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ITC‐2Cl: a Versatile Middle‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Panchromatic Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： An effective way to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) is to use the ternary architecture consisting of a donor, an acceptor, and a third component. Identifying the proper third component for successful ternary OSCs, however, is not an easy task. Here, we demonstrate that a middle-bandgap acceptor, ITC-2Cl, functions as a successful third component for several wide-bandgap donor: ultra-narrow bandgap acceptor binary systems (PBDB-T-2F: F8IC, PBDB-T-2F: IOIC-2Cl, PBDB-T-2Cl: IOIC-2Cl). Photovoltaic parameters, including VOC, JSC, FF, and PCE, are effectively improved by incorporating ITC-2Cl, which lies in the complementary absorption of ITC-2Cl and host binary system, high-lying LUMO level of ITC-2Cl, and the inhibition of bimolecular recombination. The ternary device based on PBDB-T-2Cl: ITC-2Cl: IOIC-2Cl achieves a champion PCE of 14.75% (certified as 13.78%) with a very low energy loss of 0.48 eV. These results provide critical insight into the ternary strategy and encourage re-evaluation and re-study of the photoactive materials previously reported with moderate performance.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,non-fullerene acceptor,panchromatic,energy loss
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Achieving Organic Solar Cells with efficiency over 14% based on a non-Fullerene Acceptor incorporating the Cyclopentathiophene unit Fused backbone
摘要： The cyclopentadithiophene (CPT) unit is a classic building block for constructing organic semiconductor materials with excellent performances. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new acceptor BCPT-4F, incorporating a CPT fused central backbone. BCPT-4F shows a redshift absorption in near-infrared region compared with CPT based acceptors with unfused backbone. Importantly, the photovoltaic device based on PBDB-T:BCPT-4F gave a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.43% with a high short circuit current density of 22.96 mA cm?2. Furtherly,based on the above binary device, the ternary device with F-Br as the third component achieved a high PCE of 14.23%, which is presently the highest efficiency for devices with CPT based photovoltaic materials.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,non-fullerene acceptor,ternary device,cyclopentadithiophene,organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Light Harvesting at Oblique Incidence Decoupled from Transmission in Organic Solar Cells Exhibiting 9.8% Efficiency and 50% Visible Light Transparency
摘要： For many years, it has been recognized that potential organic photovoltaic cells must be integrated into elements requiring high transparency. In most of such elements, sunlight is likely to be incident at large angles. Here it is demonstrated that light transmission can be largely decoupled from harvesting by optically tailoring an infrared shifted nonfullerene acceptor based organic cell architecture. A 9.67% power conversion efficiency at 50° incidence is achieved together with an average visual transmission above 50% at normal incidence. The deconstruction of a 1D nanophotonic structure is implemented to conclude that just two λ/4 thick layers are essential to reach, for a wide incidence angle range, a higher than 50% efficiency increase relative to the standard configuration reference. In an outdoor measurement of vertically positioned 50% visible transparent cells, it is demonstrated that 9.80% of sunlight energy can be converted into electricity during the course of 1 day.
关键词： transparent solar cells,near-infrared ternary blends,1-D nanophotonic structures,optical trapping,oblique incidence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Non-fullerene acceptor fibrils enable efficient ternary organic solar cells with 16.6% efficiency
摘要： Optimizing the components and morphology within the photoactive layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) can significantly enhance their power conversion efficiency (PCE). A new A-D-A type non-fullerene acceptor IDMIC-4F is designed and synthesized in this work, and is employed as the third component to prepare high performance ternary solar cells. IDMIC-4F can form fibrils after solution casting, and the presence of this fibrillar structure in the PBDB-T-2F:BTP-4F host confines the growth of donors and acceptors into fine domains, as well as acting as transport channels to enhance electron mobility. Single junction ternary devices incorporating 10 wt% IDMIC-4F exhibit enhanced light absorption and balanced carrier mobility, and achieve a maximum PCE of 16.6% compared to 15.7% for the binary device, which is a remarkable efficiency for OSCs reported in literature. This non-fullerene acceptor fibril network strategy is a promising method to improve the photovoltaic performance of ternary OSCs.
