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The effect evaluation of advanced penlight
摘要： Pupil diameter measurement is crucial for physical assessment and disease monitoring in a health and nursing care situation. A general penlights (GPLs) is frequently used and allow for an approximate and indirect measurement of the pupil diameter. Health caregivers or nurses generally have less confidence in the value of the pupil diameter measured using the GPL. The Advanced Penlight (APL) is a new device designed for accurate measurement of the pupil diameter. The purpose of the presented research was to compare the accuracies and operational times of the pupil diameter measurements by means of the GPL and APL. One-group post-test and single-blind study designed was used in this study. The innovation of the APL is the addition of a perspective measurement ruler (PMR) attached to one side of the penlight that allows precise measurement of the pupil diameter before and after pupillary contraction. The PMR can be rotated by any angle for adaptation to the measurement conditions. After standard pupil diameter measurements by a refractometer (RM) were performed on a subjects, ninety study participants measured the pupil diameters of the same subject separately by the GPL and APL. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the opinions of the participants after using the GPL compare to the APL. The mean age of the participants was 20.01 (SD = 0.47) years and 83% of them were female senior nursing students. There were no statistically significant differences between the average values of pupil diameters measured by the APL and the RM. Compared to the GPL, the pupil diameter measured by APL was much similar to the RM measurement. The average operational time was 8.72 seconds shorter (t = -3.81, p = 0.001) for the APL measurement compared to the GPL measurement. The average scores of convenience and confidence on pupil diameter measurements of questionnaire were higher for the APL compared to the GPL. The APL can increase the accuracy and save operating time of pupil diameter measurement and thereby promote the quality of health assessment and nursing care practice.
关键词： nursing care,general penlights,advanced penlight,pupil diameter measurement,health assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nuclear Power Plant Prestressed Concrete Containment Vessel Structure Monitoring during Integrated Leakage Rate Testing Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
摘要： As the last barrier of nuclear reactor, prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) play an important role in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To test the mechanical property of PCCV during the integrated leakage rate testing (ILRT), a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was used to monitor concrete strain. In addition, a finite element method (FEM) model was built to simulate the progress of the ILRT. The results showed that the strain monitored by FBG had the same trend compared to the inner pressure variation. The calculation results showed a similar trend compared with the monitoring results and provided much information about the locations in which the strain sensors should be installed. Therefore, it is confirmed that FBG sensors and FEM simulation are very useful in PCCV structure monitoring.
关键词： structure health monitoring (SHM),finite element method (FEM),integrated leakage rate test (ILRT),fiber Bragg grating (FBG),prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Organic Transistor-Based Chemical Sensors for Wearable Bioelectronics
摘要： Bioelectronics for healthcare that monitor the health information on users in real time have stepped into the limelight as crucial electronic devices for the future due to the increased demand for “point-of-care” testing, which is defined as medical diagnostic testing at the time and place of patient care. In contrast to traditional diagnostic testing, which is generally conducted at medical institutions with diagnostic instruments and requires a long time for specimen analysis, point-of-care testing can be accomplished personally at the bedside, and health information on users can be monitored in real time. Advances in materials science and device technology have enabled next-generation electronics, including flexible, stretchable, and biocompatible electronic devices, bringing the commercialization of personalized healthcare devices increasingly within reach, e.g., wearable bioelectronics attached to the body that monitor the health information on users in real time. Additionally, the monitoring of harmful factors in the environment surrounding the user, such as air pollutants, chemicals, and ultraviolet light, is also important for health maintenance because such factors can have short- and long-term detrimental effects on the human body. The precise detection of chemical species from both the human body and the surrounding environment is crucial for personal health care because of the abundant information that such factors can provide when determining a person’s health condition. In this respect, sensor applications based on an organic-transistor platform have various advantages, including signal amplification, molecular design capability, low cost, and mechanical robustness (e.g., flexibility and stretchability).
