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An innovative method of retrieving images through clusters, means and wavelet transformation
摘要： This paper introduces a new method CLMWT(cluster local mean wavelet transform) using the primitive features like color, texture and shape in which the features are extracted by using different components of an image using various methods clustering, local mean histogram and wavelet transform. This manuscript exhibit a technique CLMWT to extort texture, color and shape features of an image hastily for content based image retrieval. First clustering is done for the image and then local mean is applied and based on wavelet transform technique compression is done and the mean is calculated for the compressed image. Related to this way of extraction a CBIR method is intended with color, texture and shape by forming the mean of the feature vector. The proposed work CLMWT checks its performance of the method with other methods accordingly this approach gives better performance than using two combinations.
关键词： Histogram,Content based,Image retrieval,Color,Texture,Shape,Wavelet,Local mean
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fatigue of Materials at Very High Numbers of Loading Cycles (Experimental Techniques, Mechanisms, Modeling and Fatigue Life Assessment) || Three-dimensional characterization of duplex stainless steel by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction imaging techniques
摘要： The combined use of X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) and X-ray phase imaging techniques like phase contrast tomography and holotomography enable non-destructive characterization of the three dimensional grain and phase microstructure in austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel. Phase contrast tomography highlights discontinuities of the refractive index inside a material and is therefore ideally suited for imaging fatigue cracks and phase boundaries. The acquisition of phase images at multiple propagation distances allows for the two-step procedure of phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction of the refractive index via holotomography. Combined with appropriate regularization and segmentation techniques, this technique provides the sensitivity to discriminate the minute difference in electron density between the austenitic and ferritic constituent phases of duplex steel. X-ray diffraction contrast tomography on the other hand exploits X-ray Bragg diffraction signals of the individual crystallites and yields three-dimensional grain orientation maps for each of the constituent phases (austenite and ferrite). Merging the results of both imaging modalities, the fidelity of the inter-phase boundaries (derived from X-ray holotomography) can be used to enhance the spatial fidelity of the 3D grain orientation maps produced by DCT. We have combined this microstructure characterization scheme with time lapse observations of a propagating fatigue crack by means of repeated phase contrast tomography inspection during an interrupted fatigue test. Access to the crack growth history and the crystallographic microstructure allow for qualitative analysis of fatigue crack – microstructure interactions and provides valuable input for refinement and benchmarking of image based crystal plasticity finite element calculations.
关键词： texture,fatigue cracks,microstructural barriers,X-ray diffraction contrast tomography,residual strain,X-ray orientation imaging,annealing twins,X-ray phase contrast tomography
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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On-machine texturing of PCD micro-tools for dry micro-slot grinding of BK7 glass
摘要： While using diamond micro-tools for micro-grinding, tool re-clamping errors and low chip removal space from machining zone are the primary factors which cause large vibrations, higher grinding forces and poor surface quality. On-machine tool preparation and tool texturing prior to micro-grinding can reduce tool re-clamping error. It can further help to reduce the tool-workpiece contact area along with enhanced chip removal from the machining zone speci?cally essential during dry micro-grinding as usage of the cutting ?uid should be minimized or completely avoided for environmental aspects. In this study, end faces of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micro-tools have been on-machine textured using micro electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM) process. Four types of textured tools are envisaged viz. tool with one micro-cavity at the center of the end face (T2), one micro-groove along the end face diameter (T3), two intersecting micro-grooves at the end face (T4) and four intersecting micro-grooves at the end face (T5). A new term “contact area ratio” is de?ned to explain the texture dimension on the end face of the micro-grinding tools. Performances of di?erent micro-textured tools (T2, T3, T4 and T5) with respect to a normal commercial tool (T1) in terms of grinding force, surface roughness and micro-slot quality are investigated for micro-slot grinding of BK7 glass. It is observed that micro-textured micro-grinding tool e?ciently serves the purpose of provisional chip collection in passive grinding areas of the tool whereas chip adhesion or wear on the active grinding areas signi?cantly gets reduced as compared to un-textured tools. Maximum reductions in the x and y direction forces are observed with tool type T5 compared to all other tool types. Reduction in z direction force is comparable for both tool types T2 and T3. Average surface roughness decreased from tool type T1 to type T2, T3 and up to tool type T4 whereas it again increased for tool type T5. The current study shows that textured micro-grinding tools are capable of reducing high normal forces, surface roughness and material dragging which are major concerns during micro-grinding with ?at-end poly-crystalline diamond tools.
