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- 实验方案
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs) - Banda Aceh (2018.9.19-2018.9.20)] 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs)(44501) - Performance Comparison Between PID and Fuzzy Algorithm for Sun Tracker Based on Tetrahedron Geometry Sensor
摘要： The amount of solar energy could be acquired optimally by proper tracking of sun movement in a sun tracker. A sun tracker is a device which tracks the sun as it moves on its path through the sky during the day, exposing the solar cells to an increased amount of sunlight and hence producing more electricity. In this paper, we compare the performance and optimization of two types of sun tracker based on tetrahedron geometry using PID and Fuzzy logic algorithm. These two sun trackers are built identically and experimental data acquisition of servo movement and load of solar cell performed side by side. PID and fuzzy logic algorithm are used to control the servo movement of the dual-axis sun tracker. We record the load received by solar cell which attached to both sun tracker and compare the result. The study shows that fuzzy logic algorithm controller performs better than PID controller which can be seen from the amount of load received by solar cell.
关键词： sun tracker,solar cell,PID,fuzzy algorithm,data logging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE XXVII International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2018.9.13-2018.9.15)] 2018 IEEE XXVII International Scientific Conference Electronics - ET - Algorithm for Single Axis Solar Tracker
摘要： The Sun gives us PW’s free of charge renewable energy, which can be converted into electricity by photovoltaic panels or into heat by sun collectors. Algorithm and hardware block diagram of single axis solar tracker are made in this paper. Also a comparison is made between a single axis solar tracking photo voltaic system and a fixed one. One axis solar tracking system gets average up to 30% more solar energy in comparison with the static one.
关键词： Solar Energy,Microcontroller,Photovoltaic,Green Energy,Solar Tracker
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A novel fiber Bragg grating system for eye tracking
摘要： Eye movement evaluation is vital for diagnosis of various ophthalmological and neurological disorders. The present study proposes a novel, noninvasive, wearable device to acquire the eye movement based on a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensor. The proposed Fiber Bragg Grating Eye Tracker (FBGET) can capture the displacement of the eyeball during its movements in the form of strain variations on a cantilever. The muscular displacement generated by the eyeball over the lower eyelid, by its swiveling action while moving the gaze on a target object, is converted into strain variations on a cantilever. The developed FBGET is investigated for dynamic tracking of the eye- gaze movement for various actions of the eye such as fixations, saccades and main sequence. This approach was validated by recording the eye movement using the developed FBGET as well as conventional camera-based eye tracker methodology simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and the real-time applicability of the proposed FBGET as an eye tracking device. In conclusion, the present study illustrates a novel methodology involving displacement of lower eyelid for eye tracking application along with the employment of FBG sensors to carry out the same. The proposed FBGET can be utilized in both clinical and hospital environment for diagnostic purposes owing to its advantages of wear-ability and ease of implementation making it a point of care device
关键词： Eye Tracker,Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor,Eye muscular movement detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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3-D People Counting with a Stereo Camera on GPU Embedded Board
摘要： People counting in surveillance cameras is a key technology for understanding the flow population and generating heat maps. In recent years, people detection performance has been greatly improved with the development of object detection algorithms using deep learning. However, in places where people are crowded, the detection rate is low as people are often occluded by other people. We proposed a people-counting method using a stereo camera to resolve the non-detection problem due to the occlusion. We applied stereo matching to extract the depth image and convert the camera view to top view using depth information. People were detected using a height map and an occupancy map, and people were tracked and counted using a Kalman filter-based tracker. We operated the proposed method on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 to check the real-time operation possibility on the embedded board. Experimental results showed that the proposed method had higher accuracy than the existing methods and that real-time processing is possible.
关键词： NVIDIA Jetson TX2,occlusion,view projection,stereo matching,Kalman filter tracker,3-D people counting
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Measuring the Spatial Noise of a Low-Cost Eye Tracker to Enhance Fixation Detection
摘要： The present study evaluates the quality of gaze data produced by a low-cost eye tracker (The Eye Tribe?, The Eye Tribe, Copenhagen, Denmark) in order to verify its suitability for the performance of scienti?c research. An integrated methodological framework, based on arti?cial eye measurements and human eye tracking data, is proposed towards the implementation of the experimental process. The obtained results are used to remove the modeled noise through manual ?ltering and when detecting samples (?xations). The outcomes aim to serve as a robust reference for the veri?cation of the validity of low-cost solutions, as well as a guide for the selection of appropriate ?xation parameters towards the analysis of experimental data based on the used low-cost device. The results show higher deviation values for the real test persons in comparison to the arti?cial eyes, but these are still acceptable to be used in a scienti?c setting.
