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- 2018
- rural electrification
- optimised renewable energy utilisation
- power sharing
- micro grid
- community development
- grid interconnection
- IoT based data acquisition system
- Grid tie solar PV system
- IoT
- Losses in Solar PV plant
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Amrita School of Engineering
- Zeal College of Engineering and Research
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MALDI MS Imaging at Acquisition Rates Exceeding 100 Pixels per Second
摘要： The practicality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) applied to molecular imaging of biological tissues is limited by the analysis speed. Typically, a relatively low speed of stop-and-go micromotion of XY stages is considered as a factor substantially reducing the rate with which fresh sample material can be supplied to the laser spot. The sample scan rate in our laboratory-built high-throughput imaging TOF mass spectrometer was significantly improved through the use of a galvanometer-based optical scanner performing fast laser spot repositioning on a target plate. The optical system incorporated into the ion source of our MALDI TOF mass spectrometer allowed focusing the laser beam via a modified grid into a 10-μm round spot. This permitted the acquisition of high-resolution MS images with a well-defined pixel size at acquisition rates exceeding 100 pixel/s. The influence of selected parameters on the total MS imaging time is discussed. The new scanning technique was employed to display the distribution of an antitumor agent in 3D colorectal adenocarcinoma cell aggregates; a single MS image comprising 100 × 100 pixels with 10-μm lateral resolution was recorded in approximately 70 s.
关键词： MSI,TOF,Mass spectrometry imaging,High throughput,Laser beam scanning,Colorectal adenocarcinoma,3D cell aggregates,Spheroids,Grid ion source,MALDI
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Brasov, Romania (2019.11.3-2019.11.6)] 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - The Closed Loop Controller Gain Characterization for Enhanced Current Quality in Solar Inverters Coupled with Weak Grid
摘要： Majority of solar installations are coming up in remote locations where the stiffness of the grid is very weak, enforces to connect solar inverters to weak grid. In weak grid scenario, solar inverter would inject harmonic current into the grid that affect the power quality of the system. The solar inverters are designed to operate with stiff grid in which the closed (feedback and feed forward) loop control is planned by considering absolute decoupling between the direct and quadrature grid injected current. With the conventional design speci?cations in weak grid scenario, the absolute decoupling between the direct and quadrature current cannot be achieved due to grid inductance. The improper decoupling would create the oscillations in the grid injected current that result in increased harmonic distortion. To compensate the current oscillations, the current controller feedback loop gain need to be designed by accessing the degree of coupling. Since the grid injected current sensed at the point of common coupling and transformed to DC quantities (direct current id and quadrature current iq) using synchronous angle, the same current oscillations appear in d-axis and q-axis current control loop. In this work, the d-axis and q-axis loop oscillations with respect to grid inductance are analyzed analytically. Based on the analysis the d-axis and q-axis PI controllers are designed independently unlike conventional PI controller to ensure not only faster dynamic response of the system but also improved power quality.
关键词： closed loop control,weak grid,PI controllers,current THD,Grid connected solar inverter,single stage transformer less grid connected inverter,Power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Islanding operation scheme for DC microgrid utilizing pseudo Droop control of photovoltaic system
摘要： The penetration levels of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles are increasing with the increase in the demand to solve energy and environmental issues. These distributed generators and energy storages can be efficiently managed in a DC smart grid by coordinated control. This paper proposes novel management schemes for DC systems to improve the reliability of power supply and improve the introduction ratio of renewable energy sources (RES). The proposed DC smart grid includes multiple DC microgrids. These configurations and control systems must be designed on the assumption of islanding operation of DC systems. In the islanding power system with the high penetration of RES, not only the utilization of energy storage but also load shedding and RES control is important. Hence, an efficient control strategy by using a storage battery, fuel cell and electrolyzer units, heat pump units, and a photovoltaic (PV) system is presented for stable islanding operation of DC microgrid. As the most important concept, a pseudo Droop control is proposed that utilizes the characteristics of the PV module. The pseudo Droop control enables the PV system to suppress the output power properly by using a simple control system without the maximum power estimation. Fault ride through protection for DC system is also adapted to the DC distribution lines. The performance of the proposed DC smart grid is demonstrated through MATLAB?/Simscape ElectricalTM simulations. The simulation results show that the DC microgrid can maintain stable islanding operation under the proposed management schemes when faults occur in the DC distribution lines.
关键词： DC smart grid,Fault ride through,Islanding operation,Droop control,Renewable energy,DC microgrid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Implementation of Temporal Parallelization for Rapid Quasi-Static Time-Series (QSTS) Simulations
摘要： Quasi-static time-series (QSTS) analysis of distribution systems can provide critical information about the potential impacts of high penetrations of distributed and renewable resources, like solar photovoltaic systems. However, running high-resolution yearlong QSTS simulations of large distribution feeders can be prohibitively burdensome due to long computation times. Temporal parallelization of QSTS simulations is one possible solution to overcome this obstacle. QSTS simulations can be divided into multiple sections, e.g. into four equal parts of the year, and solved simultaneously with parallel computing. The challenge is that each time the simulation is divided, error is introduced. This paper presents various initialization methods for reducing the error associated with temporal parallelization of QSTS simulations and characterizes performance across multiple distribution circuits and several different computers with varying architectures.
关键词： PV grid integration,parallel processing,quasi-static time-series,distribution system modeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Daejeon, Korea (South) (2019.7.28-2019.8.1)] 2019 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Multimodal and Multifunctional Plasmonic Nanostructures and Techniques
摘要： State-space current control enables high dynamic performance of a three-phase grid-connected converter equipped with an LCL filter. In this paper, observer-based state-space control is designed using direct pole placement in the discrete-time domain and in grid-voltage coordinates. Analytical expressions for the controller and observer gains are derived as functions of the physical system parameters and design specifications. The connection between the physical parameters and the control algorithm enables automatic tuning. Parameter sensitivity of the control method is analyzed. The experimental results show that the resonance of the LCL filter is well damped, and the dynamic performance specified by direct pole placement is obtained for the reference tracking and grid-voltage disturbance rejection.
