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Implementation of agrophotovoltaics: Techno-economic analysis of the price-performance ratio and its policy implications
摘要： Rising demand for solar power generation will lead to increased land use competition, and thus to potential economic and social conflict. A solution to this challenge is to produce food and energy within an agrophotovoltaics (APV) system. Since 2017, governments in Japan, France, Massachusetts (USA), South Korea, and China have introduced policies supporting APV implementation. Governments considering APV implementation – e.g. in India and Germany – for evidence-based policy making are demanding information on how levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of APV differs from that of conventional ground-mounted photovoltaics (PV), as well as on how additional costs associated with APV installation relate to the benefit of maintaining agricultural activity under APV. Data for a techno-economic price-performance ratio calculation has been retrieved from an inter- and transdisciplinary APV case study in Germany. We observed that the LCOE of APV with €0.0828 kWh?1 is 38% higher than that of ground-mounted PV, resulting in an annual cropland preservation price of €9,052 ha?1 a?1. The annual revenue of potato and winter wheat production under APV resulted in a performance of €10,707 ha?1 a?1 and €1,959 ha?1 a?1 respectively, leading to a beneficial price-performance ratio of 0.85 for potato production and, with a ratio of 4.62, a disadvantageous result for winter wheat. Overall, APV is not necessarily recommended in crop rotating systems. However, in combination with permanent cultures – e.g. berries, fruits, or wine grapes – as the price for these types of applications is lower, while at the same time providing higher performance by optimizing techno-ecological synergies.
关键词： Evidence-based policy making,Levelized cost of electricity,Innovation and new development in energy technology,Energy policies and technology assessment,Price-performance ratio,Agrophotovoltaics/agrivoltaic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Metal-Doped Copper Indium Disulfide Heterostructure: Environment-Friendly Hole-Transporting Material toward Photovoltaic Application in Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： In this plan, we use Praseodymium metal-doped copper indium disulfide (Pr-doped CIS) heterostructure as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in the FTO/TiO2/Perovskite absorber/HTM/Au device. And photovoltaic performance of these Pr-doped CIS heterostructure was investigated in the fabrication of the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (organic-inorganic PSCs).
关键词： Pr-coated CuInS2 heterostructure,solar energy,perovskite solar cells,green electricity,hole-transporting material
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Possibilities of Using Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Modules on Rooftops of Greenhouses for Covering Their Energy Needs
摘要： Semi-transparent photovoltaic cells allow the transmittance of solar irradiance through them and they have been used in building’s skylights and facades. Their use on rooftops of greenhouses can result in electricity generation which can cover part or all of their energy needs without affecting the growth of the plants. This also results in the decrease of cooling requirements during the summer since less solar irradiance is entering the greenhouse and lower CO2 emissions due to energy use in it. However, their current prices are high compared with the prices of opaque PV cells. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the possible use of semi-transparent PV modules placed on the roof of energy intensive greenhouses in Crete-Greece in order to cover their energy requirements and sell the surplus electricity into the grid. Two different cases have been studied where greenhouses of 1,000 m2 each cover their high heating needs using heat pumps and solid biomass. PV modules of 42.5 KWp can be placed on their roofs covering slightly less than 50 % of their surface allowing enough solar irradiance to enter the greenhouse. In the first case the generated electricity can cover more than 80 % of total energy needs and in the second all the energy needs offering the possibility of selling the surplus electricity to the grid. However, the current high prices of semi-transparent PVs do not favour their use by farmers since their installation costs are high. Future financial support from the government could increase their attractiveness for commercial applications in greenhouses.
