to SR radiation are known to induce bone damage, and reliable experimental protocols able to preserve tissue properties are still lacking. This study aims to propose a proof-of-concept methodology to retain bone tissue integrity, based on residual strain determination using DVC, by decreasing the environmental temperature during in situ SR-microCT testing. Compact and trabecular bone specimens underwent five consecutive full tomographic data collections either at room temperature or 0 °C. Lowering the temperature seemed to reduce microdamage in trabecular bone but had minimal effect on compact bone. A consistent temperature gradient was measured at each exposure period, and its prolonged effect over time may induce localised collagen denaturation and subsequent damage. DVC provided useful information on irradiation-induced microcrack initiation and propagation. Future work is necessary to apply these findings to in situ SR-microCT mechanical tests, and to establish protocols aiming to minimise the SR irradiation-induced damage of bone.
关键词： temperature control,bone,digital volume correlation,SR-microCT,tissue damage,X-ray radiation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Temperature dependent electrical properties of AlN/Si heterojunction
摘要： AlN is an integral part of many Si based electronic, optoelectronic, and electromechanical devices. The transport of charge carriers and their recombination at the AlN (0002)/Si (111) interface become crucial for the performance and reliability of such devices. In this work, we have studied the temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V-T) characteristics of AlN/Si heterojunctions to gain a deeper understanding. The analysis of the I-V-T characteristics interestingly suggested a temperature dependent turn-on voltage in the forward bias of the Schottky barrier. Also, the Schottky barrier itself was found to be temperature dependent as expected. We have qualitatively explained the temperature dependence of the turn-on voltage in terms of trap states at the AlN/Si heterojunction.
关键词： electrical properties,temperature dependent,AlN/Si heterojunction,Schottky barrier,trap states
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Temperature-dependent interface stability of MoO <sub/>3</sub> /GaAs(001) hybrid structures
摘要： We report on the influence of growth temperature and post-growth annealing on interface formation and film structure of thin MoO3 films on GaAs(001), which plays an important role for a future application as carrier-selective contacts or diffusion barriers in III/V-semiconductor spin- and opto-electronics or photovoltaics. Growth and post-growth annealing were performed in a manner that emulates heterostructure growth and lithographic processing. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals nanocrystalline (“amorphous”) growth at temperatures up to 200 °C and a transition to polycrystalline growth at about 400 °C. Spatially resolved chemical analysis by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy reveals strong intermixing at the MoO3/GaAs(001) interface proceeding during both film deposition and annealing. Our results evidence the important role of intermixing occurring during the process of interface formation at the very beginning of deposition.
关键词： intermixing,temperature-dependent,interface stability,GaAs(001),diffusion barriers,MoO3,carrier-selective contacts
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Hue and warm-cool feeling as the visual resemblance criteria for iso-CCT judgment
摘要： The hue perception and ‘warm-cool’ feelings were investigated, in response to various lighting settings, following the adaptation to either 3500K or 5000K to compare which one—between conventional iso-Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and a new one based on CIE u'v0 color space—is more compatible with the visual perception. Twenty participants evaluated hue and warm-cool feelings for 48 test lighting settings, by observing an empty gray booth. The results showed that yellow-blue and ‘warm-cool’ feelings are closely located around the Planckian locus, while red-green roughly follows the line orthogonal to the Planckian locus in CIE u'v0 color space, at both 3500 K and 5000 K settings. This suggests that u'v0 color space correlates better with human perception.
关键词： correlated color temperature,color appearance,chromatic adaptation,color emotion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Systematic Investigation of Spontaneous Emission Quantum Efficiency Drop up to 800K for Future Power Electronics Applications
摘要： Future high-density power electronics applications may require optoelectronic devices for gate drive. Thus, a systematic study of optoelectronic material from 10 K to 800 K has been performed to understand the potential of the high-temperature operation of optoelectronic devices. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MWQs) was studied. The integrated PL intensity dropped by an order of magnitude at 800 K as compared to 10 K. The spontaneous emission quantum efficiency was calculated from the power-law relation linking the integrated PL signal and the excitation pump power. The validation of the traditional ABC model for solid-state lighting is extended to 800 K. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing high-temperature optoelectronic devices, which have operating temperatures over 500 K.
关键词： high temperature photoluminescence,high temperature efficiency,power dependent photoluminescence,InGaN/GaN MWQs,power module,quantum temperature optoelectronics
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46