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A Turbulence-Oriented Approach to Retrieve Various Atmospheric Parameters Using Advanced Lidar Data Processing Techniques
摘要： The article is aimed at presenting a semi-empirical model coded and computed in the programming language Python, which utilizes data gathered with a standard biaxial elastic lidar platform in order to calculate the altitude profiles of the structure coefficients of the atmospheric refraction index C2N(z) and other associated turbulence parameters. Additionally, the model can be used to calculate the PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) height, and other parameters typically employed in the field of astronomy. Solving the Fernard–Klett inversion by correlating sun-photometer data obtained through our AERONET site with lidar data, it can yield the atmospheric extinction and backscatter profiles α(z) and β(z), and thus obtain the atmospheric optical depth. Finally, several theoretical notions of interest that utilize the solved parameters are presented, such as approximated relations between C2N(z) and the atmospheric temperature profile T(z), and between the scintillation of backscattered lidar signal and the average wind speed profile U(z). These obtained profiles and parameters also have several environmental applications that are connected directly and indirectly to human health and well-being, ranging from understanding the transport of aerosols in the atmosphere and minimizing the errors in measuring it, to predicting extreme, and potentially-damaging, meteorological events.
关键词： RCS,temperature profile,structure coefficients,environment,human health,atmospheric extinction,atmospheric backscatter,wind speed profile,lidar,turbulence
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Multi-aperture fiber coherent combining system in urban horizontal atmospheric laser link
摘要： Multi-aperture receiver with optical combining architecture is an effective approach to overcome the turbulent atmosphere effect on the performance of the free-space optical (FSO) communications. In this paper, we built a 1 km urban horizontal link, and adopted beam combining system with four apertures at receiver. By analogy with aperture smoothing factor, we proposed the concept of fluctuation suppression ratio to evaluate the mitigation ability of the system on atmospheric fading. The experimental results confirmed that the beam combining system can perform best when the aperture interval is larger than the coherent length, and the performance decreases with the increase of the coherent length. Moreover, we found that the change of phase differences between the input beams is more than 40 ??rad, which provides reference for future system design.
关键词： Scintillation index,Atmospheric turbulence,Multi-aperture,Optical coherent combining
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Capacity analysis of free space optical communication system under atmospheric turbulence
摘要： In this paper, the analytical channel capacity of the free space optical (FSO) system under weak, moderate and strong turbulence is derived. The FSO channel statistics follows the log-normal distribution under weak turbulence and follows the Gamma–Gamma distribution under moderate and strong turbulence. The three generally used adaptive transmission schemes in FSO communication system are as follows (1) optimal simultaneous power and rate adaptation, (2) optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power, and (3) truncated channel inversion with a fixed rate. The closed-form approximations for the average ergodic channel capacity for these adaptive transmission schemes under different atmospheric turbulence without any pointing error are derived. Simulation results depict the excellent agreement of the proposed analytical models with the Monte Carlo simulation.
关键词： Channel capacity,Free space optical communication,Signal to noise ratio,Adaptive transmission,Atmospheric turbulence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence and orbital angular momentum of entangled states for optical communication
摘要： We extend the theory of detection probabilities of single-photon communication in turbulent atmosphere to the entangled case and derive analytical expressions for detection probabilities. We show that the rotational ?eld correlation in the entangled case cannot be expressed as a straightforward extension from the disentangled case. By considering the orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams for illustration, we explore the e?ect of non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence on the probabilities of both the biphoton detection and the single-photon detection. The entanglement of OAM LG beams contributes positively to the faithful detection probability. The change of maximal crosstalk probability in the detection process is also explored, which displays the non-linear dependence on the crosstalk quantum number.
关键词： Atmospheric turbulence,Orbital angular momentum,Entanglement,Optical communication
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Turbulence and Related Phenomena || The Turbulence Regime of the Atmospheric Surface Layer in the Presence of Shallow Cold Drainage Flows: Application of Laser Scintillometry
摘要： The presence of shallow cold flows in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) instigates changes in the turbulent regime of the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). This small scale flow circulation introduces radiative cooling controls over large areas in polar latitudes during winter. In this study, microscale dynamic and turbulent variables have been obtained in the framework of the Winter Boundary Layer Experiment in Fairbanks, Alaska, developed during the winters of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Multiscale surface turbulence observations based on Eddy covariance and laser scintillometry were combined with Doppler acoustic sounding to document simultaneous changes in the ABL flow and ASL turbulence. We computed changes in momentum and heat fluxes characterizing intermittent and persistent modes of the drainage flow over three study cases. On the basis of laser scintillometry observations, we argue that a significant source of turbulence aiming at the surface fluxes has origins in the upper level shear-induced thermal turbulence at the top of the ABL.
