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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - The Measurement Method of Light Distribution Emitted from Sports Facilities Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
摘要： The dynamic development of cities is associated with a significant increase in the luminance of architectural buildings, advertisements or usable spaces. Objects that emit a significant amount of luminous flux to the environment are also various types of sports buildings, such as city stadiums, football pitches or tennis courts. The need to protect the environment determinates the need to reduce and prevent the effect of light pollution. The article analyzes the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles to assess light pollution by measuring the distribution of luminous flux emitted by sports facilities. The method of light measurement based on a goniometric system using unmanned aerial vehicles was presented and their positioning in three-dimensional space was taken into account. A method for controlling the photometric probe and calibrating the measurement system has been proposed.
关键词： luminous flux,light pollution,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Aerial Infrared Thermography of a CdTe Utility-Scale PV Power Plant
摘要： Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT) is a fast and flexible inspection method to monitor and assess utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. The literature is abundant on aIRT for crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, but very little investigation has been carried out and reported thin-film PV. As Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is currently the leading thin-film technology, and a good performer in warm and sunny climates, this paper aims to investigate the application of aIRT on CdTe PV plants in Brazil. Results demonstrate that aIRT is a reliable, cost-effective and fast method to detect faults on CdTe modules in large-scale PV plants.
关键词： Fault Inspection,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV),Photovoltaic Power Plants,Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT),Thin-Film,Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Smart charging of electric vehicles considering photovoltaic power production and electricity consumption: a review
摘要： Photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) are two emerging technologies often considered as cornerstones in the energy and transportation systems of future sustainable cities. They both have to be integrated into the power systems and be operated together with already existing loads and generators and, often, into buildings, where they potentially impact the overall energy performance of the buildings. Thus, a high penetration of both PV and EVs poses new challenges for cities. With a potentially large increase in PV and EV penetration, understanding of the synergies between PV, EVs and existing electricity consumption is required. Thus, a high penetration of both PV and EVs poses new challenges. Understanding of the synergies between PV, EVs and existing electricity consumption is therefore required. Recent research has shown that smart charging of EVs could improve the synergy between PV, EVs and electricity consumption, leading to both technical and economic advantages. Considering the growing interest in this field, this review paper summarizes state-of-the-art studies of smart charging considering PV power production and electricity consumption. The main aspects of smart charging reviewed are objectives, configurations, algorithms and mathematical models. In order to achieve certain objectives, smart charging schemes can be based on optimization or rule based algorithms. The smart charging schemes also vary in terms of control configuration, i.e., centralized and distributed, and depend on spatial configuration, i.e., houses, workplaces and charging stations. Various charging objectives, such as increasing PV utilization and reducing peak loads and charging cost, are reviewed in this paper. The different charging control configurations, i.e., centralized and distributed, along with various spatial configurations, e.g., houses and workplaces, are also discussed. After that, the commonly employed optimization techniques and rule-based algorithms for smart charging are reviewed. Further research should focus on finding optimal trade-offs between simplicity and performance of smart charging schemes in terms of control configuration, charging algorithms, as well as the inclusion of PV power and load forecast in order to make the schemes suitable for practical implementations.
关键词： electric vehicles,Photovoltaics,energy management system,smart charging,charging optimization,electricity consumption
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Estimating the relative contribution of streetlights, vehicles, and residential lighting to the urban night sky brightness
摘要： Under stable atmospheric conditions the brightness of the urban sky varies throughout the night following the time course of the anthropogenic emissions of light. Different types of artificial light sources (e.g. streetlights, residential, and vehicle lights) have specific time signatures, and this feature makes it possible to estimate the amount of brightness contributed by each of them. Our approach is based on transforming the time representation of the zenithal night sky brightness into a modal expansion in terms of time signatures of the different sources of light. The modal coefficients, and hence the absolute and relative contributions of each type of source, can be estimated by means of a linear least squares fit. A practical method for determining the time signatures of different contributing sources is also described, based on wide-field time-lapse photometry of the urban nightscape. Our preliminary results suggest that, besides the dominant streetlight contribution, artificial light leaking out of the windows of residential buildings may account for a significant share of the time-varying part of the zenithal night sky brightness at the measurement locations, whilst the contribution of the vehicle lights seems to be significantly smaller.
关键词： streetlights,urban night sky brightness,vehicles,light pollution,time-lapse photometry,residential lighting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Wide-Angle, Ultra-Wideband ISAR Imaging of Vehicles and Drones
摘要： In-situ, wide-angle, and ultra-wideband inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of vehicles and drones is demonstrated using a portable ultra-wideband radar. In order to form well-focused ISAR images, motion compensation is performed before applying the k-space imaging algorithm. While the same basic motion compensation methodology is applied to both types of targets, a more complex motion model is needed to better capture the ?ight path of the drone. The resulting ISAR images clearly show the geometrical outline of the targets and highlight locations of prominent backscattering. The ISAR images are also assessed against images generated through instrumented targets or laboratory measurements, and the image quality is shown to be comparable.
