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[Communications in Computer and Information Science] Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems Volume 968 (4th International Symposium SIRS 2018, Bangalore, India, September 19–22, 2018, Revised Selected Papers) || A Comprehensive Review on Automatic Diagnosis of Diabetic Maculopathy in Retinal Fundus Images
摘要： Diabetic Maculopathy (DM) is one of the major problems of diabetes mellitus and it is one of the key reasons for the vision problem. It arises due to the leakage of blood from injured retinal veins. The development of DM is moderate and soundless and it is found in 10% of the world diabetic population. If diabetic maculopathy is not noticed in the underlying stage the effect this on macula is irreversible and can prompt vision loss. Therefore, screening of diabetic eye helps in finding diabetic maculopathy at the beginning stage which prevents the vision loss. In this review paper, the anatomy of the human eye and a brief overview of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy is presented. The literature review of various methods/techniques used for detection of DM in retinal fundus images and the performance metrics used to measure these methods are discussed in details. Issues involved in DM detection are also mentioned in this paper.
关键词： Blood vessels (BVs),Diabetic maculopathy (DM),Hard exudates (HEs),Retinopathy (DR),Optic disc (OD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Krakow (2018.10.16-2018.10.18)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - An OCTA Based Diagnosis System Based on a Comprehensive Local Features Analysis for Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
摘要： In this work, we propose a comprehensive diagnosis system for detecting early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The proposed system is based on extracting features that are describing both shape and appearance of the retinal vascular system from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans. First, two various OCTA plexuses are segmented, which are retinal super?cial and deep plexuses, to extract the retinal blood vessels from the other background tissues. Then, the developed system calculates the blood vessels density, blood vessels caliber, and distance map of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) from both two segmented OCTA plexuses. Also, the large blood vessels are extracted from the segmented super?cial plexus to retrieve the skeleton of the blood vessels. The skeleton of the large blood vessels is used to calculate bifurcation, crossover, and branch points. Finally, the extracted four features that are capturing shape and appearance of the segmented vessels and FAZ, which are blood vessels density, blood vessel caliber, the width of the FAZ, and different types of vascular bifurcation points are used to diagnosis the OCTA images by using two-stage random forest (RF) classi?er. To measure the performance of the proposed system, 133 OCTA scans for different patients are used for training and testing based on k-fold cross-validation technique. The performance of the proposed system is measured by using ?ve various metrics. A promising average result of overall accuracy (ACC) of 97% is obtained that can differentiate normal from mild DR cases.
关键词： Early DR Diagnosis,OCTA,FAZ,Local Retinal Blood Vessels Analysis,Bifurcation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Krakow, Poland (2018.10.16-2018.10.18)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - A Novel MRA-Based Framework For Detecting Correlation Between Cerebrovascular Changes and Mean Arterial Pressure
摘要： Systemic hypertension is a signi?cant contributor for strokes and cognitive impairment and is a leading cause of mortality in the USA. Changes in cerebral vascular diameter and cerebral perfusion pressure have been reported to precede elevation of systemic blood pressures. A novel, non-invasive Time-of-Flight - Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) based framework for detection of cerebrovascular changes is presented. The proposed framework analyzes brain TOF-MRA data to quantify changes in cerebral vascular diameter and cerebral perfusion pressure. The framework has three major steps: 1) Adaptive segmentation to extract large and small diameter cerebral vessels from TOF-MRA images using both appearance and 3-D spatial information of the vascular system; 2) Estimation of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the 3-D distance map of the cerebral vascular system, which represents the changes in diameter of the 3-D vascular system ; and 3) Statistical and correlation analysis that measured the effect of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) on blood vessels’ diameter changes. The ef?cacy of the framework was evaluated using MRA images and blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained from 15 patients (M=8, F=7, Age=49.2±7.3 years) on Day 0 and Day 700. The framework had a dice similarity coef?cient of 92.23%, a sensitivity of 94.8% and a speci?city of ～ 99% in detecting elevated vascular pressures compared to ground truth. Statistical analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between blood vessels diameters and MAP. This correlation was valid for both upper (above the circle of Willis) and lower (circle of Willis and below) sections of the brain. The proposed methodology may be used to quantify changes in cerebral vasculature and cerebral perfusion pressure non-invasively through MRA image analysis, which may be a useful tool for clinicians to optimize medical management of pre-hypertension and hypertension.
关键词： Vessel Diameter,Skull Stripping,CDF,Automatic Segmentation,Mean Arterial Pressure,Blood Vessels,MRA,Hypertension,Median Vascular Radius
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The Elite Facial Surgery Practice (Development and Management) || 24 Laser Surgery
摘要： All lasers are not the same. They are tools or instruments that come in a variety of different forms and are designed to perform different tasks. Some lasers vaporize the outer layers of sun-damaged or aging skin. Some can also pass through the outer layers of the skin and destroy deeper birthmarks (port-wine stains) or tiny blood vessels (spider veins.) As is the case with most technology, the use of lasers is an art form that improves with training and experience. Lasers, like any technology, must be used for the right reasons. The right reason is that, in the facial surgeon's opinion, it is superior to other forms of treatment, in terms of safety and outcomes. For some conditions, lasers exceed other forms of treatment. For others, I have found laser therapies to be inferior. So, if training in dermabrasion and chemical peeling was not offered during residency or fellowship, it is recommended that the surgeon arrange to spend enough time with a colleague who performs these procedures to feel comfortable offering and performing them.