关键词： stable boundary layer,surface turbulence,optical scintillation,radiative cooling,small scale drainage flows
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE) - Hohhot, China (2019.10.24-2019.10.26)] 2019 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE) - Laser Molten Pool Temperature Detecting Based on Recursive Estimation in 3D Printing
摘要： Free-space optical communication links operating over lognormal turbulence channels using on-off keying (OOK) are studied in this paper. Such systems can suffer from irreducible error floors that result from the use of demodulation with fixed and unoptimized detection thresholds. The resulting error floors are analyzed for the general case of low- and high-state offsets (i.e., finite extinction ratios). An electrical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optimized detection system is applied. The system uses the electrical SNRs to implement adaptive detection thresholds and eliminate the error floors. The system can accommodate operation with finite extinction ratios, as it uses the method of moments and maximum likelihhod estimation techniques to estimate the low- and high-state offsets and electrical SNR. Numerical results show that the SNR gap between the electrical-SNR-optimized detection system and the adaptive detection system is 2.3 dB at a bit-error rate of 10?5 without a state offset. The SNR gap increases to 4.5 dB with a state offset of ξ = 0.2.
关键词： Atmospheric turbulence,FSO,on-off keying,optical wireless communications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC) - NOIDA, India (2019.3.7-2019.3.9)] 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC) - Design and Analysis of HgCdTe Infrared Photodetector
摘要： Breaking ocean waves influence wave dynamics, momentum transfer, air–sea exchange, ocean albedo, and ambient noise generation, all of which are impacted by the transient, two-phase flow in a whitecap. Lasting O(1s) or so, actively breaking whitecaps contain air fractions up to 0.6, bubbles ranging in size O(10–1000) μm and turbulent dissipation rates O(1) W·kg?1. Strong fluid turbulence, high air fractions, large bubbles, and short duration make active whitecaps a challenging process to study. This paper presents a model for the performance of high-frequency Doppler sonar (0.5–2 MHz) when used to probe the interior of actively breaking whitecaps. The results suggest that the ability of high-frequency sonars to penetrate the interior of bubble plumes in whitecaps becomes limited for air fractions greater than 0.03–0.06 and plumes become completely impenetrable for air fractions greater than 0.08–0.17. This severely limits their usefulness as a tool to probe the interior of breaking waves. Moreover, the bias introduced by the terminal rise velocity of large bubbles interacting with fluid turbulence within the wave crest will need to be accounted for when interpreting any backscatter signals that are returned from the plume interior. At this time, in situ methods such as optical fiber probes, conductivity cells, and cameras remain the best option for field studies of the interior of breaking oceanic waves.
关键词： turbulence,Doppler sonar,Bubble plumes,wave breaking
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM) - Genting Highland, Pahang, Malaysia (2019.8.21-2019.8.23)] 2019 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM) - Simulation and Optimization of Emitter Thickness for Indium Arsenide-Based Thermophotovoltaic Cell
摘要： Free-space optical communication links operating over lognormal turbulence channels using on-off keying (OOK) are studied in this paper. Such systems can suffer from irreducible error floors that result from the use of demodulation with fixed and unoptimized detection thresholds. The resulting error floors are analyzed for the general case of low- and high-state offsets (i.e., finite extinction ratios). An electrical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optimized detection system is applied. The system uses the electrical SNRs to implement adaptive detection thresholds and eliminate the error floors. The system can accommodate operation with finite extinction ratios, as it uses the method of moments and maximum likelihood estimation techniques to estimate the low- and high-state offsets and electrical SNR. Numerical results show that the SNR gap between the electrical-SNR-optimized detection system and the adaptive detection system is 2.3 dB at a bit-error rate of 10?5 without a state offset. The SNR gap increases to 4.5 dB with a state offset of ξ = 0.2.
关键词： Atmospheric turbulence,FSO,on-off keying,optical wireless communications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) - Nashville, TN, USA (2019.11.3-2019.11.6)] 2019 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS) - Integrated CMOS-Compatible Mode-Locked Lasers and Their Optoelectronic Applications
摘要： Free-space optical communication links operating over lognormal turbulence channels using on-off keying (OOK) are studied in this paper. Such systems can suffer from irreducible error floors that result from the use of demodulation with fixed and unoptimized detection thresholds. The resulting error floors are analyzed for the general case of low- and high-state offsets (i.e., finite extinction ratios). An electrical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optimized detection system is applied. The system uses the electrical SNRs to implement adaptive detection thresholds and eliminate the error floors. The system can accommodate operation with finite extinction ratios, as it uses the method of moments and maximum likelihhod estimation techniques to estimate the low- and high-state offsets and electrical SNR. Numerical results show that the SNR gap between the electrical-SNR-optimized detection system and the adaptive detection system is 2.3 dB at a bit-error rate of 10?5 without a state offset. The SNR gap increases to 4.5 dB with a state offset of ξ = 0.2.
关键词： Atmospheric turbulence,FSO,on-off keying,optical wireless communications
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Experimental demonstration of atmospheric channel reciprocity in fiber receiving systems
摘要： This paper designs a reciprocity measurement system for atmospheric channel for the first time in China. The mean of reciprocity is higher than 0.8, which proves that the atmospheric channel has strong reciprocity. The research in this paper provides a parameter reference for adaptive optics system design.
关键词： Atmospheric turbulence,Optical Communication,Adaptive optics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52