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Technology, application and potential of dynamic breast thermography for the detection of breast cancer
摘要： Early breast cancer detection improves the chances of survival, increases the options for curative treatment and helps reduce costs. There are a variety of screening techniques available to detect breast cancer such as mammography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. However, their sensitivities and specificities are suboptimal, especially in breasts with dense tissue. Infrared breast thermography is an adjunct screening technique that has been associated with the detection of early signs of breast cancer. However, its success has been limited. Dynamic infrared thermography was introduced to improve the detection of breast cancer and reduce the false positive and false negative rates. This works reviews the different modalities of dynamic infrared thermography, their advantages, shortcomings and opportunities for future development. This paper also covers recent advances, suggestions and possible directions for future work in the fields of numerical simulations, automatic feature identification and artificial intelligence for improving the detection of breast cancer using dynamic infrared thermography.
关键词： Dynamic thermography,Breast cancer detection,Cold challenge
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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New Perspectives in Breast Imaging || Near-Field Radar Microwave Imaging as an Add-on Modality to Mammography
摘要： According to global statistics, there is a high incidence of cancer in western countries; and, due to the limited resources available in most healthcare systems, it seems like one of the most feasible options to fight against cancer might be strict prevention policies—such as eliminating carcinogens in people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, early cancer detection and effective treatment are still necessary, and understanding their efficacy and limitations are important issues that need to be addressed in order to ultimately enhance patients’ survival rate. In the case of breast cancer, some of the problems faced by conventional mammography have been addressed in the literature; they include high rate of false-positive and false-negative results, as well as the possibility of overdiagnosis. New technologies, such as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), have been able to improve the sensitivity and specificity by using 3D imaging. However, the low contrast (1%) existing between tumors and healthy fibroglandular tissue at X-ray frequencies has been identified as one of the main causes of misdiagnosis in both conventional 2D mammography and DBT. Near-field radar imaging (NRI) provides a unique opportunity to overcome this problem, since the contrast existing between the aforementioned tissues is intrinsically higher (10%) at microwave frequencies. Moreover, the low resolution and highly complex scattering patterns of microwave systems can be enhanced by using prior information from other modalities, such as the DBT. Therefore, a multimodal DBT/NRI imaging system is proposed to exploit their individual strengths while minimizing their weaknesses. In this work, the foundation of this idea is reviewed, and a preliminary design and experimental validation of the NRI system, used as a DBT complement, is introduced.
关键词： breast cancer statistics,digital breast tomosynthesis,microwave imaging,antipodal Vivaldi antennas,near-field radar imaging,breast cancer detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Visualizes a Prognostic Extracellular Matrix-Related Signature in Breast Cancer
摘要： Molecular analysis techniques such as gene expression analysis and proteomics have contributed greatly to our understanding of cancer heterogeneity. In prior studies, gene expression analysis was shown to stratify patient outcome on the basis of tumor-microenvironment associated genes. A specific gene expression profile, referred to as ECM3 (Extracellular Matrix Cluster 3), indicated poorer survival in patients with grade III tumors. In this work, we aimed to visualize the downstream effects of this gene expression profile onto the tissue, thus providing a spatial context to altered gene expression profiles. Using infrared spectroscopic imaging, we identified spectral patterns specific to the ECM3 gene expression profile, achieving a high spectral classification performance of 0.87 as measured by the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve. On a patient level, we correctly identified 20 out of 22 ECM3 group patients and 19 out of 20 non-ECM3 group patients by using this spectroscopic imaging-based classifier. By comparing pixels that were identified as ECM3 or non-ECM3 with H&E and IHC images, we were also able to observe an association between tissue morphology and the gene expression clusters, showing the ability of our method to capture broad outcome associated features from infrared images.
