- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
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[IEEE 2019 TEQIP III Sponsored International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits, Photonics and Wireless Networks (IMICPW) - Tiruchirappalli, India (2019.5.22-2019.5.24)] 2019 TEQIP III Sponsored International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits, Photonics and Wireless Networks (IMICPW) - Ring Topologies with Energy Efficient Scheduling of ONUs in TWDM PON
摘要： The power consumption of ring topologies (both unidirectional and bidirectional) with Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM PON) is analyzed in the literature. The Optical Network Unit (ONU), the user device, it is noted that is to be switched ON through the scheduling algorithm the polling polling cycles. Hence, considered for the chosen PON will play a major role in determining the amount of power consumption. Therefore, in this paper, the fixed and Load Adaptive Sequence Arrangement (LASA) polling scheduling algorithms are considered for the adoption of sleep mode for ONU to reduce power consumption in the ring topologies. Through the scheduling algorithms, the provision to transit the ONU to sleep mode is discussed for various network loads observed at the ONUs. A maximum of 18% reduction in power consumption with a fixed polling sequence and 9.27% reduction in power consumption with LASA polling sequence is observed.
关键词： Scheduling,Topology,Energy Efficiency,TWDM PON
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Electro-Optical Co-Design of Power-Efficient 100-Gbps/λ VCSEL Transmitter
摘要： In this paper, we propose a comprehensive electro-optical co-design framework for power-efficient high-speed VCSEL transmitter targeting at 50 Gbaud. The framework integrates a rate-equation based VCSEL chip model and driver circuit models. Subject to the transmitter specifications defined by IEEE 400G standard, the driver circuit design of NRZ and PAM-4 modulations, together with the energy efficiency of transmitter, is analyzed and compared for two types of 20-GHz class VCSELs with different damping factors while keeping the same parasitic parameters. For NRZ modulation, analysis results indicate that both types of VCSEL transmitters show similar achievable data rate and energy efficiency. Both types of VCSEL transmitters are beneficial with small driver resistance in order to achieve high-speed signaling integrity. The best energy efficiency for both types of VCSEL transmitters is 520.8 fJ/bit under NRZ modulation. For PAM-4 modulation, higher achievable data rate can be reached by the over-damped VCSEL transmitter compared with the under-damped one, for which trade-offs of choosing the appropriate driver parameters are required for high-speed operation. The optimized over-damped VCSEL transmitter can have 16.13% higher achievable data rate and around 4.12% of energy efficiency improvement compared with the under-damped counterpart, but the signal quality is more sensitive to driver parameters. The best energy efficiencies are 365.1 fJ/bit and 380.8 fJ/bit for the over- and under-damped VCSEL transmitter under PAM-4 modulation. This co-design framework can provide a guidance in the VCSEL enabled co-packaging design.
关键词： energy efficiency,optical interconnect,VCSEL transmitter,co-package,co-design
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Energy Efficiency with Minimized-Regenerators Placement in IP-Over-Flexible Bandwidth Optical Networks
摘要： We propose an optimized energy-efficient algorithm (OEEA) with minimized-regenerators placement to reduce energy consumption in IP-over-flexible bandwidth optical networks. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm improves energy efficiency compared to traditional algorithm.
关键词： regenerator placement,Flexible bandwidth optical networks,energy efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The study of photovoltaic systems performance using various azimuth angles and solar array tilt positions
摘要： The study of photovoltaic energy and load predictions have become essential with the increase of energy demand. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical study on the performance of photovoltaic system with various azimuth angles and solar array tilt positions. The output power of a solar module is mainly dependent on its tilt position, solar irradiation, type of solar cell, and the technical properties of the module. The data used in this work consist of two different locations. The outcome of this work shows that the energy production influenced heavily on the weather conditions, location, azimuth angles and tilt positions. Within this work, parameters such as planes-of-array irradiance, net to inverter output power, net to grid output power and performance ratio have been studied. The developed analytical study is anticipated to provide a better understanding on the energy production and load usage in accordance with suitable tilt angle of solar array in a specific location.
关键词： energy efficiency,azimuth angle,Photovoltaic system,solar panels tilt positions
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE XXVI International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON) - Lima, Peru (2019.8.12-2019.8.14)] 2019 IEEE XXVI International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON) - Sunlight controlled reflection for lighting up a dark room
摘要： This project is focused on taking advantage of the light reflection in order to illuminate a dark room. In order to achieve this objective, a prototype was developed, which consists of a mirror mounted on a base with capabilities of rotating in the X and Y axis, a sensor that allows to know in which direction the sun is located and the necessary program code to maintain the illumination spot in the same position in a room, despite the movement of the sun through the day. Data was obtained through measurements, which allows to conclude that the energy invested in the prototype is lower than the energy needed to illuminate that room.
关键词： energy efficiency,light reflection,microcontroller
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Guwahati, India (2019.12.13-2019.12.14)] 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Displacement sensing using terahertz metasurfaces
摘要： As green communication becomes an inevitable trend for future 5G wireless networks, how to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of device-to-device (D2D) communication has drawn extensive attention recently. However, most of existing works only optimize the EE in the single-cell scenario, while little attention is paid to maximizing the EE of the whole cellular network underlaid with D2D communication with randomly distributed users on multiple bands. In this paper, we first consider the whole cellular network underlaid with D2D communication on multiple bands and derive the exact expressions of the successful transmission probabilities, the average sum rate and the EE based on stochastic geometry theory. Then, we formulate the optimization problem of maximizing the EE subject to four constraints regarding to transmission power and outage probabilities, and the non-convexity of this problem is also verified. After that, by exploiting the objective function property of being the sum of several functions, we propose a derivative-based algorithm to solve this non-convex optimization problem. Our theoretical analysis shows that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is significantly lower than that of the conventional branch and bound algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve the near-optimal EE with much better performance than the conventional algorithm.