关键词： greenhouses,electricity generation,cost,environmental impacts,Semi-transparent photovoltaics,energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Strategic integration of vehicle-to-home system with home distributed photovoltaic power generation in Shanghai
摘要： The energy utilization optimization strategies in a smart house without and with vehicle to home (V2H) and/or home distributed photovoltaic (HDPV) in Shanghai are investigated in detail for the efficient household energy utilization and the reduction of net electricity expenditure. Such influences as EV travel distances, weather conditions and different PV subsidies are also taken into account. The results show that transferring valley electricity and PV by V2H can not only improve the utilization rate of valley electricity and PV, but also obtain considerable economic benefits. Transferring PV by V2H can get more revenues than transferring valley electricity by V2H. The energy arbitrage of V2H decreases with the increase of the EV travel distance. The HDPV-V2H mode in the case studied can completely cover the electricity demand of the household load in sunny and cloudy days without additional grid electricity while the combination of PV with transferred valley electricity by V2H is enough to support the household load demand in rainy days. The positive return of HDPV still can’t do without the support from government’s subsidy in Shanghai in the coming time. However, the HDPV-V2H mode can improve the benefit of HDPV. Meanwhile, there are a lot of EVs in Shanghai, charging with green power in priority. The HDPV-V2H mode can promote the synergetic development of HDPV and EVs in Shanghai.
关键词： Net electricity expenditure,Home distributed photovoltaic,Energy utilization optimization,Vehicle to home,Photovoltaic subsidy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fluorophore-Induced Plasmonic Current: Generation-Based Detection of Singlet Oxygen
摘要： In this work, we report the surface-based electrical detection of singlet oxygen using the emerging fluorophore-induced plasmonic current (PC) technique. By this method, we utilize the fluorescent “turn on” response of the well-known singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) singlet oxygen (1O2) fluorescent probe for the generation of fluorophore-induced PC in a silver nanoparticle film. To demonstrate the potential utility of this new technique, a photosensitizing molecule is used to generate 1O2 in a solution containing the SOSG probe. The resulting change in SOSG fluorescence quantum yield and extinction coefficient permits stronger energy transfer from the SOSG probe to a proximal silver nanoparticle island film located in the near-electric field of the probe. This yields an increase in the induced electric current flow, allowing for the detection of the 1O2 analyte. To the author’s knowledge, this represents the first detection of the reactive oxygen species 1O2 utilizing fluorophore-induced PC methodology and even broader electrical detection of 1O2. This is significant as it opens the possibility for 1O2 detection methods which do not require a traditional “photodetector” and associated optics, simplifying the instrumentation over existing fluorescence detection methods and potentially even lowering the cost.
关键词： plasmonic electricity,plasmonics,plasmonic current,fluorescence detection,reactive oxygen species,sensing,singlet oxygen sensor green,singlet oxygen
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Defect Study of Group V Doped CdTe By Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy
摘要： Analyses have shown that electric vehicle (EV) loads may considerably affect the secondary service voltage quality. One of the ways to mitigate voltage drop concerns is to use a time-of-use (TOU) pricing scheme. A TOU pricing scheme utilizes the off-peak generation for EV charging, thus deferring any immediate grid upgrade and improving the grid sustainability. This paper evaluates various aspects of EV charging under a TOU schedule, with off-peak rates starting at hours ranging from 8 P.M. to 3 A.M. The study is conducted using an actual residential distribution circuit. A best practical time to begin the off-peak rates is determined so that the effects of EV charging on the secondary service voltages are minimized while ensuring that EVs are fully charged by 7 A.M., thus maximizing both grid and customer benefits. The analysis suggests that the best time to begin off-peak rates is between 11 P.M. and 12 A.M. Furthermore, the analysis also suggests that setting up TOU off-peak rates at the latter half of the peak load demand, for example, at 8 P.M., is detrimental to the distribution circuit voltage quality. The result indicates that the existing utility TOU scheme may exacerbate voltage drop problems due to EV load charging.
关键词： electricity market,time-of-use (TOU) pricing,Distribution system,electric vehicle (EV)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Kyoto, Japan (2019.7.2-2019.7.5)] 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Partially green small molecule solar cells
摘要： This paper presents a novel energy-management method for a microgrid that includes renewable energy, diesel generators, battery storage, and various loads. We assume that the microgrid takes part in a pool market and responds actively to the electricity price to maximize its pro?t by scheduling its controllable resources. To address various uncertainties, a risk-constrained scenario-based stochastic programming framework is proposed using the conditional value at risk method. The designed model is solved by two levels of stochastic optimization methods. One level of optimization is to submit optimal hourly bids to the day-ahead market under the forecast data. The other level of optimization is to determine the optimal scheduling using the scenario-based stochastic data of the uncertain resources. The proposed energy management system is not only bene?cial for the microgrid and customers, but also applies the microgrid aggregator and virtual power plant. The results are shown to prove the validity of the proposed framework.
