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Near-Infrared Afterglow Semiconducting Nano-polycomplexes for Multiplex Differentiation of Cancer Exosomes
摘要： As nanoscaled extracellular vehicles inheriting genetic and protein information from source cells, detection of exosomes is promising for early diagnosis of cancer. However, optical sensors with high specificity and low medium background remain challenging for detection of exosomes. We herein develop the first luminescent nanosensor that bypasses real-time light excitation for multiplex differentiation of cancer exosomes. Such an afterglow luminescent nanosensor is composed of a near-infrared (NIR) semiconducting polyelectrolyte (ASPN) electrostatically complexed with a quencher-tagged aptamer. The afterglow signal of the nanocomplex (ASPNC) is initially quenched due to the efficient electron transfer between ASPN and the quencher. However, the presence of aptamer-targeted exosome increases ASPN/quencher distance, turning on afterglow signal. Because the afterglow detection is conducted after cessation of light excitation, the sample background signal is greatly minimized, affording the limit of detection that is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than fluorescence detection in cell culture medium. More importantly, ASPNC can be easily tailored to detect different exosomal proteins simply by changing the sequence of aptamer. Such a structural versatility of ASPNC enables orthogonal analysis of multiple exosome samples, potentially permitting accurate identification of the cellular origin of exosomes for cancer diagnosis.
关键词： optical imaging,semiconducting polymer,nanomaterials,biosensor,exosome
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Nanomaterials for luminescent detection of water and humidity
摘要： The rapid and sensitive detection of water or humidity has attracted wide interest because of their considerable significance in the chemical industry and other fields. Nanotechnology offers potential tools in the construction of various luminescent nanosensors for sensing water or relative humidity (RH). In this review, we present the recent advances in different luminescent nanomaterials, namely, luminescent copper nanoclusters, carbon quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and other nanomaterials, in the detection of water and RH. Also, the challenges and opportunities are discussed.
关键词： luminescent detection,nanomaterials,humidity,nanosensors,water
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE SENSORS - New Delhi, India (2018.10.28-2018.10.31)] 2018 IEEE SENSORS - A Miniature Fiber-Optic Photoacoustic Probe Coated with MoS<inf>2</inf>-PDMS for Water Level and Oil-Water Interface Detection*
摘要： We demonstrate a miniature broadband (~13.3 MHz) fiber-tip photoacoustic probe with ~68.32-μm thick MoS2-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite for accurate measurement of water and oil-water interface levels. The composite was applied to the tip of a double-clad fiber with an outer diameter of 125 μm using dip coating. The propagation time of an ultrasonic wave generated by a 5-ns pulsed laser excitation in liquids was extracted to determine water level or silicone oil-water interface in a glass tube. An excellent goodness of fit (R2≈0.996) was achieved with a high accuracy of ~1.5 μm in the tested water-level range of 0-218 μm. Then the proposed technique exhibited an average relative error of 0.68% for the oil-water interface detection, along with a good fitting coefficient of 98.7% in the range of 0-8 mm. The presented photoacoustic probe therefore shows a great potential in compact accurate liquid level monitoring.
关键词： photoacoustic probe,2D nanomaterials,optical fiber tip,ultrasonic liquid level measurement
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Multi-functional MnO <sub/>2</sub> nanomaterials for photo-activated applications by a plasma-assisted fabrication route
摘要： Supported MnO2-based nanomaterials were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates using plasma enhanced-chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) between 100 °C and 400 °C, starting from a fluorinated Mn(II) diamine diketonate precursor. Growth experiments yielded β-MnO2 with a hierarchical morphology tuneable from dendritic structures to quasi-1D nanosystems as a function of growth temperature, whose variation also enabled a concomitant tailoring of the system fluorine content, and of the optical absorption and band gap. Preliminary photocatalytic tests were aimed at the investigation of photoinduced hydrophilic (PH) and solid phase photocatalytic (PC) performances of the present nanomaterials, as well as at the photodegradation of Plasmocorinth B azo-dye aqueous solutions. The obtained findings highlighted an attractive system photoactivity even under visible light, finely tailored by fluorine content, morphological organization and optical properties of the prepared nanostructures. The results indicate that the synthesized MnO2 nanosystems have potential applications as advanced smart materials for anti-fogging/self-cleaning end uses and water purification.
关键词： anti-fogging,photoactivated applications,fluorine doping,photocatalysis,water purification,self-cleaning,plasma-assisted fabrication,MnO2 nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Graphene materials as a superior platform for advanced sensing strategies against gaseous ammonia
摘要： Ammonia (NH3) is an uncolored, toxic, corrosive, and reactive gas with a characteristic pungent stench. To date, quantitative analysis of NH3 concentrations have been made using conventional techniques (e.g., ion chromatography). In light of the complications involved in such applications, efforts have been made to develop detection methods of NH3 that are more sensitive and selective. In this respect, graphene-based sensors have attracted widespread attention because of graphene's distinctive electrical characteristics (e.g., low electrical signal noise and great mobility) and large surface area. This review article was designed to evaluate the potential usage of graphene-based gas sensors for effective detection of NH3. We aim to understand the recent advances in this challenging area of research by critically analyzing various experiments and comprehending their practical implications. This review critically compares the performance of graphene-based NH3 sensors with those of other nanomaterials for a broader understanding of the field. Also, we summarize the future prospects for advancement of graphene technology for NH3 sensing.