关键词： extracellular matrix,prognostic signature,gene expression,breast cancer,infrared spectroscopic imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Detection of Breast Cancer with Mammography: Effect of an Artificial Intelligence Support System
摘要： Purpose: To compare breast cancer detection performance of radiologists reading mammographic examinations unaided versus supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system. Materials and Methods: An enriched retrospective, fully crossed, multireader, multicase, HIPAA-compliant study was performed. Screening digital mammographic examinations from 240 women (median age, 62 years; range, 39–89 years) performed between 2013 and 2017 were included. The 240 examinations (100 showing cancers, 40 leading to false-positive recalls, 100 normal) were interpreted by 14 Mammography Quality Standards Act–qualified radiologists, once with and once without AI support. The readers provided a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score and probability of malignancy. AI support provided radiologists with interactive decision support (clicking on a breast region yields a local cancer likelihood score), traditional lesion markers for computer-detected abnormalities, and an examination-based cancer likelihood score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity, and reading time were compared between conditions by using mixed-models analysis of variance and generalized linear models for multiple repeated measurements. Results: On average, the AUC was higher with AI support than with unaided reading (0.89 vs 0.87, respectively; P = .002). Sensitivity increased with AI support (86% [86 of 100] vs 83% [83 of 100]; P = .046), whereas specificity trended toward improvement (79% [111 of 140]) vs 77% [108 of 140]; P = .06). Reading time per case was similar (unaided, 146 seconds; supported by AI, 149 seconds; P = .15). The AUC with the AI system alone was similar to the average AUC of the radiologists (0.89 vs 0.87). Conclusion: Radiologists improved their cancer detection at mammography when using an artificial intelligence system for support, without requiring additional reading time.
关键词： mammography,computer-aided detection,breast cancer,deep learning,artificial intelligence
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Quantitative assessment of metabolic tumor burden in molecular subtypes of primary breast cancer with FDG PET/CT
摘要： We aimed to quantitatively evaluate volumetric metabolic tumor burden including metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT). This study involved 99 female patients with pathologic diagnosis of primary breast cancer, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before any therapy. Patients were divided into subtypes of luminal A, luminal B, ERBB2+, and basal-like based on the immunohistochemistry results. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) before and after correction for lean body mass were achieved and compared. Correlations between metabolic tumor burden and Ki-67 were analyzed and diagnostic performances of volumetric metabolic parameters were evaluated. TLG values were significantly different between each molecular subtype, while MTV values were not. Values of TLG were significantly reduced after normalizing for lean body mass in each subtype. Both of them showed correlations with Ki-67 and presented high diagnostic ability in identifying patients with basal-like breast cancer from the rest. TLGs before and after normalizing for the lean body mass had similar diagnostic performances in differentiating patients of basal-like subtype from the rest. Metabolic tumor burden could comprehensively reflect tumor metabolic differences of molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and it can serve to help differentiate patients with basal-like breast cancer.
关键词： metabolic tumor burden,FDG PET/CT,breast cancer,volumetric parameters,molecular subtypes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Usefulness of digital breast tomosynthesis for non-calcified benign breast masses
摘要： Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a new modality that assists in detection of breast cancer. However, benign masses are also detected more easily by DBT and may require further workup. This article reviews typical imaging features of non-calci?ed benign masses on DBT. We also discuss the management of these benign masses. Knowledge of the imaging features of benign masses on DBT is required to minimize unnecessary callbacks.
关键词： Non-calci?ed benign breast masses,Breast cancer,Management,Digital breast tomosynthesis,Imaging features
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Immunomagnetic bead-based bioassay for the voltammetric analysis of the breast cancer biomarker HER2-ECD and tumour cells using quantum dots as detection labels
摘要： An electrochemical magnetic immunosensing strategy was developed for the determination of HER2-ECD, a breast cancer biomarker, and breast cancer cells in human serum. A sandwich assay was performed on carboxylic acid-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as transducer surface. The affinity process was detected using electroactive labels; core/shell streptavidin-modified CdSe@ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs). Cd2+ ions, released from the QDs, were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). An assay time of 90 min, with an actual hands-on time of about 20 min, a linear range between 0.50–50 ng·mL?1 of HER2-ECD and a limit of detection of 0.29 ng·mL?1 were achieved. Analysis of live breast cancer cells was also performed using the optimized assay. Breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 (a HER2-positive cell line), MDA-MB-231 (a HER2-negative cell line) and MCF-7 (a cell line with low HER2 expression) were tested. The selectivity of the assay towards SK-BR-3 cells was confirmed. A concentration-dependent signal that was 12.5× higher than the signal obtained for the HER2-negative cells (MDA-MB-231) and a limit of detection of 2 cells·mL?1 was obtained.
