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Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay revisited to enhance its sensitivity via an optofluidic laser
摘要： Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TIIA) is a classic immunodiagnostic method that has been extensively used for biomarker detection. However, the low sensitivity of this technique hinders its applications in the early diagnosis of diseases. Here, a new concept, optofluidic laser TIIA (OFL-TIIA), is proposed and demonstrated for sensitive protein detection. In contrast to the immunoreaction in traditional TIIA, in which the single-pass laser loss is detected, the immunoreaction in the OFL-TIIA method takes place in a laser cavity, which considerably increases the loss induced by antigen-antibody complexes (AACs) via the amplification effect of the laser. A commercial IgG TIIA kit was selected as a demonstrative model to characterize the performance of OFL-TIIA. A wide dynamic range of five orders of magnitude with an exceptional limit of detection (LOD) (1.8×10-10 g/L) was achieved. OFL-TIIA is a fast, sensitive, and low-cost immunoassay with a simple homogeneous and wash-free process and low-volume sample consumption, thus providing a new detection platform for disease diagnostics.
关键词： Biomarker detection,Optofluidic laser,Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay,Antigen-antibody complexes,Laser dye
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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A carbon nanotube-iron (III) oxide nanocomposite as a cathode in dye-sensitized solar cells: Computational modeling and electrochemical investigations
摘要： Here is the evaluating result on the applicability of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and a-iron (III) oxide (a-Fe2O3) nanocomposite as a cathode material in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The morphology and the structure of the MWCNT/a-Fe2O3 nanocomposite have characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray elemental mapping analysis. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite has studied toward the activity of Iˉ/I3ˉ redox couple which represents high current density, low peak-to-peak separation, low charge-transfer resistance, and almost 100% stable response signal. Furthermore, the computational modeling employing the molecular mechanics (MM) and the restricted-Hartree Fock/semiempirical parameterization (RHF/PM6) methods reveals that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the modeled nanocomposite are as (cid:1)6.88, (cid:1)3.62, and 3.26 eV, respectively. These properties match with the electronic-level domino of the DSC structure. Finally, the DSC device has fabricated using N719-sensitized TiO2 photoanode and MWCNT/a-Fe2O3 counter electrode, presenting the open-circuit potential, the short-circuit current density, and the power-conversion ef?ciency of 0.7 V, 20.37 mA cmˉ2, and 6.0%, respectively. This study successfully approves the potential of the nanocomposite as a cathode material in iodine-based dye-sensitized solar cells.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,Nanocomposite,Carbon nanotube,Molecular mechanics,RHF/PM6,Iron (III) oxide
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Hollow hierarchical structure Co0.85Se as efficient electrocatalyst for the triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： The exploration of nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts with high efficiency for the triiodide reduction is critical for the practical applications of the dye-sensitized solar cells. Herein, we develop a facile one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize hollow hierarchical structure Co0.85Se. Under the methanol-water reaction system, the product named as hollow hierarchical structure Co0.85Se-M has the largest specific surface area (215.36 m2 g?1) and the best crystallinity than other products obtained from other alcohol-water reaction systems. When this electrocatalyst is applied as a counter electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cells, it exhibits a small peak-to-peak separation (Epp, 97 mV) for the reduction of I3?/I? redox couple. It is found that the catalytic activity of Co0.85Se is closely dependent on the crystallinity. Moreover, the reactivity pathway is identified by density functional theory, which confirms that triiodide is reduced to iodide ion on Co0.85Se with a smaller energy barrier (～0.65 eV) than on Pt (～1.18 eV). Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate Co0.85Se-M as an ideal counter electrode material for the dye-sensitized solar cells with a higher power conversion efficiency (8.76%) than Pt counter electrode (7.20%).