关键词： organic transistor-based chemical sensors,health monitoring,wearable bioelectronics,environmental monitoring,point-of-care testing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optimal Design Methodology of Tapered Waveguide Transducers for Thickness Monitoring
摘要： For the purpose of providing transducers for long-term monitoring of wall thinning of critical pressure equipment in corrosion or high temperature environments, the optimal design methodology for tapered waveguide units was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the feasibility of the quasi-fundamental shear horizontal (SH0*) wave propagating in the tapered waveguide units was analyzed via numerical simulations, and the transmitting limitations of the non-dispersive SH0* wave were researched. Secondly, several tapered waveguide transducers with varying cross-sections to transmit pure SH0* wave were designed according to the numerical results. Experimental investigations were carried out, and the results were compared with waveguide transducers with a prismatic cross-section. It was found that the tapered waveguide units can transmit non-dispersive shear horizontal waves and suppress the wave attenuation at the same time. The experimental results agreed very well with the numerical simulations. Finally, high-temperature experiments were carried out, and the reliability of thickness measuring by the tapered waveguide transducers was validated. The errors between the measured and the true thicknesses were small. This work paves a solid foundation for the optimal design of tapered waveguide transducers for thickness monitoring of equipment in harsh environments.
关键词： optimal design,quasi-fundamental shear horizontal wave,structural health monitoring,tapered waveguide unit,harsh environment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Investigation of a Bragg Grating-Based Fabrya??Perot Structure Inscribed Using Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in an Adiabatic Fiber Taper
摘要： This paper presents the fabrication of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based Fabry–Perot (FP) structure (7 mm total length) in an adiabatic fiber taper, investigates its strain and temperature characteristics, and compares the sensing characteristics with a standard polyimide coated FBG sensor. Firstly, a simulation of the said structure is presented, followed by the fabrication of an adiabatic fiber taper having the outer diameter reduced to 70 μm (core diameter to 4.7 μm). Next, the sensing structure, composed of two identical uniform FBG spaced apart by a small gap, is directly inscribed point-by-point using infrared femtosecond laser (fs-laser) micromachining. Lastly, the strain and temperature behavior for a range up to 3400 με and 225 ?C, respectively, are investigated for the fabricated sensor and the FBG, and compared. The fabricated sensor attains a higher strain sensitivity (2.32 pm/με) than the FBG (0.73 pm/με), while both the sensors experience similar sensitivity to temperature (8.85 pm/?C). The potential applications of such sensors include continuous health monitoring where precise strain detection is required.
关键词： Fabry–Perot,microfiber sensor structure,direct writing,sensor for structural health monitoring,point-by-point fabrication,femtosecond laser micromachining,harsh environment fiber sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering] Sensors and Microsystems Volume 629 (Proceedings of the 20th AISEM 2019 National Conference) || Relative Humidity Sensor Based on Tip of Multimode Optical Fiber Integrated with Photonic Crystal of Hydrogel Coated Polystyrene Nanoparticles
摘要： A relative humidity (RH) sensing device based on photonic crystal colloids auto-assembled directly on the tip of a multi-mode optical fiber is here described. The core-shell nanospheres are obtained by Polystyrene (PS) nanoporous structures (core) incorporated into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel (shell) and are subsequently deposited via a vertical dip-coating technique on a multimode optical fiber tip. The sensing capability is due to the hydrogel shell that swells depending on the relative humidity that induce wavelength shift and amplitude changes in the photonic bandgap peak. Spectral characterization and sensing analysis are performed, and the obtained results show that spectral characteristics are highly non-linear and strongly manufacturing dependent. A resolution of 1% RH is measured at 30% RH that significantly decreases at higher RH. Hereby, numerical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) have been performed in order to investigate the sensing mechanism.
