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Comprehensive investigation of surface quality and mechanical properties in CO2 laser drilling of GFRP composites
摘要： The present paper aims to study different laser drilling/cutting parameters including laser intensity, cutting speed, and gas pressure in order to achieve minimum surface roughness (Ra), heat-affected zone (HAZ), taper angle (TA), and maximum tensile strength (TS) of the laser-drilled glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) laminate. Full factorial design of experiment method and analysis of variance were adopted to investigate the effect of each parameter on the responses, and in addition, the surface roughness and tensile strength were compared with that of conventional drilling. The morphology of the laser-drilled holes was studied through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that optimum laser drilling parameters can yield higher tensile strength and lower surface roughness in drilled GFRP laminate compared to the conventional drilling. Moreover, multi-response optimization was carried out on the results in order to obtain maximum tensile strength, minimum HAZ, minimum surface roughness, and minimum taper angle. The results revealed that the laser intensity, cutting speed, and assist gas pressure should be set at 2.04 W/cm2, 8 mm/s, and 4 bar, respectively, to obtain higher tensile strength and surface integrity. The results drawn from this study can be applied to improve the surface quality and mechanical properties of laser drilling of FRP materials especially in aircraft part manufacturing.
关键词： FRP,HAZ,Laser machining,Mechanical properties,Fiber-reinforced polymer composite
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO?? 2016: 35th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - San Diego, California, USA (October 16a??20, 2016)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Investigation of ablation characteristics for microrobotic materials using laser machining
摘要： Microrobotic devices have been widely investigated as promising alternatives to conventional biomedical technologies. By utilizing magnetic materials, microrobotic devices can be wirelessly manipulated by external magnetic fields without the use of additional power transfer units or batteries. Thus, the overall structures of the microrobotic devices can be effectively minimized to be applied for the human body. To manipulate the devices, various methods such as a magnetic force-based pulling method, cilia-like beating method, and helical propulsion method have been proposed. Conventional helical microrobotic devices have generally been manufactured by using three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. These technologies are useful when manufacturing spatially complex structures such as the helical structures. However, due to the limitations of the extrusion and lamination processes, microrobotic devices can be constructed with low degree of precision and can have poor surface roughness under the 3D printing technologies. This may cause undesirable damages to the human body tissues. Furthermore, 3D printing requires long processing time due to post-processing to remove unwanted body parts. To improve surface quality and shorten processing time, this research uses laser machining technology. Before directly applying to fabricate helical microrobotic devices, laser ablation characteristics on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), which is a common material used for 3D printing, are investigated.
关键词： Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS),ablation characteristics,3D printing,laser machining,microrobotic devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Monitoring of the Ceramic Kerf During the Laser Cutting Process through Piezoelectric Transducer
摘要： Advanced ceramics are widely used in industry due to their unique properties. However, the machining of ceramic components by conventional methods is difficult due to their high level of hardness and brittleness. In this sense, laser beam machining (LBM) is presented as an alternative to conventional methods, enabling the machining of workpieces through more accurate and less invasive techniques. Despite the advantages of laser machining, the process still needs to be studied in detail, as advanced ceramic machining is considered a stochastic process. Thus, real-time monitoring systems are required in order to optimize the ceramic laser machining. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for monitoring the cutting kerf in the laser cutting process of ceramic components using a low-cost piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and digital signal processing. Tests were performed on the surface of an alumina ceramic workpiece under different machining conditions. The cutting kerf was measured by a digital microscope and the raw signals from the PZT transducer were collected at a sampling rate of 2 MHz. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed in order to find a frequency band that best correlates with the process conditions. Finally, a linear regression was calculated in order to correlate the PZT signal and the measured kerf. The results showed that the piezoelectric transducer was sensitive to the acoustic activity generated during the process, allowing the real-time monitoring of the cutting kerf. Thus, the approach proposed in this paper can be used efficiently in the monitoring of the laser cutting process.