关键词： ultra-wideband,radar imaging,vehicles,radar measurements,drones,inverse synthetic aperture radar
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Handbook of Exoplanets || Space Astrometry Missions for Exoplanet Science: Gaia and the Legacy of Hipparcos
摘要： Astrometry as a technique has so far proved of limited utility when employed as either a follow-up tool or to independently search for planetary-mass companions around stars in the solar neighborhood. However, the situation is bound to change soon. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of past and present efforts to detect planets via milli-arcsecond (mas) astrometry, with a special focus on the legacy of the Hipparcos mission. We then focus on the Gaia mission that is poised to become a game changer in the field of exoplanets by unleashing for the first time the power of micro-arcsecond (μas) astrometry. We start by briefly describing the mission status and operation. Next, we address some of the relevant technical issues associated with the precise and accurate determination of astrometric orbits of planetary systems using Gaia data. We then present and discuss the Gaia planet-finding capabilities. We conclude by putting Gaia astrometry in context, illustrating its potential for crucial contributions to exoplanetary science in synergy with other indirect and direct methods for the detection and characterization of planetary systems.
关键词： space vehicles,surveys,planetary systems,methods: data analysis,methods: numerical,astrometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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LIDAR–camera fusion for road detection using fully convolutional neural networks
摘要： In this work, a deep learning approach has been developed to carry out road detection by fusing LIDAR point clouds and camera images. An unstructured and sparse point cloud is first projected onto the camera image plane and then upsampled to obtain a set of dense 2D images encoding spatial information. Several fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) are then trained to carry out road detection, either by using data from a single sensor, or by using three fusion strategies: early, late, and the newly proposed cross fusion. Whereas in the former two fusion approaches, the integration of multimodal information is carried out at a predefined depth level, the cross fusion FCN is designed to directly learn from data where to integrate information; this is accomplished by using trainable cross connections between the LIDAR and the camera processing branches. To further highlight the benefits of using a multimodal system for road detection, a data set consisting of visually challenging scenes was extracted from driving sequences of the KITTI raw data set. It was then demonstrated that, as expected, a purely camera-based FCN severely underperforms on this data set. A multimodal system, on the other hand, is still able to provide high accuracy. Finally, the proposed cross fusion FCN was evaluated on the KITTI road benchmark where it achieved excellent performance, with a MaxF score of 96.03%, ranking it among the top-performing approaches.
关键词： Deep learning,Road detection,Intelligent vehicles,Sensor fusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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FPGA Implementation of Underwater Image Enhancement using Nonlinear Filtering
摘要： Background/Motivation: Statistical Analysis: they suffer from various adversary underwater conditions and require low power devices such as FPGA. Methods/ Optical image captured by autonomous underwater vehicles need to be preprocessed as Underwater image degradation due to non uniform illumination is corrected by non linear filtering and is implemented in FPGA. Two dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and its inverse along with logarithmic computation were implemented in FPGA as a part of filter implementation. One dimensional row wise and column wise FPGA’s can be used for implementing FFT were computed first and then combined to form two dimensional FFT. architectures that require high level parallelism such as image processing algorithms due to its inherent parallelism. Frequency based filtering method which is employed for preprocessing an underwater image successfully provided good histogram compared to the original one. Device utilization for implementing structure was estimated. Novel method of FFT implementation, its inverse and logarithmic computation was used in this work. The method can be applied to digital signal processing applications that can be implemented in FPGA. Automation of image preprocessing is required in unmanned underwater vehicles used for cable detection, navigation etc. These vehicles are to be provided with low power devices such as FPGAs for long run in underwater applications.
关键词： Nonlinear Filtering,Fast Fourier Transform,FPGA,Automated Underwater Vehicles,Underwater Image Enhancement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.26-2018.9.28)] 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Lightweight Broadband Antennas for UAV based GPR Sensors
摘要： In this contribution two different types of broadband antennas namely a logarithmic-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) and a transversal electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna for ground penetrating synthetic aperture radar sensors are presented. These antennas are designed to be mounted on an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). The antennas are evaluated in terms of their matching, radiation pattern pulse response and weight. Finally, an integration example of one of these antennas is shown on an UAV.
关键词： ultra wideband antennas,dispersion,unmanned aerial vehicles,Ground penetrating radar
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Comparison of Different Electric Vehicle Integration Approaches in Presence of Photovoltaic and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems
摘要： The impacts of electric vehicles on the electrical power network in the presence of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems is a field to be studied in depth. Especially because in recent years the installation of electric vehicles has increased considerably in order to reduce the emission of CO2 and fossil fuel consumption to reach environmental cleanliness. This paper presents a comparison between the different integration methods of electric vehicles subject to the availability of photovoltaic systems and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. Moreover, it analyses and explains the issues of power loss, voltage fluctuation, load leveling and reactive power support in the different approaches. Besides that, this study explores the role of superconducting magnetic energy storage systems in different cases. A fuzzy logic control algorithm is proposed to estimate the charging and discharging process of superconducting magnetic energy storage systems and electric vehicles. In addition, a coordinated control system is proposed to manage the power between the photovoltaic system, the electric vehicles and superconducting magnetic energy storage system as well as boost the power system performance. A whole coordinated control system based on fuzzy logic control is proposed to make the power management of the grid, EVs, SMES, and PV in an all integration approach of electric vehicles to achieve the improvements in the power system performance and maintain the reliability and sustainability of the all system components. Finally, the data analysis of the simulation results, performed by the Matlab Simulink toolbox is presented in all cases to explain the performance of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system, the control system, power losses, voltage fluctuation and reactive power support.
关键词： Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC),Photovoltaic system (PV),Coordinated Control,Electric Vehicles (EVs),Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES),Different Integration Approach,Power loss and Voltage Control
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57