关键词： 5G,D2D communication,energy efficiency,stochastic geometry
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The New European Renewable Energy Directive - Opportunities and Challenges for Photovoltaics
摘要： Tremendous traffic demands for ubiquitous access and emerging multimedia applications significantly increase the energy consumption of battery-powered mobile devices. This trend leads to that energy efficiency (EE) becomes an essential aspect of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In this paper, we explore EE optimization as measured in bits per Joule for MANETs based on the cross-layer design paradigm. We model this problem as a nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation by jointly considering routing, traffic scheduling, and power control. Because the nonconvex MINLP problem is NP-hard in general, it is exceedingly difficult to globally optimize this problem. We, therefore, devise a customized branch and bound (BB) algorithm to efficiently solve this globally optimal problem. The novelties of our proposed BB algorithm include upper and lower bounding schemes and branching rule that are designed using the characteristics of the nonconvex MINLP problem. We demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed BB algorithm by offering numerical comparisons with a reference algorithm that uses the relaxation manners proposed in [1]–[3]. Numerical results show that our proposed BB algorithm scheme, respectively, decreases the optimality gap 81.98% and increases the best feasible solution 32.79% compared with the reference algorithm. Furthermore, our results not only provide insights into the design of EE maximization algorithms for MANETs by employing cooperations between different layers but also serve as performance benchmarks for distributed protocols developed for real-world applications.
关键词： cross layer,branch and bound,Energy efficiency,optimization,MANET
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Luminescence of Polyamide-6 ?± and ?3 forms (Invited)
摘要： This paper focuses on energy efficiency aspects and related benefits of radio-access-network-as-a-service (RANaaS) implementation (using commodity hardware) as architectural evolution of LTE-advanced networks toward 5G infrastructure. RANaaS is a novel concept introduced recently, which enables the partial centralization of RAN functionalities depending on the actual needs as well as on network characteristics. In the view of future definition of 5G systems, this cloud-based design is an important solution in terms of efficient usage of network resources. The aim of this paper is to give a vision of the advantages of the RANaaS, to present its benefits in terms of energy efficiency and to propose a consistent system-level power model as a reference for assessing innovative functionalities toward 5G systems. The incremental benefits through the years are also discussed in perspective, by considering technological evolution of IT platforms and the increasing matching between their capabilities and the need for progressive virtualization of RAN functionalities. The description is complemented by an exemplary evaluation in terms of energy efficiency, analyzing the achievable gains associated with the RANaaS paradigm.
关键词： 5G,LTE-advanced,RAN-as-a-service,Energy efficiency,power model,radio access networks,cloud-RAN,wireless communication
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 19th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR) - Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2019.12.2-2019.12.6)] 2019 19th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR) - The CALM System: New Generation Computer-Assisted Laser Microsurgery
摘要： An Enhanced-Internet that provides ultra-low-latency guaranteed-rate communications for Cloud Services is proposed. The network supports two traffic classes, the Smooth and Best-Effort classes. Smooth traffic flows receive low-jitter GR service over virtual-circuit-switched (VCS) connections with negligible buffering and queueing delays, up to 100% link utilizations, deterministic end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees, and improved energy efficiency. End-to-end delays are effectively reduced to the fiber 'time of flight.' A new router scheduling problem called the Bounded Normalized-Jitter integer-programming problem is formulated. A fast polynomial-time approximate solution is presented, allowing TDM-based router schedules to be computed in microseconds. We establish that all admissible traffic demands in any packet-switched network can be simultaneously satisfied with GR-VCS connections, with minimal buffering. Each router can use two periodic TDM-based schedules to support GR-VCS connections, which are updated automatically when the router's traffic rate matrix changes. The design of a Silicon-Photonics all-optical packet switch with minimal buffering is presented. The Enhanced-Internet can: 1) reduce router buffer requirements by factors of; 2) increase the Internet's aggregate capacity; 3) lower the Internet's capital and operating costs; and 4) lower greenhouse gas emissions through improved energy efficiency.
关键词： energy efficiency,DiffServ,cloud,low latency,Buffer sizes,routing,data centers,Future Internet,cloud computing,quality of service (QoS),scheduling
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Investigation of effect of batch-separation on the micro-energy generation in M.indica L. dye-sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： The technology of silicon panels has improved over the years with the application of silicon into several material architecture. However, the high cost of the technology has limited its wide adoption. Recent advances have shown that natural materials employed as dye sensitizers for solar cells provide viable alternatives at low cost. This study focused on implementing Mango (Magnifera indica Linn.) leaf dye as dye sensitizer for solar cells. Unlike previous approaches, it employed batch-separated M.indica L. to sensitize two groups of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Parameters such as short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), maximum power (Pmax), fill factor (ff), incident photon to conversion efficiency (IPCE) and output efficiency (?) were used to determine the outcome of the M.indica L. DSCs. The doctor blade method and high temperature sintering at 450 0C was used in the preparation of both photoanodes. Photovoltaic results reveal DSCs with a higher efficiency of 4.75 x 10-3 % in crude M.indica L. than 0.07 x 10-3 % for batch separated hexane faction of M.indica L. under same conditions of standard air mass. Remarkably, the hexane M.indica L.DSC recorded larger values of Isc and Voc. The significance of this result is that crude M.indica L DSCs are more affordable, have a facile production process and is an ecologically safe alternatives to silicon solar cells. Although the efficiencies are comparatively low, further research with a solar simulator and co-sensitization with other dyes is recommended for a better outcome.
关键词： Energy Efficiency,Photovoltaic Systems,Energy harvesting,Solar Power,Sustainable Energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22