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Study of solar irradiance and performance analysis of submerged monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells
摘要： Underwater photovoltaic (PV) systems supported with modern-day technology can lead to possible solutions for the lack of long-term power sources in marine electronics, navy corps, and many other remotely operated underwater power systems. Currently, most of these systems are powered by conventional batteries, which are bulky, costly, and require periodic maintenance and replacement. Harnessing the underwater Solar energy by using Solar PV cells is simple, reliable, and leads to tremendous advantageous as water itself provides cooling, cleaning, and avoid challenges due to land constraints. The present work encompasses an experimental study on Solar radiation in water and its changes with varying water conditions. Accordingly, the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells with different submerged water conditions and water depths up to 20 cm has been studied. Most importantly, these studies have been carried out with different types of water conditions, consisting of salinity, bacteria, algae, and other water impurities. These investigation results manifest that the percentage decrease of maximum power output in monocrystalline and polycrystalline Solar cells is 65.85% and 62.55%, respectively, in the case of ocean water conditions, whereas in deionized (DI) water conditions, it is 63.06% and 60.72% up to 20 cm. Such results conclude that valuable amount of Solar energy is can be explored underwater. These experimental studies pave the way to explore further to utilize Solar PV cells efficiently in underwater conditions.
关键词： monocrystalline Solar cell,underwater Solar radiation,photovoltaic (PV) technology,PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane),water salinity,polycrystalline Solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Analysing consequence of solar irradiance on amorphous silicon solar cell in variable underwater environments
摘要： Harvesting underwater Solar energy using photovoltaic (PV) technology leads to an innovative approach to utilize it in monitoring various underwater sensors, devices, or other autonomous systems using modern-day power electronics. Another huge advantage of placing PV cells underwater comes from the fact that the water itself can provide cooling and cleaning for the cells. Such advantages come with many challenges and constraints due to the underwater spectral change and decrease in Solar radiation with an increase in water depth. In this work, an experimental set-up has been realized to create an underwater environment and further characterized in the indoor environment using the Solar simulator. Moreover, the transfer of Solar radiation through water and the performance of amorphous silicon Solar cell underwater up to 0.2 m has been analysed in changing underwater environments. This investigation shows a better understanding of solar radiation underwater and the amorphous silicon solar cell underwater at shallow depths with considering the water depth up to 0.2 m, salinity 3.5%, total dissolved salts, and other impurities affecting the solar radiation and the performance of amorphous silicon Solar cell in underwater conditions. In addition to that, the maximum power output Pmax of amorphous silicon Solar cell is 0.0367 W at 0.2 m in the case of DI water. In contrast, in real seawater and artificial seawater with 3.5% salinity, it shows 0.0337 W and 0.0327 W, respectively.
关键词： water salinity,amorphous silicon Solar cell,photovoltaic (PV) technology,underwater Solar energy,Solar radiation,PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Performance Analysis of Submerged Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Cell in Varying Water Conditions
摘要： Exploring the underwater solar energy by solar photovoltaic (PV) cells leads to a huge advantage by utilizing the humongous space of water covered by the earth’s surface. Even though the amount of solar radiation decreases with the depth of the water, water provides sustainable cooling and cleaning for solar PV cells underwater. There are many challenges and constraints to develop solar PV cells underwater because they are mostly calibrated and amenable to space, dryland, terrestrial, etc., and the solar spectrum is prone to get narrower with the depth of the water. The implementation of solar PV cells underwater is pliable in various commercial and defense applications, such as sensors, water monitoring systems, autonomous vehicles, underwater gliders, etc. In this article, first, a mathematical model has been developed for the solar cell spectrum to incorporate the changes in the solar irradiance with the depth of the water. Furthermore, an experimental setup was designed and implemented to mimic an underwater environment. The performance of the polycrystalline encapsulated solar cell was studied based on the different types of water and the depth of the solar cell underwater. This article manifests that there is a sufficient amount of underwater solar power that can be utilized using PV cells to operate various devices and systems.
关键词： polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),Photovoltaic (PV) cells,underwater solar power,polycrystalline solar cell,solar spectrum,water salinity,solar irradiance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Underwater Characterization and Monitoring of Amorphous and Monocrystalline Solar Cells in Diverse Water Settings
摘要： Most of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells are limited to space, dryland and rooftop applications leading to huge scope in exploring the performance of PV cells in an underwater environment. Such underwater Solar energy has tremendous potential to be used in many commercial and defense applications like sensors, underwater vehicles, autonomous power systems, etc. Nowadays, another major constraint in Solar PV systems is the cooling and cleaning of PV cells, which can also be overcome by placing PV cells underwater. Although the Solar spectrum itself changes underwater and becomes narrower with increasing the water depth, yet one of the possible solutions is using a suitable type of Solar cells for maximum power conversion underwater. In this work, an experimental setup has been designed and implemented to create an underwater environment. Further, Solar cells have been encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and diverse characterizations have been accomplished to sense the behavior of amorphous and monocrystalline cells with different water types. This study gives a better understanding to monitor the performance characteristics of Solar PV cells underwater with various factors such as the water depth, type of Solar cell, salinity, total dissolved salts and other impurities which will immensely affect the performance of Solar cells underwater.
关键词： Water-salinity,Monocrystalline solar cell,Underwater Solar power,PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane),Photovoltaic (PV) technology,Amorphous solar cell
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22