关键词： ternary solar cells,non-fullerene acceptor fibrils,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fullerene's ring: A new strategy to improve the performance of fullerene organic solar cells
摘要： Fullerene is a common acceptor of organic solar cells (OSCs), therefore, it is of great significance to improve the performance of fullerene OSCs. Meanwhile, π-π stacking plays a crucial part in charge transfer and transport, so improving π-π stacking of fullerene OSCs is vital for achieving high efficiency in OSCs. In this work, we report a new strategy of adding [9]cycloparaphenylene ([9]CPP) as the third component in active layers, which affects the π-π stacking and improves the short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). As a result, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.03% was obtained in PTB7-Th:[9]CPP:PC71BM ternary OSCs, which is nearly 20% higher than that of binary devices. At the same time, after [9]CPP is added PBDB-T:PC71BM and PTB7-Th:PCBM binary OSCs the PCE increases by 20% and 10% respectively. [9]CPP and fullerene acceptors formed [9]CPP?fullerenes system due to concave-convex π-π interactions, which was verified by density functional theory (DFT), and this system is first reported in OSCs. [9]CPP?fullerenes system affects the π-π stacking of acceptors, not only promotes charge transfer between donor and acceptor, but also enhances charge transport between the acceptor, thus improving the JSC. Furthermore, with the help of [9]CPP?fullerene system, the whole film is formed a nano-inter-transmission network, obtained a better appearance and improved FF. The results show that encapsulating fullerene of [9]CPP is indeed a resultful strategy for improving the performance of fullerene OSCs.
关键词： organic solar cells,cycloparaphenylenes,fullerene acceptors,ternary solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Improving the photovoltaic performance of CdSe0.2S0.8 alloyed quantum dot sensitized solar cells using CdMnSe outer quantum dot
摘要： In this paper, by introducing the Mn-doped CdSe (CdMnSe) layer as outer quantum dot (QD) on ternary CdSe0.2S0.8 QDs surface, we developed an effective way to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CdSexS1-x alloyed quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) when the molar ratio of Se/Na2S·9H2O is 1:4. As a result, a cascade band structure and the midgap states which favorable for electron injection and the hole transport, are obtained when the concentration of Cd2+, Se2+ and Mn2+ ions are 0.5, 0.5 and 0.05 M, respectively, in the CdMnSe outer QD deposited by the successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) method with three cycles. Hence, with using polysulfide electrolyte and Cu2S-brass as counter electrode, the measured PCE for the CdSe0.2S0.8/10%CdMnSe QDSSC is 5.420% (Voc = 0.70 V, Jsc = 16.834 mA.cm?2, and FF = 0.460) at AM 1.5G, which is higher than the PCE of 4.327% for the device with bare CdSe0.2S0.8 QDs or a ~25.5% increase. Our findings indicate that such improvement in PCE is caused by the increasing of light-absorption, decrease of the surface roughness, improvement of electrons transfer from QDs to TiO2 CB, reduction of electrons recombination and thereby, the increasing collection of electrons in TiO2 film.
关键词： CdMnSe outer QD,Ternary CdSe0.2S0.8 QDs,Quantum dot sensitized solar cells,Cascade band structure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of Photophysical Properties of Ternary Zn–Ga–S Quantum Dots: Band Gap versus Sub-Band-Gap Excitations and Emissions
摘要： Highly luminescent ternary Zn?Ga?S quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a noninjection method by varying Zn/Ga ratios. X-ray diffraction and Raman investigations demonstrate composition-dependent changes with multiple phases including ZnGa2S4, ZnS, and Ga2S3 in all samples. Two distinct excitation pathways were identified from absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra; among them, one is due to the band-gap transition appearing at around 375 and 395 nm, whereas another one observed nearby 505 nm originates from sub-band-gap defect states. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these QDs depict multiple emission noticeable at around 410, 435, 461, and 477 nm arising from crystallographic point defects formed within the band gap. The origin of these defects including zinc interstitials (IZn), zinc vacancies (VZn), sulfur interstitials (IS), sulfur vacancies (VS), and gallium vacancies (VGa) has been discussed in detail by proposing an energy-level diagram. Further, the time-dependent PL decay curve strongly suggests that the tail emission (appear around 477 nm) in these ternary QDs arises due to donor?acceptor pair recombination. This study enables us to understand the PL mechanism in new series of Zn?Ga?S ternary QDs and can be useful for the future utilization of these QDs in photovoltaic and display devices.