关键词： Active damping,current control,LCL filter,grid-connected converter,parameter sensitivity,sensorless state feedback
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Fight Climate Change (Global Warming) With Solar + Multi-Storage Resilient Smart Home/Building And Ensure Security & Safety While Saving Thousands
摘要： Using industrial IoT smart devices for home/building automation, energy usage monitoring & control and sky-camera with local satellite/radar imaging for weather forecasting we achieved a smart energy management system that can control and balance the home/building energy ecosystem and reduce the carbon footprint by 92%. Grid-buy electricity from the utility was reduced from 14.5MWh/year costing $4,754/year to 1.2MWh/year costing $371/year for a return on investment of <3.1 years. Using multiple renewable energy storage techniques (battery, hot and cold thermal storage) we reduced the overnight energy usage from 70% to 25% which was satisfied by battery and thermal storage device discharge. We achieved Island Nano-Grid and 100% renewable clean energy for resilience, security, safety and savings.
关键词： resilience and multi-storage,climate change,home automation,IoT devices,smart devices,island nano-grid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhancing fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell performance using integrated metallic grids to improve carbon electrode conductivity
摘要： Carbon based Perovskite Solar cells (C-PSCs) have emerged as the most promising candidates for commercialisation in the field of perovskite photovoltaics, as they are highly stable, low cost and make use of easily scaled manufacturing techniques. However, the limited conductivity of the carbon electrode inhibits performance and represents a significant barrier to commercial application. Τhis work presents a scalable method for enhancing the carbon electrode conductivity through the integration of aluminium and copper grids into prefabricated C-PSCs. Adhered to the cells using an additional low temperature carbon ink, the metallic grids were found to dramatically reduce top electrode series resistance, leading to a large improvement in fill factor and efficiency. After grid integration, the 1 cm2 C-PSCs yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% and 13% for copper and aluminium respectively, while standard C-PSCs obtained PCE of 11.3%. Performance is also significantly augmented in the case of larger-scale 11.7 cm2 modules, where PCEs went from 7.7% to 10% and 11% for aluminium and copper grids respectively. This technique offers a fast and low temperature route to high-performance, large-area C-PSCs and could therefore have serious potential for application to the high-volume manufacture of perovskite cells and modules.
关键词： Module,Carbon based perovskite solar cell,Enhanced efficiency,Low temperature carbon ink,Metallic grid,Highly conductive carbon electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of dust, soiling, aging, and weather conditions on photovoltaic system performances in a Saharan environmenta??Case study in Algeria
摘要： Solar photovoltaic (PV) power represents one of the most promising future sources of energy in the world. Considered the cleanest form of energy, extensive research is being undertaken to widen its use. Notably, mega projects are being considered for installation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region because of its high solar potential, with hopes of eventually feeding Europe from the PV electricity generated in this region and transported through high voltage direct current (DC) lines. However, current implementation of PV systems has shown that their reliability and efficiency depend upon surrounding environmental factors, such as the ambient temperature, wind, and rainfall, as well as soiling, pollution, and aging. The aim of this study was to investigate, through experimental tests, the effects of such factors on the power output of a grid connected PV station. The results showed that the output power and efficiency are deeply affected by various environmental factors, which are weather dependent. These findings may help us develop appropriate solutions to overcome these drawbacks.
关键词： Soiling,Dust,Power losses,Aging,Grid connected PV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bench marking of grid tied solar roof top photovoltaic system: a case comparison
摘要： Indian power sector having the target of 175GW of power from renewable energy, out of that 40 GW from Rooftop solar Photovoltaic system by 2022. The installed capacity of solar photovoltaic until 2017 is about 14.77 GW only. Even though in depth study has been carried out on the performance analysis, there is no bench marking has been arrived for the Indian Roof Top Solar PV system. Hence this paper has made an attempt by calculating the various parameters like performance ratio, plant capacity utilization ratio for the two 20KWp grid connected rooftop power plant in Telangana state. In addition to the above, it needs to do in depth analysis of power quality issues on roof top grid tied system.
关键词： Solar Photovoltaic Rooftop,Grid Connected,Performance Ratio,Capacity Utilization Factor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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3-Phase grid-connected building integrated photovoltaic system with reactive power control capability
摘要： Recently, a tendency in the growing of grid-connected building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems has been noticed in most countries. Hence, high penetration of PV power into the system network can be observed in many points in the network. This may cause severe problems on the distribution network due to the intermittent nature of PV systems. As a feasible solution, the reactive power capability of voltage source inverter in PV systems can be employed rather than approaching expensive grid infrastructures in the distribution network. The purpose of this study is to implement a 3-phase grid-connected (BIPV) system with reactive power control to regulate the system voltage and improve the system power factor. Subsequent to this, a specific system model has been designed and developed in MATLAB Simulink application. The selection of PV system specifications is based on practical system implementation. The inverter control system along with the reactive power control has been developed for the proper system operation at different system conditions to reduce the var compensation on the utility grid. Better system accuracy of the developed system model has been found by validating with real system data. The overall system performance has indicated that the effective utilization of reactive power control of a grid-connected PV system yields to a stable, reliable and cost-effective system network operation which reduces the heavy burden on the utility grid to control the PV system effects.
关键词： Reactive power control,Voltage source inverter,Grid-connected PV system,Voltage regulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57