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Effect of electron beam irradiation on structure, morphology, and optical properties of PVDF-HFP/PEO blend polymer electrolyte films
摘要： The effect of 8 MeV energy electron beam (EB) on poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) (@ w/w 90:10, PHP10) polymer blend films have been prepared and studied. The change in structure, morphology, and optical properties at 40, 80, and 120 kGy EB doses were investigated. The effect of the radiation process may responsible to occurs the degradation (chain scission) and chain link (cross linking) which are confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. The band at 1401 cm?1 corresponding to the –CH2– bending or scission mode have shifted to 1397 cm?1 after 120 kGy EB dose is due to the intermolecular interaction and the changes of the macromolecular chain by breaking of bonds with increased EB dose was observed. The XRD pattern shows decreased in the crystallinity from 60.03 to 23.42% and increased amorphousity for 120 kGy EB dose the and the surface morphology was drastically changed by decreasing the size of spherulites upon increased EB dose. The increase in optical absorption and the shifting of wavelength toward a higher end (red shift) was observed after the irradiation. The energy band gaps (Eg), and Urbach energy were estimated and they are found to be decreased, but the number of carbon atoms in a cluster of was increased with increased EB dose. The obtained results notice that the physical properties of polymer blend electrolytes can be improved by EB irradiation to use in different potential applications.
关键词： Polymer electrolyte,FESEM,UV–visible spectroscopy,Structural analysis,Electron beam irradiation
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Synthesis, characterization and dye sensitized solar cell application of Zinc oxide based coaxial core-shell hetrostructure.
摘要： In the present work, the ZnO/CdS coaxial core shell hetrostructure has been synthesized on indium doped tin oxide glass substrate using chemical solution methods and further it is used as photoanode in the DSSC application. Four samples with different concentration of sulphur source were prepared. An approximate crystallite size of 22 nm for ZnO and 18 nm for CdS has been obtained as analyzed from X-ray diffraction data. FESEM and HRTEM images confirm the formation of CdS shell on ZnO nanorods with a width below 100 nanometer. UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to examine the optical response revealing the fact that band gap reduction and a small red shift takes place for core shell structure as compared to bare ZnO nanorods array. The J-V characterization was performed to study the photovoltaic response. An improved efficiency was observed for core shell ZnO/CdS hetrostructure (3.66%) as compared to bare ZnO nanorods based DSSCs (0.70%). This improvement is due to increased current density caused by reduced recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs. This reduced recombination is achieved by two factors, one is formation of type two core shell hetrostructure and second is increasing sulphur concentration in shell structure.
关键词： DSSC,Hetrostructure,FESEM,HR-TEM,coaxial core-shell
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Visible Light Assisted Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites Prepared by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method
摘要： A series of Ni1?xZnxO (x = 0.1 to 0.4) nanocomposites is synthesized by facile chemical co-precipitation method. The structural analysis is carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) graph which reveals both cubic (NiO) and hexagonal (ZnO) phases. Chemical bonding, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of prepared nanocomposites are investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. FESEM micrographs show the formation of nanorods at higher concentration of zinc content. Introducing higher amount of Zn, optical band gap of composites is considerably reduced. Furthermore, solutions of Rose Bengal (RB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes are used to investigate the photocatalytic ability of synthesized samples in the presence of sunlight. It was found that the percentage degradation of dye concentration increases with irradiation time and also with the increase in concentration of zinc in prepared samples.
关键词： Photocatalysis,Co-Precipitation,FESEM
更新于2025-11-14 14:48:53
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Determination of physical properties of graphene doped ZnO (ZnO:Gr) nanocomposite thin films deposited by a thermionic vacuum arc technique
摘要： This study is focused on the growth of graphene doped ZnO (ZnO:Gr) nanocomposite thin films by a thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) technique. ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films were deposited onto glass and silicon (Si) substrates. The influence of the dopant effect on structural, optical, morphological properties of the ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films were investigated by using various analysis techniques such as interferometer, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrometer, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Thicknesses value of ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films for the deposited layers onto glass and Si substrates were measured as to be 50 nm and 20 nm, respectively. In XRD patterns, the reflections of the ZnO and carbon nanostructures were observed. Using UV–Vis spectrophotometer and optical interferometer, the refractive index, reflectance, transmittance, absorbance and optical band gap graphs of the ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films were determined. Optical band gap of the ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin film that deposited on glass substrate was determined as to be 3.15 eV via optical method and the result is in good harmony with PL measurement. PL spectrum showed an ultraviolet (UV) emission peak at 397 nm (3.12 eV). From the Raman analysis of the ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films, ZnO, D and 2D peaks of the graphene were observed. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical composition of the samples. According to AFM and FESEM analysis, ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films are smooth, flat, granular, uniform and dense form. Due to the larger crystallite sizes ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin film onto Si substrate has lower resistivity according to the ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin film deposited onto glass substrate. As a result, ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films are promising material for potential applications as to be a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material.