关键词： ?xation detection algorithm,low-cost eye tracker,arti?cial eyes,spatial noise
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC) - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2018.10.18-2018.10.20)] 2018 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC) - Compact Diversity Multi-band Antennas Using for Low Power Communication Standards
摘要： In this paper, two PIFA multi-band antennas are presented. They are placed at two opposite sides of FR4 PCB. First antenna operates at the frequencies of 0.868 MHz, 1.57 GHz and 2.4 GHz, meanwhile another has the resonant frequencies of 1.57 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The obtained bandwidths cover BLE, GPS and LoRa that are the low power wireless communication standard. Thanks to these specifications, the proposed antenna can be used for the small tracking devices. With the dimension of 0.04λ x 0.07λ (λ is the wavelength at frequency of 0.868 MHz), the antennas provide the radiation efficiency higher than -5 dB for using in LoRa, GPS and BLE. The proposed antennas are simulated and optimized by using HFSS software.
关键词： tracker,LoRa,IoT,multi-band antenna,BLE,GPS
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Solar hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis
摘要： Electricity generation via direct conversion of solar energy with zero carbon dioxide emission is essential from the aspect of energy supply security as well as from the aspect of environmental protection. Therefore, this paper presents a system for hydrogen production via water electrolysis using a 960 Wp solar power plant. The results obtained from the monitoring of photovoltaic modules mounted in pairs on a fixed, a single-axis and a dual-axis solar tracker were examined to determine if there is a possibility to couple them with an electrolyzer. Energy performance of each photovoltaic system was recorded and analyzed during a period of one year, and the data were monitored on an online software service. Estimated parameters, such as monthly solar irradiance, solar electricity production, optimal angle, monthly ambient temperature, and capacity factor were compared to the observed data. In order to get energy efficiency as high as possible, a novel alkaline electrolyzer of bipolar design was constructed. Its design and operating UI characteristic are described. The operating UI characteristics of photovoltaic modules were tuned to the electrolyzer operating UI characteristic to maximize production. The calculated hydrogen rate of production was 1.138 g per hour. During the study the system produced 1.234 MWh of energy, with calculated of 1.31 MWh, which could power 122 houses, and has offset 906 kg of carbon or an equivalent of 23 trees.
关键词： Solar tracker,Solar energy,Photovoltaic module,Hydrogen,Alkaline electrolyzer,Water electrolysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[ACM Press the 24th Annual International Conference - New Delhi, India (2018.10.29-2018.11.02)] Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking - MobiCom '18 - Battery-Free Eye Tracker on Glasses
摘要： This paper presents a battery-free wearable eye tracker that tracks both the 2D position and diameter of a pupil based on its light absorption property. With a few near-infrared (NIR) lights and photodiodes around the eye, NIR lights sequentially illuminate the eye from various directions while photodiodes sense spatial patterns of reflected light, which are used to infer pupil’s position and diameter on the fly via a lightweight inference algorithm. The system also exploits characteristics of different eye movement stages and adjusts its sensing and computation accordingly for further energy savings. A prototype is built with off-the-shelf hardware components and integrated into a regular pair of glasses. Experiments with 22 participants show that the system achieves 0.8-mm mean error in tracking pupil position (2.3 mm at the 95th percentile) and 0.3-mm mean error in tracking pupil diameter (0.9 mm at the 95th percentile) at 120-Hz output frame rate, consuming 395μW mean power supplied by two small, thin solar cells on glasses side arms.
关键词： photodiodes,near-infrared,pupil tracking,energy savings,wearable,battery-free,eye tracker
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE SoutheastCon 2018 - St. Petersburg, FL (2018.4.19-2018.4.22)] SoutheastCon 2018 - An Examination of Dichotomous and Centroid Tracking of a Monopulse Angle Tracking Unit
摘要： The engineering community is confident in its assessment of how an angle tracker will perform in a multi-target environment as the target-to-tracker range decreases, causing targets to leave the tracker antenna beam. When one target signal dominates due to the angular separation of the targets, the tracker will center on the dominating signal. It is not well understood how the tracker will behave when angle separation is not the limiting factor in signal strength. That topic is addressed in this paper. Specifically, we show how angle error signal normalization impacts track loop dynamics in a dual target scenario. If the error signal is normalized by an Automatic Gain Control (AGC), the behavior will depend upon the Doppler frequency separation of the two targets relative to the AGC bandwidth. The problem is addressed from a theoretical perspective, and via simulation. The theoretical and simulation results agree well.
关键词： simulation,AGC,angle tracker,Automatic Gain Control,Doppler frequency,monopulse
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Designing a Dual Axis Solar Tracking System for Maximum Power
摘要： The main purpose of this paper is to present a control system which will cause better alignment of Photo voltaic (PV) array with sun light and to harvest solar power. The proposed system changes its direction in two axis to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting the difference between position of sun and panel. Hardware testing of the proposed system is done for checking the system ability to track and follow the sunlight in an efficient way. Dual axis solar tracking system superiority over single axis solar tracking system is also presented.
关键词： Solar,Single axis,Irradiance,Tracker,DC motor,Dual axis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01