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Hollow hierarchical structure,Cobalt selenides,Electrocatalytic activity,Triiodide reduction
更新于2025-11-21 11:03:13
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Transparent Platinum Counter Electrode Prepared by Polyol Reduction for Bifacial, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Pt catalytic nanoparticles on F-doped SnO2/glass substrates were prepared by polyol reduction below 200 °C. The polyol reduction resulted in better transparency of the counter electrode and high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resultant dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) compared to conventional thermal reduction. The PCEs of the DSSCs with 5 μm-thick TiO2 photoanodes were 6.55% and 5.01% under front and back illumination conditions, respectively. The back/front efficiency ratio is very promising for efficient bifacial DSSCs.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,platinum,bifacial,ethylene glycol,counter electrode
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Few-Layered 1T-MoS2-Modified ZnCoS Solid-Solution Hollow Dodecahedra for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
摘要： Enhancing solar hydrogen production efficiency essentially relies on the modification of low-cost and highly stable photocatalysts with enhanced light-harvesting ability and promoted charge transfer kinetics. Herein, we report a facile synthetic route to modify the performance of a low-cost metal sulfide semiconductor, consisting of the bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-templating and the simultaneous sulfidation of the photocatalyst and loading of MoS2 co-catalyst. The mutual sulfur atom shared by all the transition metal sulfides allowed the formation of ZnCoS solid-solution structure and the stabilization of the metallic 1T-MoS2 phase, contributing to the photocatalytic activity enhancement from several aspects: i) extending the light absorption region from UV to visible and near-infrared light by the incorporation of another transition metal sulfide species, i.e., CoS; ii) achieving abundant catalytically active sites, and high electronic conductivity between the intimately contacted ZnCoS and MoS2 by loading few-layered 1T-MoS2; and iii) further increasing its capability of utilizing the single-photon with relatively higher energy in the UV-visible region by the involvement of a metal-free photosensitizer–Eosin Y (EY). As a consequence, the novel few-layered 1T MoS2-modified hollow Zn0.5Co0.5S rhombic dodecahedra exhibited a high photocatalytic H2 production activity of 15.47 mmol h-1 g-1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 30.3% at 420 nm and stability with 90% H2 evolution retention even after seven consecutive runs for total 35 h irradiation. This novel approach to prepare advanced materials could be further extended to the phase-controllable preparation of MoS2 and the discovery of other transition metal chalcogenides with high activity and stability in various applications.
关键词： ZnCoS solid-solution,hollow dodecahedra,dye-sensitization,1T-MoS2,photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,MOF-templating
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from lac dye for silicon dioxide imaging and highly sensitive ethanol detecting
摘要： This study aimed to improve the fluorescence performance of lac dye by preparing carbon quantum dots in an attempt to diversify the applicability of lac dye in fluorescence detection. The highly photoluminescent (PL) ld-CQDs were synthesized for the first time using lac dye as a precursor by a facile, green, one-pot ethanol thermal method. The ld-CQDs were neither soluble nor dispersed in water, but could be dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents. The ld-CQDs were well dispersed in ethanol with a mean diameter of 1.76 nm and were found to emit a bright yellow fluorescence with an emission wavelength of 570 nm. The quantum yield of ld-CQDs was 0.40, which was a significant 20-fold improvement over the lac dye of 0.02. Meanwhile, ld-CQDs exhibited pH-sensitive and excellent affinity for silicon dioxide without further chemical modification. Further, ld-CQDs could be used to image silicon dioxide since the fluorescence intensity of the ld-CQDs/silicon dioxide composites was significantly improved. Furthermore, the ld-CQDs could be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe to detect the ethanol content of commercial wines. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the novel application of the fluorescence properties of the lac dye, which has utility in visual detection applications and in tracking the detection of silicon dioxide and ethanol.
