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- 2018
- Image processing
- Infrared camera
- Eye movement
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- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM Symposium - Warsaw, Poland (2018.06.14-2018.06.17)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications - ETRA '18 - Hands-free web browsing
摘要： Hands-free browsers provide an effective tool for Web interaction and accessibility, overcoming the need for conventional input sources. Current approaches to hands-free interaction are primarily categorized in either voice or gaze-based modality. In this work, we investigate how these two modalities could be integrated to provide a better hands-free experience for end-users. We demonstrate a multimodal browsing approach combining eye gaze and voice inputs for optimized interaction, and to suffice user preferences with unimodal benefits. The initial assessment with five participants indicates improved performance for the multimodal prototype in comparison to single modalities for hands-free Web browsing.
关键词： voice input,Web accessibility,speech commands,multimodal interfaces,eye tracking,Hands-free interaction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Detection of Driver Drowsiness using Eye Blink Sensor
摘要： Accidents due to driver drowsiness can be prevented using eye blink sensors. The driver is supposed to wear the eye blink sensor frame throughout the course of driving and blink has to be for a couple of seconds to detect drowsiness. Any random changes in steering movement leads to reduction in wheel speed. The threshold of the vibration sensor can be varied and accordingly action can be taken. The outcome is that the vibrator attached to eye blink sensor’s frame vibrates if the driver falls asleep and also the LCD displays the warning messages. The wheel is slowed or stopped depending on the condition. This is accompanied by the owner being notified through the GSM module, so the owner can retrieve the driver’s location, photograph and police station list near to driver’s location. This is how the driver can be alerted during drowsiness and the owner can be notified simultaneously
关键词： Drowsy Driver Detection System,LCD,Microcontroller,eye blink sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication of perovskite solar cell with high short-circuit current density (JSC) using moth-eye structure of SiOX
摘要： The performance of solar cells is determined by three factors: the open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF). The VOC and FF are determined by the material bandgap and the series/shunt resistance, respectively. However, JSC is determined by the amount of incident light in addition to the bandgap of the material. In this study, a moth-eye pattern was formed on a glass surface via direct printing to increase the amount of incident light and thus increase JSC. The moth-eye pattern is a typical antireflection pattern that reduces the reflection by gradually increasing the refractive index. A flat perovskite solar cell (F-PSC) and a moth-eye patterned perovskite solar cell (M-PSC) had JSC values of 23.70 and 25.50 mA/cm2, respectively. The power-conversion efficiencies of the F-PSC and M-PSC were 19.81% and 21.77%, respectively.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,hydrogen silsesquioxane,direct printing,moth-eye pattern
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Detecting task demand via an eye tracking machine learning system
摘要： Computerized systems play a significant role in today’s fast-paced digital economy. Because task demand is a major factor that influences how computerized systems are used to make decisions, identifying task demand automatically provides an opportunity for designing advanced decision support systems that can respond to user needs at a personalized level. A first step for designing such advanced decision tools is to investigate possibilities for developing automatic task load detectors. Grounded in decision making, eye tracking, and machine learning literature, we argue that task demand can be detected automatically, reliably, and unobtrusively using eye movements only. To investigate this possibility, we developed an eye tracking task load detection system and tested its effectiveness. Our results revealed that our task load detection system reliably predicted increased task demand from users’ eye movement data. These results and their implications for research and practice are discussed.
关键词： task demand,human computer interaction,cognitive effort,adaptive decision making,eye tracking,machine learning
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The naked-eye NH3 sensor based on fluorinated graphene
摘要： Graphene has aroused continual and tremendous interest in gas sensing applications because of its unique properties. However, the graphene-based sensors still meet limitations such as inconvenient device fabrication, sustained power supply, specific measuring equipment, etc. Here, we find that fluorinated graphene (FG) shows an obvious color change (from white to dark yellow) in the presence of NH3 which can be observed directly by the naked eye. PL measurement shows that the sensitivity of color change can reach a high value of ca. 4.05 % ppm-1. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the F atoms on FG increase the adsorption ability and charge transfer of NH3 molecules, resulting in the efficient color change. This work develops a naked-eye sensor which needs no device fabrication, power supply or measuring equipment, thus, can be potentially used to manufacture a cheap, sensitive and miniaturized NH3 sensor.
关键词： fluorinated graphene,charge transfer,NH3 sensor,naked-eye color change,adsorption ability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ACM Press the 12th International Conference - Eindhoven, Netherlands (2018.09.03-2018.09.04)] Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras - ICDSC '18 - Hand-Eye Camera Calibration with an Optical Tracking System
摘要： This paper presents a method for hand-eye camera calibration via an optical tracking system (OTS) faciltating robotic applications. The camera pose cannot be directly tracked via the OTS. Because of this, a transformation matrix between a marker-plate pose, tracked via the OTS, and the camera pose needs to be estimated. To this end, we evaluate two different approaches for hand-eye calibration. In the first approach, the camera is in a fixed position and a 2D calibration plate is displaced. In the second approach, the camera is also fixed, but now a 3D calibration object is moved. The first step of our method consists of collecting N views of the marker-plate pose and the calibration plates, acquired via OTS. This is achieved by keeping the camera fixed and moving the calibration plate, while taking a picture of the calibration plate using the camera. A dataset is constructed that contains marker-plate poses and the relative camera poses. Afterwards, the transformation matrix is then computed, following a least-squares minimization. Accuracy in hand-eye calibration is computed in terms of re-projection error, calculated based on camera homography transformations. For both approaches, we measure the changes in accuracy as a function of the number of poses used for each calibration, while we define the minimum number of poses required to obtain a good camera calibration. Results of the experiments show similar performances for the two evaluated methods, achieving a median value of the re-projection error at N = 25 poses of 0.76 mm for the 2D calibration plate and 0.70 mm for the 3D calibration object. Also, we have found that minimally 15 poses are required to achieve a good camera calibration.