关键词： Breast cancer,Electrochemical immunoassay,Quantum dots,Cancer cells,Magnetic beads,HER2-ECD
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Live circulating tumour cells selection on digitized self-assembled cell array (Digi-saca) chip by in-parallel/in-situ image analysis, cell capture, and cultivation
摘要： Cancer is one of the major and most deadly diseases of mankind. With present technologies, early detection and prevention of cancer disease is still a major bottleneck. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) is one of the cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis of metastasis. However, there is an urgent need to improve the turn around time of CTC detection from a small sample volume in order to promote its clinical implications. This paper highlights Digi-SACA, an automated workflow to capture CTCs from the whole blood on self-assembled cell array chips. The gravity force and lateral driving force based microfluidic chip drive the mononuclear blood cells from 4 ml of samples to form a monolayer without any external fluid control equipment. The subsequent immunostaining and automated image acquisition, image processing, CTC enumeration, and CTC harvest can be completed within 4 hours. The sensitivity of Digi-SACA chip is 1 in ten million leukocytes which is very promising for early detection of the CTC. In a small pilot study series, the Digi-SACA chip is able to detect of the mean of 14.4 CTCs from 4ml of blood in 10 clinical samples from patients with breast cancer, while mean of 17.6 CTCs were measured from the same sample set with IsoFluXTM platform from 4ml of blood. We have also demonstrated the efficiency of our technique to pick CTC with glass micropipettes for standard cell culture growth up to 11-15 days. Overall, our study represents the liability of the Digi-SACA system in CTCs enumeration, detection, and isolation against the state-of-the-art.
关键词： Breast cancer,Digi-SACA chip,Single-cell picking,Circulating tumor cells (CTC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optically controlled hybrid metamaterial of plasmonic spiky gold inbuilt graphene sheets for bimodal imaging guided multimodal therapy
摘要： The development of multifunctional molecular diagnostic platforms for concordant visualization and treatment of diseases with high sensitivity and resolution has recently become a crucial strategy in cancer management. Thus, engineering functional metamaterials with high therapeutic and imaging capabilities to elucidate diseases from morphological behaviors to physiological mechanisms is an unmet need in the current scenario. Here, we report the design of a unique hybrid plasmonic nanoarchitecture, for targeted multiple photo-therapies of breast cancer by simultaneous real time monitoring through fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques. The nanoframework consists of plasmonic gold-graphene hybrids tethered with folic acid ligated chitosan modified photosensitizer (PpIX) to afford target specific localized photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The hybrid vehicle also served as an excellent nanocarrier for efficient loading and stimuli responsive release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, thereby forming a trimodal nanomedicine against cancer. The cytotoxic effects induced by the cumulative action of triplet therapeutic tools were visualized through both fluorescence and SERS imaging channels. Moreover, it also generated synchronized therapeutic effects resulting in the effective regression of tumor volume without propagating any toxic effect to other organs of the animals. Taken together, by virtue of strong light-matter interactions, our nanoprobe showed enhanced photoadsorption which facilitate the amplified light reactive therapeutic and imaging efficacies along with targeted and enhanced chemotherapy, both in vitro and in vivo, which may offer a promising outcome in clinical research.
关键词： surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS),hybrid plasmonic nanoarchitecture,breast cancer,trimodal nanomedicine,fluorescence,doxorubicin (DOX),photothermal and photodynamic therapy,multifunctional molecular diagnostic platforms
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR) - Ernakulam, Cochin, India (2018.7.11-2018.7.13)] 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR) - Analysis of VOC Using Sensor Array for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
摘要： Breast Cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Early detection of the breast cancer can increase the survival rate. Studies show that women whose breast cancer is detected at an early stage have 93% or higher rate of survival in the first 5 years. The available diagnostic methods have limited accuracy in various scenarios. A good screening method is always supported by a report of reduced death rate after the implementation. In the present scenario, Mammography can be considered as best among the screening methods available. But the accuracy of the test is low in the case of women below the age of 50 as their breast has high mammary gland density. Recent research in the region of that Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the human breath can be used as potential cancer diagnosing tool. This study makes use of the presence of these VOCs to create a non-invasive diagnostic tool with reduced mortality rate upon implementation [1][4][9].
关键词： Breast Cancer,VOCs,Breath Analysis,SAW Sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57