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Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity
摘要： This policy statement revises a previous statement on screening of preterm infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that was published in 2013. ROP is a pathologic process that occurs in immature retinal tissue and can progress to a tractional retinal detachment, which may then result in visual loss or blindness. For more than 3 decades, treatment of severe ROP that markedly decreases the incidence of this poor visual outcome has been available. However, severe, treatment-requiring ROP must be diagnosed in a timely fashion to be treated effectively. The sequential nature of ROP requires that infants who are at-risk and preterm be examined at proper times and intervals to detect the changes of ROP before they become destructive. This statement presents the attributes of an effective program to detect and treat ROP, including the timing of initial and follow-up examinations.
关键词： retinopathy of prematurity,ROP,preterm infants,screening,blindness
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Handbook of Biomechatronics || Current Advances in the Design of Retinal and Cortical Visual Prostheses
摘要： Low vision and ultimately profound blindness may be caused due to damage or alterations at different locations along the visual pathway from the eye to the brain including the retina, optic nerve (ON), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and visual cortex. The US Social Security Administration (SSA) defines “Legal blindness” as central visual acuity (VA) of less than 6/60 (Snellen VA), or a visual field no greater than 20 degrees, in the better eye with use of correcting lens. In the 10th revision of the World health organization (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, “Low vision” function is defined as VA scores (Snellen VA) in the better eye with the best possible correction of less than 6/18 but at least 3/60, or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. VA scores of less than 3/60, or a visual filed of less than 10 degrees are considered “blindness.” “Visual impairment” includes both “low vision” and “blindness.” VA is a measure of vision that compares the response of a patient to a normative group. The term 6/60 (20/200 in feet) refers to an individual seeing at 6 m what the group saw at 60 m (Bourne et al., 2013a; Stevens et al., 2013). According to the WHO in 2010, 285 million people were estimated to be visually impaired worldwide, of which 39 million were blind (Bourne et al., 2013b; Mariotti, 2012). The leading causes for blindness are cataracts (33%), uncorrected refractive error (21%), and macular degeneration (7%). Other disorders that cause visual impairment include retinal dystrophies, diabetic retinopathy, brain trauma, and several infectious diseases (Mariotti, 2012; Lehman, 2012).
关键词： Electrical stimulation,Visual impairment,Retinal prostheses,Cortical prostheses,Blindness
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing] Modelling and Simulation in Science, Technology and Engineering Mathematics Volume 749 (Proceedings of the International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (MS-17)) || Real Time Periodic Assessment of Retina of Diabetic Patients for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
摘要： Increase of diabetic patients in INDIA is in an alarming proportion. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness. Normally this is due to diabetic retinopathy. If it is detected earlier and required treatments are taken, blindness can be avoided. It may affect both the eyes simultaneously. Diabetic retinopathy is affected to 50% of diabetic patients. Diabetic Maculopathy and Diabetic Neuropathy are the common affected diseases in diabetic patients. The possibility of blindness for these types of patients is 25% more. Diabetic retinopathy is of two types: Non-proliferated diabetic retinopathy and Proliferated diabetic retinopathy [1, 2]. Vitreous heamorrhage and retinal detachments are the immediate complications leading to blindness, if proper treatment is not provided at the correct time. If it reaches to the complicated level and loses vision, then it is not possible to revert. Hence diabetic patients who are affected with vision may be monitored periodically to assess the real status of retina. Hence apart from a multi powered disease control approach, it is highly essential to utilize the advance technology enabling the doctors to have regular real time assessment of retinopathy in diabetic patients through telemedicine [3].
关键词： retina,blindness,telemedicine,Diabetic retinopathy,diabetes
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14