- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Comparative Study of Silicon Photonic Modulators based on Transparent Conducting Oxide and Graphene
摘要： Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and graphene have been extensively investigated as promising materials for electro-optic modulation applications due to their dynamically configurable near-infrared properties. In this study, a detailed comparison between modulators comprising either a TCO film or a graphene-insulator-graphene structure is presented, considering a conventional silicon photonic waveguide as the underlying physical system. Both in-line and resonant configurations are investigated, integrating an electro-optic switching mechanism that changes the free-carrier concentration in the configurable material by means of electrical gating. The carrier-concentration change effect is rigorously modeled using solid-state physics principles, providing a physically consistent and straightforward comparison between the investigated material platforms. The performance of the designed modulators is thoroughly evaluated in terms of the extinction ratio, insertion loss, energy consumption, and bandwidth in both TE and TM operation. On the whole, both technologies support high-performance optical modulation, with TCO designs exhibiting an up to 40% smaller footprint, with their graphene counterparts standing out for their subpicojoule-per-bit performance on a physical system as simple as the employed silicon-wire waveguide. The low insertion losses as well as the impressive over-100-GHz switching speeds suggest both TCOs and graphene as very promising material candidates for future on-chip modulation applications.
关键词： silicon photonic modulators,transparent conducting oxide,near-infrared properties,electro-optic modulation,graphene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Structural, Infrared, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties of Ni0.6Cd0.2Cu0.2Fe2O4 Ferrites Synthesized Using Sol-Gel Method Under Different Sintering Temperatures
摘要： Ni0.6Cd0.2Cu0.2Fe2O4 ferrites were synthesized using sol-gel method under different sintering temperatures. XRD patterns with the Rietveld refinement indicate that samples crystallize in the cubic spinel structure. The increase of sintering temperature leads successively to the increase of lattice constant, average crystallite size, intensities of absorption bands, magnetization, and electrical conductivity of the prepared ferrites. Dielectric constants decrease with frequency and their behaviors have been investigated using the interfacial polarization theory predicted by Maxwell. The modulus analysis shows the presence of electrical relaxation phenomenon and non-Debye nature for the samples. An appropriate electrical equivalent circuit was used to analyze the Nyquist plots, and the results show that the conduction mechanism of the synthesized ferrites is mainly due to the grain boundary contribution.
关键词： Ferrites,conductivity,Rietveld refinement,Sol-gel method,Infrared properties,Dielectric properties
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46