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[IEEE 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) - Paris, France (2019.4.23-2019.4.26)] 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) - Tilt Angle Optimization of Photovoltaic Panels
摘要： The solar PV power sector in Spain has been developing at a spectacular rate in recent years. The energy cost and the dependence on fossil fuels can be reduced by improving the efficiency of photovoltaic energy production The performance of a solar radiation conversion system is affected by tilt angle with the horizontal plane. Thus, a photovoltaic array needs to be tilted at the correct angle to maximize its performance. In this paper, we investigate how to determine the optimum tilt angle. This procedure is illustrated for the city of Barcelona (Spain) located at latitude 41o 22' 56'' North and longitude 2o 6'56'' East. The optimal tilt angle varies according the seasons: In Winter (December, January, February) is 56.4, in Spring (March, April, May) is 29.11? in Summer (Jun, July, August) is 13.76? and in Autumn (September, October, November) is 48.14?. Finally, the annual optimum tilt angle for our latitude is 36.87?, with this optimal slope angel, maximum monthly and annual solar radiation is calculated. So, by means of the proposed approach, the energy generation is increased in 10.54% thanks to we are able to benefit from the maximum solar radiation.
关键词： solar PV power,optimum tilt angle,Barcelona,solar radiation,photovoltaic energy production
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Near-surface and columnar measurements with a Micro Pulse Lidar of atmospheric pollen in Barcelona, Spain
摘要： We present for the first time continuous hourly measurements of pollen near-surface concentration and lidar-derived profiles of particle backscatter coefficients and of volume and particle depolarization ratios during a 5-day pollination event observed in Barcelona, Spain, between 27 – 31 March, 2015. Daily average concentrations ranged 1082 – 2830 pollen m-3 day-1. Platanus and Pinus pollen types represented together more than 80 % of the total pollen. Maximum hourly pollen concentrations of 4700 and 1200 m-3 h-1 were found for Platanus and Pinus, respectively. Everyday a clear diurnal cycle caused by the vertical transport of the airborne pollen was visible on the lidar-derived profiles with maxima usually reached between 12 and 15 UT. A method based on the lidar polarization capabilities was used to retrieve the contribution of the pollen to the total aerosol optical depth (AOD). On average the diurnal (9 – 17 UT) pollen AOD was 0.05 which represented 29 % of the total AOD. Maximum values of the pollen AOD and its contribution to the total AOD reached 0.12 and 78 %, respectively. The diurnal means of the volume and particle depolarization ratios in the pollen plume were 0.08 and 0.14, with hourly maxima of 0.18 and 0.33, respectively. The diurnal mean of the height of the pollen plume was found at 1.24 km with maxima varying in the range 1.47 – 1.78 km. A correlation study is performed 1) between the depolarization ratios and the pollen near-surface concentration to evaluate the ability of the former parameter to monitor pollen release, and 2) between the depolarization ratios and surface downward solar fluxes, which cause the atmospheric turbulences responsible for the particle vertical motion, to examine the dependency of the depolarization ratios upon solar fluxes. For the volume depolarization ratio the first correlation study yields to correlation coefficients ranging 0.00 – 0.81 and the second to correlation coefficients ranging 0.70 – 0.86.
关键词： depolarization ratios,lidar,Barcelona,pollen,aerosol optical depth
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14