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Effect of the Interface Improved by Self-Assembled Aromatic Organic Semiconductor Molecules on Performance of OLED
摘要： This work focuses on characterization the performance of enhanced interface of organic light emitting diode (OLED) device by Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) technique. SAM technique is popular in order to overcome the weak bonding at the organic/inorganic interface in OLED. New generation of SAM molecules, phenyl-benzoic-acid (PBA, 4-(9H-carbazol-9-il) benzoic acid (MZ39), 4-(2,5-di-2thienyl-1H-pyrrol-1-il) benzoic acid (MZ25) were coated on between Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The two con?guration of ITO/SAM/TPD/Al and ITO/TPD/Al diode were fabricated as hole-only device to show the contribution of SAM layer on the hole mobility calculated by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) technique. The optical characterization of OLED devices with con?guration ITO/TPD/Alq3/Al and ITO/SAM/TPD/Alq3/Al was performed to see the effect of aromatic SAM molecules on the luminance and quantum ef?ciency. Especially, the SAM modi?ed OLED has a maximum luminance of 397 cd m?2. All devices containing SAM layer showed better performance than reference one.
关键词： Indium Tin Oxide (ITO),quantum efficiency,OLED,luminance,Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC),Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ultrasensitive Ambient-Stable SnSe<sub>2</sub>-based Broadband Photodetectors for Room-Temperature IR/THz Energy conversion and Imaging
摘要： The advent of tin diselenide (SnSe2) enables novel pathways for optoelectronics, due to its reduced cost, ultralow thermal conductivity and high potential for thermoelectricity. To date, SnSe2-based optoelectronic devices have been focused on the visible and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with efficiency sharply decreasing at longer wavelength. Here, we present SnSe2 photodetectors with exfoliated SnSe2 nanosheets extended in the range of THz frequency, exhibiting high responsivity (170 V W-1), fast speed(2.2 μs), as well as room-temperature operation, based on efficient production of hot electrons under deep-subwavelength electromagnetic focus, which outperform thermal-based photodetectors. The outstanding ambient stability of our broadband photodetectors in a timescale of months is due to the chemical inertness of stoichiometric SnSe2 crystals, validated by surface-science experiments. Our results demonstrate the suitability of SnSe2for multispectral sensing and real-time imaging. Our SnSe2-based detectors show high-contrast imaging from terahertz (THz) up to visible.
关键词： Photothermoelectric,Terahertz,Tin diselenide,Broadband photodetector
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Alleviating performance and cost constraints in silicon heterojunction cells with HJT 2.0
摘要： When considering silicon heterojunction technology (HJT) for mass production the most frequently expressed reservations are related to the performance and cost constraints the standard TCO on the cell front side namely thin indium tin oxide (ITO) constitutes. We address these concerns with our HJT 2.0 concept in which the front electrode is made of a bi-layer of ITO that is supplemented by a silicon nitride (SiN) layer. This cell concept was developed to yield an increase in efficiency of typically 0.2% absolute due to improved cell current and a cost saving in the range of 30-40% with respect to cost of ownership (CoO).
关键词： solar cell efficiency,silicon heterojunction technology,cost saving,silicon nitride,indium tin oxide,HJT 2.0
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tin halide perovskite films made of highly oriented 2D crystals enable more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Low toxicity and an ideal energy bandgap make 2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites a promising photovoltaic material. However, the disordered crystal orientation and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrate that the annealing of FASnI3 assisted by phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride enables the formation of more ordered 2D tin-based perovskite crystals oriented vertically. We use in-situ synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to correlate the higher crystal orientation to the better device performance. We measured a maximum power conversion efficiency of >9%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride acts as a barrier layer at the surface of the crystals protecting the tin from the oxidation. Hence, this work paves the way for more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.
关键词： phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride,photovoltaic material,crystal orientation,lead-free perovskite solar cells,oxidation of Sn2+,2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Indenea??C <sub/>60</sub> Bisadduct Electron Transporting Material with the High LUMO Level Enhances Open-Circuit Voltage and Efficiency of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Tin-based halide perovskite materials are promising eco-friendly light absorbers with similar optoelectronic properties to lead-based ones. However, their solar cells have suffered from considerably low open-circuit voltage (VOC) arising from mismatched energy levels between tin-based perovskite and charge-transporting layers because they imitate typical device structures developed for lead-based ones. Herein we report the unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of electron transporting layer (ETL) significantly affects VOC of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in contrast to lead-based ones. The indene?C60 bisadduct (ICBA) ETL with the much higher LUMO level than typical ETLs decreases an energy off-set with the conduction band minimum of mixed formamidinium/phenylethylammonium tin iodide (FA0.9PEA0.1SnI3)-based perovskite material. The resultantly reduced VOC loss at their interface gives a VOC of 0.651 V, the highest to date for FASnI3-based PSCs. An achieved champion PCEs reaches 7.05%. This result highlights the importance of redesigning device structures dedicated to tin-based PSCs.