关键词： novel application,carbon quantum dots,photoluminescent,Lac dye
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Solar cells sensitized with porphyrin dyes with a carbazole donor: The effects of an auxiliary benzothiadiazole acceptor and bulky substituents on the donor
摘要： Three porphyrin sensitizers XW54–XW56 containing a carbazole donor have been designed and synthesized by introducing a benzothiadiazole (BTD) unit as the auxiliary electron acceptor to extend the absorption spectra and/or bulky dihexyloxyphenyl groups into the carbazole unit to suppress dye aggregation and improve the photovoltage (Voc). The BTD unit incorporated in XW54 obviously broadens and red-shifts the absorption threshold to ca. 700 nm, as compared with that of 650 nm observed for XW1. Thus, XW54 exhibits a much broader monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum with an extremely red-shifted onset wavelength of 780 nm, resulting in a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.60 mA cm?2, higher than that of XW1. Unfortunately, the Voc value was decreased owing to the more severe dye aggregation caused by the large conjugation framework induced by the presence of the BTD unit. As a result, XW54 shows an efficiency of 6.26%, slightly higher than that of 6.11% obtained for XW1. On the other hand, with the bulky dihexyloxyphenyl donor groups introduced to XW55, a highest Voc of 860 mV was achieved, which can be ascribed to the efficient prevention of charge recombination and suppression of dye aggregation. Thus, XW55-based cells exhibit an improved e?ciency of 6.60%. On the basis of XW54 and XW55, two bulky dihexyloxyphenyl groups and a BTD unit were simultaneously introduced to XW56, affording a highest efficiency of 7.03%, with the Jsc and Voc values of 12.5 mA cm?2 and 785 mV, respectively. These results compose a novel approach for developing e?cient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by simultaneously introducing bulky dihexyloxyphenyl groups and a benzothiadiazole unit, which may synergistically broaden the absorption spectra and suppress the dye aggregation, resulting in improved photocurrent and photovoltage.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Sensitizers,Porphyrin,Bulky groups,Carbazole
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Visible light-driven photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Acid Yellow 17 using Sn3O4 flower-like thin films supported on Ti substrate (Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti)
摘要： This article reports a new method for preparing mixed valence tin oxide (Sn3O4) flower-like nanostructures using a microwave-assisted route. Thin-film Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti electrodes demonstrated highly efficient visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of monoazo acid yellow 17 (AY17) dye, reaching 95% color removal after 60 min at pH 2. Moreover, under low bias potential (0.5 V), the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency increased to 97% color removal and 83% removal of total organic carbon at a kinetic rate almost 3 times higher than in photocatalysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to identify intermediate formation, and oxidation performance was proposed for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation with no organics identified after 120 min of treatment. The results indicate that Sn3O4/TiO2/Ti photoelectrodes offer a simple, green method for wastewater treatment employing visible light source.
关键词： Dye degradation,Photoelectrocatalysis,Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,Sn3O4,Visible-light photocatalysis
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Assembly structure and free energy change of a chromonic liquid crystal formed by a perylene dye
摘要： The nematic (chromonic N) and isotropic phases formed by aqueous solutions of a perylene dye are investigated by x-ray diffraction and visible light absorption spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction shows that the molecules assemble into columns one molecule wide. The change in the visible absorption spectrum with concentration indicates that the molecules stack in a more or less isodesmic manner and that the free energy change associated with the addition or removal of a single molecule from a stack is 16–20 kBT. This range is appreciably higher than those of any previously-measured simple chromonic systems, i.e. those with single molecule-wide columns. It is suggested that the large free energy change promotes the formation of extremely long columns of molecules, and in turn leads to the low concentration at which mesophase formation takes place.
关键词： chromonic,isodesmic,scission energy,perylene dye,assembly structure,lyotropic chromonic,Liquid crystals
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Colloidally synthesized defect-rich $$\hbox {MoSe}_{2}$$ MoSe 2 nanosheets for superior catalytic activity
摘要： Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (NSs) with defect-rich and vertically aligned edges are highly advantageous for various catalytic applications. However, colloidal synthesis of defect-rich NSs with thickness variation has been a challenging task. Here, we report a colloidal synthesis of 2H-MoSe2 NSs having a large number of defects and vertically aligned edges, where the thickness is varied by changing the amount of coordinating solvent. The Se-vacancies in these NSs have introduced defect sites which are corroborated by the presence of additional vibration modes in Raman spectra. These NSs exhibit electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performances with a low overpotential (210–225 mV) at 10 mA cm?2 current density and a small Tafel slope (54–68 mV per decade). Moreover, these MoSe2 NSs are also employed as counter electrodes (CEs) for the fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells via a cost-effective and simplified procedure. The power conversion efficiencies of 7.02 ± 0.18%, comparable with Pt CE (7.84 ± 0.10%) could be routinely achieved. These results demonstrate a novel synthetic strategy to prepare layered TMDs with superior catalytic applications.
关键词： counter electrode,Transition metal dichalcogenides,dye sensitized solar cells,MoSe2 nanosheets,hydrogen evolution reaction
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35