关键词： Structural health monitoring,Deflection monitoring,Optical fiber sensors,Strain measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of Picosecond Laser Writing for Heat Resistant FBG Sensors and Adhesion Technique for High Temperature Industrial Plants; ?????3?§??????????????·￥?????????è????±FBG ?????3??μè￡??????¨é???????￡?￥-??¨????????3???????????￥???;
摘要： Pulse laser processing point by point method is applied for heat resistant Fiber Bragg Grating structure. In order to fabricate fine FBG, a close packaged picosecond laser system is used with a CCD camera microscopy. An optical fiber is mounted on a precision translation stage. The stage speed is controlled by the current position and the corrector output. In order to contact the FBG on a metal surface, nano-size colloidal silver adhesive is used under temperature monitoring. Heat expansion of SUS plate can be successfully monitored by strain gauge of the heat resistant FBG. It can be available for monitoring the structural integrity of high temperature industrial plant. Complex coolant piping systems of liquid sodium and molten salt are facing the risk of coolant leakage, which is the most promising usage.
关键词： Structural Health Integrity,Picosecond Laser Processing,Adhesion,High Temperature,FBG
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.12.4-2019.12.6)] 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - A Process Study of Laser Patterning of Different Conductive Layers for Printed Electronics
摘要： Stress-induced psychological and somatic diseases are virtually endemic nowadays. Written self-report anxiety measures are available; however, these indices tend to be time consuming to acquire. For medical patients, completing written reports can be burdensome if they are weak, in pain, or in acute anxiety states. Consequently, simple and fast non-invasive methods for assessing stress response from neurophysiological data are essential. In this paper, we report on a study that makes predictions of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) index from oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes of the prefrontal cortex using a two-channel portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Predictions are achieved by constructing machine learning algorithms within a Bayesian framework with nonlinear basis function together with Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation. In this paper, prediction experiments were performed against four different data sets, i.e., two comprising young subjects, and the remaining two comprising elderly subjects. The number of subjects in each data set varied between 17 and 20 and each subject participated only once. They were not asked to perform any task; instead, they were at rest. The root mean square errors for the four groups were 6.20, 6.62, 4.50, and 6.38, respectively. There appeared to be no significant distinctions of prediction accuracies between age groups and since the STAI are defined between 20 and 80, the predictions appeared reasonably accurate. The results indicate potential applications to practical situations such as stress management and medical practice.
关键词： blood oxygenation,prevention medicine,Anxiety index,neuronal activity,regional cerebral blood flow,translational engineering,near infrared spectroscopy,health and safety,prediction methods,oxyhemoglobin
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Monitoring of type IV composite pressure vessels with multilayer fully integrated optical fiber based distributed strain sensing
摘要： We present the results of distributed fiber optic strain sensing for condition monitoring of a hybrid type IV composite fully wrapped pressure vessel using multilayer integrated optical fibers. Distributed strain sensing was performed for a total number of 252,000 load cycles until burst of the vessel. During this ageing test material fatigue could be monitored and spatially localized. Critical material changes were detected 17,000 cycles before material failure. Results have been validated by acoustic emission analysis.
关键词： Hybrid composite pressure vessel,Acoustic emission analysis,Structural health monitoring,Distributed fiber optic sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Novel Fabry-P??rot Optical Sensor for Guided Wave Signal Acquisition
摘要： In this paper, a novel hybrid damage detection system is proposed, which utilizes piezoelectric actuators for guided wave excitation and a new ?bre optic (FO) sensor based on Fabry-Perot (FP) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). By replacing the FBG sensors with FBG-based FP sensors in the hybrid damage detection system, a higher strain resolution is achieved, which results in higher damage sensitivity and higher reliability in diagnosis. To develop the novel sensor, optimum parameters such as re?ectivity, a wavelength spectrum, and a sensor length were chosen carefully through an analytical model of the sensor, which has been validated with experiments. The sensitivity of the new FBG-based FP sensors was compared to FBG sensors to emphasize the superiority of the new sensors in measuring micro-strains. Lastly, the new FBG-based FP sensor was utilized for recording guided waves in a hybrid setup and compared to the conventional FBG hybrid sensor network to demonstrate their improved performance for a structural health monitoring (SHM) application.
关键词： ?ber optic sensors,guided waves,structural,health monitoring,hybrid PZT-FBG,Fabry-Perot
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57