关键词： photophysical properties,ternary Zn?Ga?S quantum dots,sub-band-gap defect states,donor?acceptor pair recombination,photoluminescence,band-gap transition
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modulation of the plasmonic characteristics of Ti-Zr ternary nitride thin films by assisting ions
摘要： Plasmonic Ti-Zr ternary nitride thin films, with ZrNx and TiNx thin films as controls, were prepared with bombardment of assisting ions. The effects of the energy (Ea) and current density (Ja) of assisting ions, on the structure and plasmonic properties of the Ti-Zr ternary nitride thin films were investigated. All the films are B1-structured with a mixed orientation of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). Higher Ea leads to higher nitrogen content and reduced the titanium content. Higher Ja or Ea can reduce the plasmonic resonance frequency and reduce the energy loss. Moreover, the plasmonic quality factors of the films can also be modulated by Ea and Ja in a wide range. It is possible that the change of the conductivity mainly underly the Ion beam modification of the plasmonic characteristics. The results of this work give an effective method to tune the plasmonic performances of ternary nitride films in visible and near infrared region.
关键词： Ion beam assisted deposition,Ternary nitride,Plasmonic,(Ti,Zr)Nx
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Enhanced performance of ternary organic solar cells with a wide bandgap acceptor as the third component
摘要： Two n-type organic semiconductor (n-OS) acceptors, C8-SF and Y-MODF, were designed and synthesized for application in organic solar cells (OSCs). C8-SF shows a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level and lower bandgap with an absorption edge at 822 nm. Y-MODF possesses a relatively larger bandgap and higher LUMO and lower HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy levels than C8-SF. With the polymer PM6 as the donor, the OSC with C8-SF as the acceptor delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.59% with a lower open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.787 V, while the device with Y-MODF as the acceptor exhibits a lower PCE of 8.63% but a higher Voc of 0.984 V benefiting from the higher LUMO of the Y-MODF acceptor. Then, a series of ternary OSCs were fabricated with PM6:C8-SF as the host system and Y-MODF as a third component. The optimal ternary OSCs with 25% Y-MODF incorporated into the acceptor achieve a higher PCE of 13.39%, with an improved Voc of 0.845 V, a Jsc of 20.88 mA cm?2 and a FF of 75.87%. It was found that adding Y-MODF to the PM6:C8-SF binary system suppressed monomolecular recombination and improved the utilization of 450–600 nm range photons. Molecular packing is further optimized with more balanced hole and electron transport, thus resulting in the enhanced Jsc and FF for the ternary OSCs. These results indicate that the addition of a wide bandgap acceptor with a higher LUMO energy level to a binary donor/acceptor system may have potential for Voc and PCE improvement of ternary OSCs.
关键词： ternary OSCs,n-type organic semiconductor,organic solar cells,open circuit voltage,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Trialkylsilylthienyl-Chain-Substituted Small-Molecule Acceptor with Higher-LUMO-Level and Reduced Bandgap for over 16%-Efficiency Fullerene-Free Ternary Solar Cells
摘要： The ternary approach using a smaller bandgap acceptor as the near infrared (NIR) absorber to increase the short-circuit current-density (Jsc) usually decreases the open-circuit voltage (Voc). In this contribution, we report a small-molecular acceptor, IN-4F, which has a reduced bandgap and a higher LUMO level than IT-4F, hence, enabling the concurrent increase in the Jsc and Voc when using as the acceptor guest of the host binary of PM6:IT-4F. IN-4F was judiciously designed by fusing benzodithiophene (BDT) and thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno to make a larger π?system so as to upshift the LUMO level and reduce the optical bandgap, and meanwhile, by substituting the BDT-4,8 positions with trialkylsilylthiophene chains to downshift the HOMO level to match the deep HOMO of PM6. Again, the structural similarity between IN-4F and IT-4F makes the nanoscaled homogeneous fine film-morphology and the ππ?stacking patterns both well-kept, hence, the fill-factor (FF) well-maintained. The IN-4F based binary solar cell shows 13.1% efficiency and its ternary solar cell blended with IT-4F supplies 14.9% efficiency. Again, the use of IN-4F as the guest acceptor of the PM6:Y6 system enables the increase of Voc due to its higher LUMO level, the increase of Jsc because of the increase of charge mobilities, and the maintenance of FF, affording 16.3% efficiency. This work demonstrates that the π?system extending plus the trialkylsilylthiophene chains substitution can be an effective strategy to synthesize a nonfullerene acceptor guest to realize a ternary material system which enables to increase Voc from its entanglement with Jsc (an issue of the current material approach).
关键词： small-molecule acceptor,higher LUMO level,nonfullerene acceptor,reduced bandgap,ternary solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52