关键词： Polycrystalline diamond tool,Micro-texture,Micro-grinding,BK7 glass,Surface roughness,Grinding force,Micro-EDM
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Assessment of Component Selection Strategies in Hyperspectral Imagery
摘要： Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) integrates many continuous and narrow bands that cover different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, the main challenge is the high dimensionality of HSI data due to the 'Hughes' phenomenon. Thus, dimensionality reduction is necessary before applying classification algorithms to obtain accurate thematic maps. We focus the study on the following feature-extraction algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). After a literature survey, we have observed a lack of a comparative study on these techniques as well as accurate strategies to determine the number of components. Hence, the first objective was to compare traditional dimensionality reduction techniques (PCA, MNF, and ICA) in HSI of the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor and to evaluate different strategies for selecting the most suitable number of components in the transformed space. The second objective was to determine a new dimensionality reduction approach by dividing the CASI HSI regarding the spectral regions covering the electromagnetic spectrum. The components selected from the transformed space of the different spectral regions were stacked. This stacked transformed space was evaluated to see if the proposed approach improves the final classification.
关键词： hyperspectral sensor,remote sensing,texture measurement,classification,feature-extraction,ecosystem management
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Effect of Conditioner Type and Downforce, and Pad Break-In Time, on Pad Surface Micro-Texture in Chemical Mechanical Planarization
摘要： The impact of conditioner types and downforces during pad break-in, and the resulting effects on the evolution of pad surface micro-texture was investigated. Two different conditioning discs were used with 3 possible downforces to break-in pads. Pad samples were extracted throughout the break-in process and confocal microscopy was used to analyze the samples for their surface micro-topography and pad-wafer contact. Results showed that all experimental cases resulted in similar trends of mean summit height. More importantly, each case resulted in a different evolution of summit height distribution. Comparing the two discs used, one disc was observed to be more sensitive to changes in downforce compared to the other. The differences in the behavior of the two discs is explained by the differences in cutting mechanics, which is due to the different characteristics of the two discs. Both discs generated large amounts of pad fragments, which were shown to cause pore obscuration on the pad surface. In 4 out of 5 cases, the pad surface micro-texture stabilized within 30 minutes of break-in and all cases stabilized within 60 minutes. This work demonstrated the importance of understanding how different conditioner types react to changes in downforce when breaking-in a pad.
关键词： conditioner types,downforce,pad break-in,Chemical Mechanical Planarization,pad surface micro-texture
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Blind Image Quality Assessment Using Multiscale Local Binary Patterns
摘要： This article proposes a new no-reference image quality assessment method that is able to blindly predict the quality of an image. The method is based on a machine learning technique that uses texture descriptors. In the proposed method, texture features are computed by decomposing images into texture information using multiscale local binary pattern (MLBP) operators. In particular, the parameters of local binary pattern operators are varied, which generates MLBP operators. The features used for training the prediction algorithm are the histograms of these MLBP channels. The results show that, when compared with other state-of-the-art no-reference methods, the proposed method is competitive in terms of prediction precision and computational complexity.