关键词： graphene,ammonia sensing,nanomaterials,electrochemical sensing,gas sensors
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Critical Review—Recent Progress in NIR Fluorophores Emitting over 1000 nm for Bioimaging
摘要： During the last five years, significant advances have been made in the synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores emitting over 1000 nm for non-invasive deep-tissue imaging. Nano-materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), following Ag2S and PbS quantum dots (QDs) have been employed as the first-generation NIR fluorescent probes, by which superior capabilities of NIR fluorescence imaging at the wavelengths of 1000–1400 nm (second NIR window) have been demonstrated. Recently, from the viewpoint of biomedical applications, organic-dye based NIR fluorophores emitting beyond 1000 nm have been synthesized. In this short review, we focus on recent advances in nanomaterial and organic-dye based NIR fluorophores for intravital deep bioimaging in the second NIR window.
关键词： bioimaging,organic dyes,second NIR window,nanomaterials,NIR fluorophores
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Sol–Gel-Processed Organic–Inorganic Hybrid for Flexible Conductive Substrates Based on Gravure-Printed Silver Nanowires and Graphene
摘要： In this study, an organic–inorganic (O–I) nanohybrid obtained by incorporating an alkoxysilane-functionalized amphiphilic polymer precursor into a SiO2–TiO2 hybrid network was successfully utilized as a buffer layer to fabricate a flexible, transparent, and stable conductive substrate for solution-processed silver nanowires (AgNWs) and graphene under ambient conditions. The resulting O–I nanohybrid sol (denoted as AGPTi) provided a transmittance of the spin-coated AgNWs on an AGPTi-coated glass of 99.4% and high adhesion strength after a 3M tape test, with no visible changes in the AgNWs. In addition, AGPTi acted as a highly functional buffer layer, absorbing the applied pressure between the conductive materials, AgNWs and graphene, and rigid substrate, leading to a significant reduction in sheet resistance. Furthermore, gravure-printed AgNWs and graphene on the AGPTi-based flexible substrate had uniform line widths of 490 ± 15 and 470 ± 12 μm, with 1000-cycle bending durabilities, respectively.
关键词： gravure printing,flexible electronics,nanomaterials,conductive substrate
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Comparing Semiconductor Nanocrystal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice and Non-Human Primates
摘要： Rationale: Despite growing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in applications from electronics to medicine, the potential risk to human health remains a critical concern within clinical use. ENM exposure during pregnancy can potentially cause reproductive toxicity even at levels that produce no measurable harm to animals in normal conditions. Methods: Phospholipid micelle-encapsulated CdSe/CdS/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 60 nm were intravenously injected during pregnancy in both rodent and nonhuman primate animal models. Cadmium concentration levels and maternal haematological and biochemical markers were determined, along with histopathological examination of major organs. Results: Nanocrystals were found to have crossed the placenta from mother to fetus in both rodents and nonhuman primates. However, the animal models display different responses with respect to reproductive toxicity. In the rodent model, toxicity symptoms are absent in treated subjects, with no observed gestational or fetal abnormalities and complications. A significantly higher miscarriage rate of 60% is recorded for macaques after prenatal nanoparticle administration. There was a miscarriage rate of 15% in the general population despite only ~0.16% of the initial cadmium dose present in the fetus. Blood and biochemical markers of treated macaques indicate acute hepatocellular injury within a week after nanoparticle administration. Histology of major organs of the miscarried macaque fetuses show no abnormalities. Conclusion: The potential of nanomaterials to cross the placenta and impact fetal survival in primates suggest the necessity of precautionary measures to prevent gestational exposure of ENMs.
关键词： quantum dots,engineered nanomaterials,biophotonics,nanotoxicology
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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2.4 GHz L-Band Passively Harmonic Mode Locked Er-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Carbon Nanotubes Film
摘要： We experimentally demonstrate a passively harmonic mode locked (PHML) Er-doped fiber laser with pump power efficiency up to 17 MHz/mW operating at L-band based on single walled carbon nanotubes polyvinyl alcohol (SWCNTs-PVA) film. Under 233 mW pump power, the stable pulse train at 1594.97 nm with 40.5 dB side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and 742 fs pulse duration is obtained at a repetition rate of 1.923 GHz, corresponding to 170th harmonic of the fundamental frequency. Under optimized intracavity conditions, the pulses frequency is able to scale up to 2.415 GHz with a high level of 40 dB SMSR, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest value yet reported from a L-band PHML fiber laser incorporating SWCNTs as saturable absorber (SA). Such high repetition rate and stable fiber laser operating at L band may be desirable for various applications.
关键词： nanomaterials.,Mode locked fiber lasers,mode locking
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Controlled synthesis of SnSxSe2?x nanoplate alloys via synergetic control of reactant activity and surface defect passivation control with surfactant and co-surfactant mixture
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials have been receiving enormous research interest for electronic, optoelectronic, and catalytic applications. However, the facile tunability of alloying and doping, as well as the successful formation of ideal defect-free nanoplate morphology have been hardly achieved for 2D nanomaterials. Herein, we successfully synthesized a series of 2D solid-solution SnSxSe2(cid:1)x particles of 0.20–2.00 μm width and 30–68 nm thickness with morphological defect-free nanoplate via a solvothermal reaction. With controlled reactivities of elemental chalcogen precursors, a co-surfactant hexylamine together with a structure-directing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to be essential for realizing ideal defect-free nanoplate morphology of SnSxSe2(cid:1)x particles without either cabbage-like or twinned structure. The successful synthesis of morphologically defect-free SnSxSe2(cid:1)x nanoplates with rationally controlled energy band gaps ranging from 1.36 eV for SnSe2 to 1.96 eV for SnS2 could provide promising materials for electronics, optoelectronics, and electrocatalytic applications.
关键词： 2D nanomaterials,Nanoplate,SnSe2,SnS2,Band gap,SnSxSe2(cid:1)x
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59