关键词： open-circuit voltage,electron transportation,perovskite solar cells,lead-free,tin
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ferroelectricity of Hf <sub/>x</sub> Zr <sub/>1?x</sub> O <sub/>2</sub> Thin Films Fabricated Using TiN Stressor and ZrO <sub/>2</sub> Nucleation Techniques
摘要： We studied the ferroelectricity and the leakage current (J) properties of the TiN/ZrO2/HfxZr1?xO2/ZrO2/TiN capacitor (D-ZrO2) with the ZrO2 nucleation layers, comparing to the TiN/HfxZr1?xO2/TiN capacitor (D-TiN) with the TiN stressor layers. The larger ferroelectric phase ratio was achieved by the epitaxial like grain growth of the HfxZr1?xO2 film on the surface of the top- and bottom-ZrO2 nucleation layers. Thus, the larger remanent polarization (2Pr = 29 μC/cm2) of D-ZrO2 was obtained compared to that (24 μC/cm2) of D-TiN. Moreover, the J value of D-ZrO2 was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of D-TiN. Therefore, these results suggest that the superior ferroelectricity of HZO film can be obtained using the ZrO2 nucleation technique instead of the TiN stressor technique.
关键词： HfxZr1?xO2,Thin Films,Ferroelectricity,ZrO2 Nucleation,TiN Stressor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Prominent radiative contributions from multiply-excited states in laser-produced tin plasma for nanolithography
摘要： Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is currently entering high-volume manufacturing to enable the continued miniaturization of semiconductor devices. The required EUV light, at 13.5 nm wavelength, is produced in a hot and dense laser-driven tin plasma. The atomic origins of this light are demonstrably poorly understood. Here we calculate detailed tin opacity spectra using the Los Alamos atomic physics suite ATOMIC and validate these calculations with experimental comparisons. Our key finding is that EUV light largely originates from transitions between multiply-excited states, and not from the singly-excited states decaying to the ground state as is the current paradigm. Moreover, we find that transitions between these multiply-excited states also contribute in the same narrow window around 13.5 nm as those originating from singly-excited states, and this striking property holds over a wide range of charge states. We thus reveal the doubly magic behavior of tin and the origins of the EUV light.
关键词： multiply-excited states,tin plasma,EUV lithography,atomic physics,opacity spectra
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Rapid Scalable Processing of Tin Oxide Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The development of scalable deposition methods for perovskite solar cell materials is critical to enable the commercialisation of this nascent technology. Herein, we investigate the use and processing of nanoparticle SnO2 films as electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells, and develop deposition methods for ultrasonic spray-coating and slot-die coating, leading to photovoltaic device efficiencies over 19%. The effects of post-processing treatments (thermal annealing, UV ozone and O2 plasma) are then probed using structural and spectroscopic techniques to characterise the nature of the np-SnO2/perovskite interface. We show that a brief ‘hot air flow’ method can be used to replace an extended thermal anneal, confirming that this approach is compatible with high-throughput processing. Our results highlight the importance of interface management to minimise nonradiative losses, as well as providing a deeper understanding of the processing requirements for large area deposition of nanoparticle metal oxides.
关键词： spray-coating,interfaces,SnO2,perovskite solar cells,scalable processing,tin oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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FTO-TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic degradation of triphenyltin chloride coupled to photoelectro-Fenton: A mechanistic study
摘要： A powerful, simple and stable transparent photoanode based on TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) was synthesized for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of the organometallic pollutant triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl). Contrasting with most of the works on photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), FTO-TiO2 was found to be an excellent anode material for the degradation/mineralization of organic pollutants at high anodic potentials through the formation of electrochemically-induced hVB+ (dark PEC), showing a similar behavior as the so-called 'non-active' anodes like the powerful boron doped diamond electrode (BDD). The electrocatalytic efficiency was enhanced by the photoexcitation of TiO2 under UV light (PEC) and by coupling with photoelectro-Fenton (PEC-PEF): this resulted in complete degradation of TPTCl in 15 min (kapp = 0.274 min-1) and total mineralization in 2 h. The mechanisms governing the photoelectrocatalytic processes are investigated in detail by means of electrochemical measurements and chemical probes, and a mineralization pathway for TPTCl is proposed.
关键词： photoelectro-Fenton,photoelectrocatalysis,fluorine-doped tin oxide,organotin pollutants,Dark PEC
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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ZnO Nanosheets Modified with Graphene Quantum Dots and SnO2 Quantum Nanoparticles for Room-Temperature H2S Sensing
摘要： Overcoming the low selectivity issue of semiconductor oxide (SMO)-based gas sensors at room temperature and realizing the accurate detection of trace disease biomarkers are highly desirable for widespread deployments of sensors in exhaled breath. Here, a self-assembly strategy is proposed to create a graphene quantum dot (GQD) functionalized porous and hierarchical SnO2 quantum nanoparticles (SnO2QNP)/ZnO nanostructure. SnO2QNP/ZnO nanosheets self-assembled directly on the digital integrated electrodes with a post-synthetic humidity treatment (psHT), the construction of GQD and SnO2QNP loaded ZnO nanosheet heterostructure is highly controllable and reproducible. The strong synergistic effect and p-n heterojunction between the p-type GQD and n-type SnO2 and ZnO effectively enlarged the resistance variation due to the change in oxygen adsorption. In comparison with pristine ZnO and SnO2/ZnO sensors, the GQD modified hierarchical SnO2QNP/ZnO nanostructure exhibited a remarkably high response (S=15.9 for 0.1 ppm H2S) and rapid response/recovery time (14/13s), and good selectivity towards H2S against other interfering gases. In particular, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the sensing performance of GQD-SnO2QNP/ZnO sensor and found that the combined effects of GQD/SnO2QNP/ZnO heterointerfaces contributed to the improvement of selectivity of sensors. The results demonstrate that the GQD modified SMO with the hierarchical structure has a high potential in the non-invasive exhaled diagnosis.
关键词： graphene quantum dot,principal component analysis,exhaled diagnosis,gas sensor,zinc oxide nanosheet,tin dioxide quantum nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01