关键词： MLBP,machine learning,multiscale local binary pattern,texture descriptors,no-reference image quality assessment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering] Recent Trends in Communication, Computing, and Electronics Volume 524 (Select Proceedings of IC3E 2018) || Classification of Normal and Abnormal Retinal Images by Using Feature-Based Machine Learning Approach
摘要： The human eye is one of the most beautiful and important sense organs of human body as it allows visual perception by reacting to light and pressure. Human eyes are capable of differentiating approximately 10 million colors. It contains more than 2 million tissues and cells. Along with these entire specialties, human eyes are the most delicate and sensitive organ. If not taken proper care, it may be infected with various diseases like glaucoma, myopia, hyper-myopia, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular disease. Therefore, early-stage detection of these diseases could help in curing them completely and prevent from complete blindness. In this paper, we propose an approach to classify the normal (healthy) and abnormal (disease-infected) retinal images by using retinal image feature-based machine learning classification approach. The performance of proposed approach by using SVM classifier is 77.3%, which is found better with respect to the other classifiers like k-NN, linear discriminant, quadratic discriminant and decision tree classifiers.
关键词： Machine learning and classification,Texture features,Retina images
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Laser shock peening modified surface texturing, microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene dispersion strengthened aluminium nanocomposites
摘要： The present work has important implications for the use of graphene as reinforcement and interlocking the grains in nanocomposites. In order to achieve this, low energy laser shock peening (LSP) assessed on graphene (0.4 wt %) - AA 7075 nanocomposites fabricated through powder metallurgy (PM) technique and hot extrusion (28:1 extrusion ratio). As a consequence, substantial improvement in microstructure observed for the nanocomposites up to 400 μm depth. The added graphene serves the pinning effect and blocks the grain growth in the nanocomposites. LSP contribute the additional grain refinement effectively along interlocking the grains by graphene called pinned dislocation core in the nanocomposites leading to large deformation texture strengthening. Addition of graphene found to have improved in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) by 42.93 %, LSP has contributed 10.66 %.
关键词： Laser Shock Peening (LSP),Dislocation,Nanocomposites,Graphene,Texture
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Evaluation of texture features at staging liver fibrosis based on phase contrast X-ray imaging
摘要： Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of phase contrast imaging to detect fibrotic progress in its early stage; to investigate the feasibility of texture features for quantified diagnosis of liver fibrosis; and to evaluate the performance of back propagation (BP) neural net classifier for characterization and classification of liver fibrosis. Methods: Fibrous mouse liver samples were imaged by X-ray phase contrast imaging, nine texture measures based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix were calculated and the feasibility of texture features in the characterization and discrimination of liver fibrosis at early stages was investigated. Furthermore, 36 or 18 features were applied to the input of BP classifier; the classification performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The phase contrast images displayed a vary degree of texture pattern from normal to severe fibrosis stages. The BP classifier could distinguish liver fibrosis among normal, mild, moderate and severe stages; the average accuracy was 95.1% for 36 features, and 91.1% for 18 features. Conclusion: The study shows that early stages of liver fibrosis can be discriminated by the morphological features on the phase contrast images. BP network model based on combination of texture features is demonstrated effective for staging liver fibrosis.
关键词： Liver fibrosis,Phase contrast imaging,Mouse liver specimen,Neural network,Texture features
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Quantitative measurement of contrast, texture, color, and noise for digital photography of high dynamic range scenes
摘要： Today, most advanced mobile phone cameras integrate multi-image technologies such as high dynamic range (HDR) imaging. The objective of HDR imaging is to overcome some of the limitations imposed by the sensor physics, which limit the performance of small camera sensors used in mobile phones compared to larger sensors used in digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. In this context, it becomes more and more important to establish new image quality measurement protocols and test scenes that can differentiate the image quality performance of these devices. In this work, we describe image quality measurements for HDR scenes covering local contrast preservation, texture preservation, color consistency, and noise stability. By monitoring these four attributes in both the bright and dark parts of the image, over different dynamic ranges, we benchmarked four leading smartphone cameras using different technologies and contrasted the results with subjective evaluations.
关键词： image quality,texture preservation,color consistency,high dynamic range,noise stability,contrast preservation,HDR
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14