关键词： microgrid,Controllable load,risk management,smart grid,stochastic optimization,electricity market,renewable energy,energy management
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thermophotovoltaic Cells Converting Low-Temperature Radiation into Electricity
摘要： Thermophotovoltaic cells, which convert low-temperature radiation into electricity, are of signi?cance due to their potential applications in many ?elds. Here, Bi2Te3/Si thermophotovoltaic cells, which work under the radiation from a blackbody, at a temperature of 300–480 K, are presented. The experimental results show that the cells can output electricity, even under a radiation temperature of 300 K. The band structure of Bi2Te3/Si heterojunctions and the defects in Bi2Te3 thin ?lms lower the conversion e?ciency of the cells. It is also demonstrated that the resistivity of Si and the thickness of Bi2Te3 thin ?lms have important e?ects on Bi2Te3/Si thermophotovoltaic cells. Although the cells’ output power is small, this work provides a possible way to utilize low-temperature radiation.
关键词： Bi2Te3/Si,low-temperature radiation,electricity conversion,Thermophotovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - Quetta, Pakistan (2018.11.12-2018.11.13)] 2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) - Design and Simulation of Molten Salt Based Solar Thermal Power Plant using LFR Technology in Pakistan
摘要： Pakistan being an underdeveloped country is facing several problems. One of the most important problems of the country has been Energy crises. Pakistan has very rich resources of renewable energy which are yet to be utilized. Among these renewable energy resources, energy from sun is one of the most abundant one. Concentrated Solar power CSP is considered to be the best technology to generate electricity for solar energy. Design of a CSP plant with a capacity of 100 MW using Linear Fresnel Reflectors and integrated with thermal energy storage of six hour is proposed in this paper. A location near Nawabshah receiving direct normal irradiance (DNI) of 1955 KWh/m2/year is selected on the basis of CSP plant requirements. System advisor model (SAM) selected for carrying out the simulation of the proposed plant for one year. Heat transfer fluid is molten salt known as Hitec solar Salt instead of using synthetic oil. From simulation results it was found that the plant can generate 220,734,832 kWh (220.735 GWh) of electricity annually. The capacity factor and gross to net conversion were found to be 25.2% and 90% respectively. These results obtained are encouraging and justify that a plant based on the proposed model is thermodynamically feasible in Pakistani environment.
关键词： Solar Energy,Concentrated Solar Thermal Power,Renewable Energy,Electricity,System Advisor Model,Pakistan,Linear Fresnel Reflector
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Seeing power with a flashlight: DIY thermal sensing technology in the classroom
摘要： This paper contributes to the growing literature on 'making and doing' in Science and Technology Studies (STS) by describing and theorizing the teaching of making and doing. We describe a collaborative do-it-yourself (DIY) technology project taught simultaneously in Canada and the United States, in sociology and public health, to undergraduates with no prior electronics experience. Students built thermal flashlights – low cost digital tools for making thermal images – and employed them to research their surrounding environments. By making and using the thermal flashlights, learners investigated power in two senses: identifying social power relationships embedded within normally unquestioned infrastructures, and exploring these infrastructures' connection to industrial forms of power, such as heat and electricity. Students and instructors came to understand how the control of power, light and temperature is vital to human-made infrastructure and environmental health threats that characterize the 21st century. Through this project, students went from being passive consumers of such power to become active investigators of their socio-technical systems by producing unique knowledge that enabled them to imagine how they might make and inhabit their environments differently. Breaking down the distinction between teaching and research, this article explores the promise of 'making and doing' in university courses to create new collaborative research platforms that could spread laterally and scale to transform social and technical infrastructures.
关键词： electricity,DIY technology,design,power,making and doing,pedagogy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36