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Effect of molar concentration on physical properties of spraydeposited SnO2 thin films using nebulizer
摘要： In the present paper, tin dioxide (SnO2) thin ?lms had been fabricated with different precursor concentration in the range of 0.01–0.09 M onto amorphous glass substrates utilizing nebulizer spray method. The effect of precursor concentration on electrical, morphological, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties has been investigated. XRD spectrum revealed that the polycrystalline nature of SnO2 thin ?lms with tetragonal structure in the range of precursor concentration 0.03–0.09 M, which are having a favorable growth orientation along (110) direction. The estimated average crystallite size varied between 22 and 53 nm. UV-Visible spectrum exposes the transmittance of SnO2 thin ?lms lies between 90 and 78% in the visible range. The direct band gap energy reduced from 3.83 to 3.71 eV on increasing precursor concentration upto 0.07 M and then it was further increased. Photoluminescence spectra at room temperature exhibited a strong peak at 362 nm with shoulder peak at 376 nm and two broad peaks are 493 nm and 518 nm. SEM analysis illustrated that the polyhedron-like grains were homogeneously arranged over the ?lm surface. The ?lm prepared at 0.07 M precursor concentration shows the least resistivity 2.41 × 10?3 Ω-cm and good ?gure of merit 16.41 × 10?3 (Ω/sq)?1.
关键词： Tin dioxide,Electrical measurements,Optical,NSP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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All-carbon THz components based on laser-treated diamond
摘要： We report on fs laser structuring and graphitization of diamond and experimental characterization of its THz response. A full characterization of graphitized, conductive layer generated by laser irradiation is carried out by performing scanning-electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements. The transmittance of the laser textured diamond samples, both with the graphitic overlayer and after selective oxidizing etching, is analyzed in the (0.25 ÷ 6.0) THz spectral range. A significant selective absorption of the graphitized overlayer towards polarized THz radiation is demonstrated, which is associated to the formation of graphitic laser induced periodic surface structures. This anisotropy allows conceiving compact passive metasurfaces based on conductive/dielectric patterns on the diamond plate surface for the development of robust, lightweight and broadband THz optical components.
关键词： graphitic laser induced periodic surface structures,graphitization,electrical measurements,fs laser structuring,THz response,transmittance,THz optical components,polarized THz radiation,conductive layer,diamond,Raman spectroscopy,metasurfaces
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Characterization of TiO2 photoanodes and natural dyes (Allamanda Blanchetti and Allamanda Cathartica) extract as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
摘要： In the present work, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) were fabricated using fabricated TiO2 photoanodes and natural dyes (Allamanda Blanchetti (AB) and Allamanda Cathartica (AC)) as the sensitizers. Initially, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel technique and a thin ?lm of TiO2 was formed on the FTO substrate by Doctor Blade technique. Then, they were annealed at 400, 500, and 600 °C to act as the photoanode. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the prepared samples have tetragonal crystal structure with anatase and rutile phase. The average crystallite size was found to be 10–17 nm when the annealing temperature (TA) was increased from 400 to 600 °C. From UV–DRS analysis, the percentage of re?ectance was found to starts at 315 nm. The bandgap analysis shows the transitions were indirect allowed and the bandgap value decreases from 3.6 to 2.8 eV when the TA increases from 400 to 600 °C. From the optical absorption spectra, the absorption of dye and dye-sensitized TiO2 was found to be in the visible region. From PL analysis, the emission peak intensity of Ti4+ ?) vacancies with TA increases from 400 to 600 °C was noted. FESEM analysis shows the synthesized particles were spherical and from EDS the presence of Ti and O was con?rmed. From FTIR analysis, the functional groups presented in the prepared extracts were con?rmed. The Ef?ciency of DSSC was found to be 1.16 and 0.30% for AB sensitized TiO2 (400 °C) and AC sensitized TiO2 (400 °C) as photoanodes. From Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic (EIS) analysis, DSSC with AB + TiO2 shows low charge transfer resistance compared with AC + TiO2.
关键词： TiO2,Bandgap,Electrical measurements,XRD,Natural Dye,DSSC
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Investigation on structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of Barium doped cuprous oxide thin films by nebulizer spray technique
摘要： In present work, pure and barium (Ba) doped cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films are coated on heated glass substrate by Nebulizer spray technique (NST) by taking different doping concentration (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of Ba. The XRD, AFM, optical, electrical resistivity and solar cell studies of pure and Ba doped samples were discussed. The XRD pattern confirms the polycrystalline cubic structure with a preferred (111) plane orientation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals the spherical shape nano particles. The Raman analysis confirmed the cuprous oxide phase of prepared films. The Optical analysis was revealed the decreasing in band gap with increasing barium doping concentration. The photoluminescence studies confirmed the single emission peak obtained at 630 nm for all the films corresponds to Cu2O phase. The electrical resistivity is found to be 0.45 × 102 Ω cm for 7% Ba doped Cu2O thin film and the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated solar cell i.e. FTO/n-ZnO/p-7% Ba:Cu2O/Ag was formed for 7% Ba: Cu2O thin film. Further, the efficiency of the fabricated solar cell is found to be 0.85%.
关键词： solar cell,Barium doped,AFM studies,spray pyrolysis,electrical measurements
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04