关键词： FESEM,TVA,ZnO:Gr nanocomposite thin films,XRD,AFM
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effect of pH Values on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of SnO2 Nanostructures
摘要： In the present work, we have synthesized the SnO2 nanostructures via precipitation method under optimal conditions at different pH values (3, 7 and 11) and studied the effect of different pH values on the structural, optical and electrical properties. The prepared samples are characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, PL, UV–Visible, FTIR spectroscopy and EIS measurements. XRD analysis reveals the tetragonal crystal structure for the prepared SnO2 nanostructures. TEM images show that the morphology of SnO2 nanostructures changed from spherical to hexagonal as pH values increased from 3 to 11. The deconvoluted PL spectra show various defects present in the synthesized samples that act as luminescent centers. The absorption spectra revealed that the maximum optical band-gap is obtained for SnO2 nanostructures synthesized using acidic solutions. The FTIR spectrum verifies the presence of stretching vibration mode of O-Sn-O bond and, stretching and bending bonds of O-H bonds in the prepared samples. A detailed exploration on frequency and temperature dependent impedance properties of SnO2 nanostructures has been done with the change in pH values.
关键词： Impedance spectroscopy,SnO2,PL,TEM,pH values,Nanostructures,FESEM
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Spectroscopic studies of silica-incorporated lanthanum ?2-diketonate complexes for application in optoelectronic devices
摘要： In the present research work, silica-incorporated complexes of lanthanum β-diketonate were synthesized. Structural characterization of the prepared complexes was made on the basis of FTIR and FESEM studies. Shifting of peaks in the FTIR spectra are discussed in relation with the complexation, also incorporation of silica in complexes was confirmed by the FTIR spectra. FESEM and EDX studies were performed to know the surface morphology as well as elemental composition of the prepared complexes. The optical properties such as diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence were studied to get the idea about the possible transitions among the energy levels of the complexes as well as to know the emission peaks. The assignment of luminescence band is determined from excited state lifetime. The variation in luminescence intensity with time was measured by recording decay curves at fixed emission wavelength. The life time for all the three complexes was measured in micro-second (μs) order. Color coordinates of the complexes lie in the blue region. Thermal stability of the complexes was checked by measuring the loss in weight as a function of temperature.
关键词： FESEM,silica-incorporated lanthanum β-diketonate,FTIR,thermal stability,photoluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dysprosium activated strontium aluminate phosphor: A potential candidate for WLED applications
摘要： A series of dysprosium activated strontium aluminate phosphors (SrAl2O4:xDy3+: x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 %) are prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The structure of the prepared phosphors is analyzed by XRD, results confirm that the crystallinity of the synthesized phosphors is monoclinic phase with space group P21. Morphology and microstructure of the synthesized phosphors is analyzed using FESEM and TEM analysis respectively. Optical properties are analyzed by using Raman and PL spectra. The characteristic peak observed at 465 cm-1 corresponds to bending mode of O-Al-O bonds in corners sharing with [AlO4]5- tetrahedral. The strongest PL emission band observed at 470 nm is assigned to 4F9/2 - 6H15/2 transition in blue region under the ultraviolet excitation wavelength of 347 nm. White light is formed by combination of these three colors and is confirmed by CIE chromatic coordinate graph and possible responsible mechanism is explained in detail.
关键词： Raman,SrAl2O4:Dy3+,PL,XRD,TEM,CIE,FESEM
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra and Theoretical Study of an Organophosphate Malathion
摘要： Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is an established technique for the rapid and sensitive analysis of chemicals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this work is to develop sensitive and cost effective SERS substrates for pesticide detection using modified mirror reaction and physical deposition method. The prepared substrates were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The prepared slides were then used to detect an organophosphate pesticide, Malathion. The available simple geometry of Malathion was optimized using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set of Gaussian 09 software. The experimental Raman spectra, Surface Enhanced Raman spectra and theoretically computed wavenumbers are compared and the results are presented briefly.
关键词： modified mirror reaction,FESEM,nanocluster deposition,Malathion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of organic dyes and polypyrrole on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Polypyrrole films were coated on conductive glass by electrochemical deposition (alternative current of direct process). They were then used as the dye-synthesized solar cell counter electron electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that polypyrrole forms a nanoparticle like structure on the conductive glass. In the present study, two new organic dyes based on aniline and substituted 5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde with aniline were prepared and used and sensitizes in dye-sensitized solar cells. These dyes in solution and on a nano-anatase v2o5 substrate were investigated. Additionally, oxidation potential measurement were also carried out. Finally, dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated to determine and conversion efficiency of each dye.
关键词： FESEM,Cyclic Voltammetry,FT-IR,Dye-sensitized solar cells,UV Spectroscopy,XRD,Nitrosalicylaldehyde-aniline
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Determination of Technological Features of a Solar Photovoltaic Cell Made of Monocrystalline Silicon P <sup>+</sup> PNN <sup>+</sup>
摘要： The development in the field of semiconductor materials and electronic devices has a great impact on systems with renewable energy sources. Determination of the functional parameters of photovoltaic solar cells is essential for the subsequent usage of these semiconductor devices. Research was made on type P+PNN+ monocrystalline silicon wafers. Crystallographic measurements of the photovoltaic solar cell were made by means of FESEM-FIB Auriga Workstation. Initial data were selected from the study of models found in the specialized literature. The experimental results were compared to classical mathematical models. Measurements made on the photovoltaic solar cell were realised in laboratory conditions on the NI-ELVIS platform produced by National Instruments.
关键词： P+PNN+,NI-ELVIS platform,monocrystalline silicon,FESEM-FIB Auriga Workstation,photovoltaic solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22