关键词： optical tracking system,neurosurgery,augmented reality,Hand-eye calibration,endoscope,tracking
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Agreement of non-invasive tear break up time measurement between Tomey RT-7000 Auto Refractor-Keratometer and Oculus Keratograph 5M
摘要： Background: It is difficult to standardize assessment of dry eye in different clinical settings. Increasingly, tear stability is recognized to be important for the definition and assessment of patients with dry eye. Recently, two commercially available instruments have been made available for objectively measuring noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), as an indicator of tear stability: the Tomey RT-7000 Auto Refractor-Keratometer and Oculus Keratograph (K)5M. We aim to assess the agreement of NIBUT measurements using these modalities. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary referral eye center and involved 126 consecutive dry eye patients. NIBUT assessment was performed on the right eyes of participants with both the RT-7000 and the K5M techniques, with the order of assessment randomized. The Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaires were administered to assess dry eye symptoms in the 2 weeks before assessment. Results: The age of the participants was 56.0±14.3 years (69.84% females). Measurements for both modalities were non-normally distributed (right-skewed). The median RT-7000 and K5M readings were 4.2 (range 0.1–10.0) and 6.4 (0.1–24.9) seconds, respectively. RT-7000 and K5M readings were poorly correlated (ρ=0.061, P=0.495). Intraclass correlation coefficient between the modalities was 0.187 (95% confidence interval -0.097 to 0.406). The Bland–Altman plot showed no systematic differences between the readings with these machines. The agreement between machines was not different in different SPEED categories. Conclusion: While there are theoretical and practical benefits of NIBUT for assessment of tear stability over dye-based methods, the agreement between the two modalities was poor. Hence, studies and trials assessing NIBUT should avoid using these modalities interchangeably for NIBUT assessment. More research is needed to improve consensus on how to determine NIBUT.
关键词： tear film,tear break-up time,Tomey RT-7000,dry eye,Oculus Keratograph
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Irregular Astigmatism and Higher-Order Aberrations in Eyes With Dry Eye Disease
摘要： Visual disturbances were included in the de?nition of dry eye disease in the 2007 Dry Eye Workshop report. As a result, quality of vision (QoV) in dry eye patients has received increased attention. Corneal topography and wavefront sensors have been used to objectively and quantitatively evaluate optical quality, with data showing increases in irregular astigmatism and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in dry eye patients. Furthermore, ocular optical characteristics are in?uenced by the tear ?lm, which constantly ?uctuates over time. Therefore, dynamic quantitative assessments of optical quality with continuous measurements are essential to understanding QoV in dry eye patients. This review summarizes what is known and what advances have been made in evaluating and understanding QoV in dry eye patients. In particular, corneal topographic and wavefront analyses, conducted both overseas and in Japan, are described.
关键词： wavefront sensor,dry eye,higher-order aberrations,corneal topography,irregular astigmatism
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Stereo Camera Head-Eye Calibration Based on Minimum Variance Approach Using Surface Normal Vectors
摘要： This paper presents a stereo camera-based head-eye calibration method that aims to ?nd the globally optimal transformation between a robot’s head and its eye. This method is highly intuitive and simple, so it can be used in a vision system for humanoid robots without any complex procedures. To achieve this, we introduce an extended minimum variance approach for head-eye calibration using surface normal vectors instead of 3D point sets. The presented method considers both positional and orientational error variances between visual measurements and kinematic data in head-eye calibration. Experiments using both synthetic and real data show the accuracy and ef?ciency of the proposed method.
关键词： stereo camera,humanoid robot,surface normal vector,minimum variance approach,head-eye calibration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating with APD on Designed Optical Fiber Communication Link
摘要： Application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in optical communication is an evolving field. In this research paper, various types of chirped FBG’s (CFBG) have been used with avalanche photodiode (APD) on the designed optical fiber communication (OFC) link. Data rate of 20 Gbps and return-to-zero modulation format has been kept as fixed parameters. The designed link has been evaluated for varying fiber lengths (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 km), various type of CFBG’s (linear, quadratic, square root and cubic root) with Gaussian apodization function, varying grating lengths (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm) and operating temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C). The designed OFC link has also been evaluated for APD with and without CFBG. The performance evaluation matrix parameters selected are Q-factor, bit error rate and eye diagram. The OFC link employing CFBG with APD has been found to be superior. In compensating chromatic dispersion, optimum results have been observed for linear CFBG with Gaussian apodization function in comparison to other types of CFBG with 50 mm grating length for the maximum transmission distance.
关键词： bit error rate (BER),Optical fiber communication (OFC),eye diagram,chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG),vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL),avalanche photodiode (APD),Q-factor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57