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Demonstration of complementarity between path information and interference with thermal light
摘要： We report an experimental demonstration of complementarity between path information and interference in second-order correlation with thermal light. The key apparatus is a Sagnac interferometer in which an off-axis slit is inserted. Two orthogonal thermal light beams travel through the slit clockwise and anticlockwise in the interferometer. The second-order interference fringes vanish when the path information is acquired. The interference fringes are revived when the path information is effaced.
关键词： path information,second-order correlation,thermal light,Sagnac interferometer,complementarity,interference
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Generation of N00N-like interferences with two thermal light sources
摘要： Measuring the M th-order intensity correlation function of light emitted by two statistically independent thermal light sources may display N00N-like interferences of arbitrary order N = M/2. We show that via a particular choice of detector positions one can isolate M -photon quantum paths where either all M photons are emitted from the same source or M/2 photons are collectively emitted by both sources. The latter superposition displays N00N-like oscillations with N = M/2 which may serve, e.g., in astronomy, for imaging two distant thermal sources with M/2-fold increased resolution. We also discuss slightly modified detection schemes improving the visibility of the N00N-like interference pattern and present measurements verifying the theoretical predictions.
关键词： resolution,quantum paths,intensity correlation function,thermal light sources,N00N-like interferences,imaging,astronomy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Probability theory in conditional-averaging ghost imaging with thermal light
摘要： In ghost imaging with thermal light (GITL), the bucket signals are analog signals playing the role of weights in the algorithms of image reconstruction. However, diverse bucket signals seemed to be completely ignored in conditional-averaging GITL, which was recently proposed by two groups [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 131114 (2012); Chin. Phys. Lett. 29, 074216 (2012)]. Even so, positive and negative ghost images were obtained by averaging just partial reference signals. To understand this effect, one needs to determine the statistical relation between random bucket signals and reference signals. Here, we apply probability theory to GITL by regarding thermal light intensities as stochastic variables, and then deduce the joint probability density function between the bucket and reference signals. Positive and negative images are formed in ensemble averaging of the product of the reference signal and two logic quantities of the bucket signals. The visibility and contrast-to-noise ratio of these images in conditional-averaging GITL are analyzed in detail in both theory and experiment. As for applications, we perform an experiment of remote conditional-averaging GITL and verify that the image quality is maintained when the bucket signals are extremely attenuated. Our method can be applied to any ghost imaging scenarios in which the specific statistics of the optical source is given.
关键词： ghost imaging,visibility,conditional-averaging,probability theory,thermal light,contrast-to-noise ratio
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Ghost polarimetry: ghost imaging of polarization-sensitive objects
摘要： A new method of polarimetry which we have called ‘ghost polarimetry’ is suggested. The principle underlying the ghost imaging concept is generalized to polarization-sensitive objects which change the polarization state of incident light. Our theoretical model treats an object as a Jones matrix. In this approach, the information on the polarization properties of the object is contained in the elements of this matrix. We show that it is possible to connect the elements of Jones matrix with mutual correlation functions of the currents measured in the object arm and in two reference-arms where the signals in two orthogonal polarizations are registered. We demonstrate that the developed method allows to obtain polarization ghost image and therefore to identify the polarization structure of the object. Also it is shown that in order to implement this method the object should be illuminated by unpolarized incoherent light with Gaussian statistics. We believe that expanding the principle of ghost imaging to polarization sensitive objects will expand the diagnostic capabilities of existing polarimetry and ellipsometry technique.
关键词： ghost imaging,polarimetry,thermal light
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14