关键词： Leg Veins,Rosacea,Laser Surgery,Pigmented Spots,Acne,Laser Hair Removal,Skin Resurfacing,Dilated Blood Vessels
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Novel Approach for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Fundus Images
摘要： In recent years the medical profession has seen an ever increasing demand for diagnosis and a permanent cure for illnesses caused by climatic-changes, unwholesome food and environmental pollution. Also the appearances of hitherto unknown viral diseases have caused eye diseases, which have prompted surgeons to monitor the health of the eyes. Potential new therapies that may help in preserving sight in the growing population of diabetic patients into the 21st Century. Early detection of diseases affecting the eyes reduces the risk of permanent damage. Some of the serious conditions which warrant early diagnosis are: Glaucoma, floaters, macula degradation and diabetic retinopathy. In the early stages, a choice of treatment options exist, which dwindles as the disease spreads. A visual inspection of the optic disc, macula and the blood vessels of the eye requires to be done routinely. Diabetic patients run the risk of damage to retinal vessels, which are referred to as diabetic retinopathy. This may further be classified as: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In scientific literatures, feature extraction method has been reported for diagnosis and classification. In this study a systematic Decide, Detect, Determine and Do approach for analyzing diabetic retinopathy images has been taken up. The proposed approach gives a clearer picture of the abnormality, its type (NPDR or PDR), its status (viz., mild, moderate or severe) and finally the appropriate treatment.
关键词： Macula,Diabetic Retinopathy,PDR,Blood Vessels,NPDR,Optic Disc
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Metallic Nanoparticles-Based Biochip with Multi-Channel for Immunoassay
摘要： Osteogenesis is the cellular and molecular foundation of skeletal development and bone regeneration related to fracture healing, revitalization of bone graft and therapies for osteoporosis. A hallmark of osteogenesis is the mineralization of extracellular matrix. Because of its potential impact on developmental biology and human health, understanding and regulation of osteogenesis are subjects of intensive study. Although significant advancements have been made over the past decades, there are still unsolved puzzles in regulations of osteogenesis. Angiogenesis generally refers to new blood vessels branching out from established vasculature. Besides of fundamental physiology, angiogenesis involves in pathology, such as growth of cancer, and is essential for the repair of virtually all types of tissues. It has long been recognized that osteogenesis and angiogenesis are coupling events during bone formation. The classic osteogenic and angiogenic pathways intertwine and cross-talk during bone formation. To better understand the signal pathways and coupling factors of osteogenesis and angiogenesis is critically important for enhancing bone regeneration and tissue engineering of bone. The conventional biological models, however, have very limited capacity of isolating angiogenic and osteogenic events from the cascade of bone regeneration, and precisely quantifying the effects of angiogenic and osteogenic factors on bone formation at a molecular level. Biochips and tissue chips provide a powerful tool to simulate and quantify angiogenic and osteogenic events on the chips and effectively untangle these biologically important and clinically relevant molecular events during bone formation.
关键词： Angiogenesis,Osteogenesis,Extracellular matrix,Regeneration,Blood vessels
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Classification of Diabetes Retina Images Using Blood Vessel Area
摘要： Retina images are obtained from the fundus camera and graded by skilled professionals. However there is considerable shortage of expert observers has encouraged computer assisted monitoring. Evaluation of blood vessels network plays an important task in a variety of medical diagnosis. Manifestations of numerous vascular disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy, depend on detection of the blood vessels network. In this work the fundus RGB image is used for obtaining the traces of blood vessels and areas of blood vessels are used for detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The algorithm developed uses morphological operation to extract blood vessels. Mainly two steps are used: firstly enhancement operation is applied to original retina image to remove noise and increase contrast of retinal blood vessels. Secondly morphology operations are used to take out blood vessels. Experiments are conducted on publicly available DIARETDB1 database. Experimental results obtained by using gray-scale images have been presented.
关键词： Blood Vessels,Fundus Images,Morphological operations
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A Novel Approach for Detection of Microaneurysms in Diabetic Retinopathy Disease from Retinal Fundus Images
摘要： Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in human beings aged between 20 to 74 years. It has a great influence on the patient and society because it normally influences humans in their most gainful years. Early detection in DR is very difficult which is not detected by human beings. Many algorithms and techniques were established to detect DR. These techniques faced the problems such as increasing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. To overcome those problems we have to introduce an effective image processing algorithms for increasing performances and also easily identify the DR diseases. One of the most challenging tasks in screening is automatic detection of Microaneurysms (MAs). This paper presents a new approach to detect MAs. Our proposed work consists of preprocessing, blood vessel segmentation (FPCM), fovea localization, fovea elimination, feature extraction and classification (Neuro-Fuzzy). Neuro-Fuzzy is a combined version of neural networks and fuzzy logical models. Experiments are conducted using MATLAB simulation tool. Using MESSIDOR database for our experiments which provides efficient and effective results in sensitivity, specificity, correct classification and detection rate (accuracy) and precision.
关键词： MESSIDOR database,blood vessels,microanueurysm,fovea
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing] Advanced Computing and Systems for Security Volume 897 (Volume Seven) || Extraction and Classification of Blood Vessel Minutiae in the Image of a Diseased Human Retina
摘要： The work presents a created methodology for detecting minutiae in the image of the retina of a sick person’s eye. The worked out algorithm is used to ?nd areas of distribution and classi?cation of minutiae in ill human eye retinal image. The main goal of the proposed approach is to classify all minutiae into groups based on the distance from the center of the image and the distance from the edge of the image that is closer to the blind spot. For the separation of blood vessels from the image, Otsu algorithm and background subtraction were used. To get line representation of blood vessels that helps ?nd minutiae in images, the K3M thinning algorithm was used. The proposed algorithm shows one of the most basic solutions for ?nding the characteristic points in a biometric image. The last step of the presented algorithm introduces an example of minutiae classi?cation.
关键词： Blood vessels,Eye disease,Biometrics,Minutiae
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14