关键词： monitoring,digital signal processing,ceramic,laser machining,piezoelectric transducer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High-sensitivity strain sensor with an in-fiber air-bubble Fabry-Perot interferometer
摘要： We present a laser machining method for fabricating an all-fiber pillar-in-bubble Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), which is used for strain sensors with high sensitivity. The micro-structure of the air-bubble is fully controllable, especially the cavity length and sidewall thickness. The measured sensitivity of this strain sensor is as high as 56.69 pm/με, which is several times higher than that of most FPI strain sensors reported to date. This sensor also has a low-temperature sensitivity of 0.682 pm/°C, reducing the cross-sensitivity between tensile strain and temperature to 0.012 με/°C. Furthermore, such a sensor has the benefits of flexible design, simple fabrication, and high reproducibility, making it attractive for practical applications.
关键词： high sensitivity,fiber optic,Fabry-Perot interferometer,laser machining,strain sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evolution of microstructures on stainless steel induced by ultra-short pulsed laser ablation
摘要： Ultra-short pulsed laser ablation of stainless steel is accompanied by the evolution of different microstructures. Depending on the fluence, accumulated energy and number of laser passes cones from impurities, laser induced periodic surface structures, cone-like protrusion (CLP), and thermal bumps evolve at the surface. These often unwanted morphologies can be induced or inhibited by carefully choosing the strategy and laser parameters. The investigated range reveals a small processing window for defined 515 nm sub 1 ps ablation leading to low surface roughness using circular polarization. Hitherto, the origin and dependencies of CLP are still not well understood and for the first time a precursor ripple structure reported. These precursor ripples reveal supra-wavelength periodicity with about 2 μm spacing and evolve earliest after the second layer of ablation. Potentially, low spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structure generated with the first laser pass with pulse and hatch overlap are the root cause of CLP evolution. Moreover, the CLP growth is grain orientation and strongly polarization state dependent. Preferentially, CLP start to evolve at the {110} planes of the face-centered cubic crystals of the inspected austenitic stainless steel and linear polarized laser radiation revealing a 1:1 aspect ratio of 10 μm. A nanoindentation study at the interface near region on cross-sections reveals robust mechanical properties of this CLP structure.
关键词： Laser machining,Laser induced periodic surface structures,Ultra-short laser pulses,Orthogonal processing,Nanoindentation,Self-assembled structures,Cone-like protrusions
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of a Flexible Tunable and Compact Microstrip Antenna via Laser Assisted Patterning of Copper Film
摘要： Design and rapid prototyping of a tunable and compact industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band microstrip antenna for applications is presented in this paper. Laser machining is introduced as a fast and accurate method for the antenna fabrication. The antenna, with an overall dimension of 65 × 46 × 0.127 mm, was fabricated by sandwiching a flexible Kapton polyimide substrate, with a dielectric constant of 3.5, between two flexible copper tapes, as the radiating patch and ground plane, respectively. The radiating patch was patterned in a meander configuration, with three slots, demonstrating the capability to reduce the resonant frequency of the microstrip antenna from 2.4 GHz to 900 MHz, without increasing the overall size of the antenna (87% compact). The effect of mechanical stress on the antenna performance was investigated by performing bend and stretch tests. The antenna was subjected to compressive bend with a minimum radius of curvature of 86 mm and 150 mm along the x- axis and y- axis which resulted in a maximum increase of resonant frequency by 3.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Similarly, the antenna was subjected to tensile bend with a minimum radius of curvature of 79 mm and 162 mm along the x- axis and y- axis which resulted in a maximum decrease of the resonant frequency by 4.2% and 0.3%, respectively. An overall 0.9% decrease in the resonant frequency was measured for an applied strain of 0.09% during stretching the antenna along the y- axis.
关键词： mechanical stress,flexible Kapton substrate,Compact tunable antenna,microstrip patch antenna,laser machining
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Laser machined ultrathin microscale platinum thermometers on transparent oxide substrates
摘要： Ultrathin microscale platinum resistive thermometers are of key value to transient temperature measurements. Neither transparent oxide substrates nor femtosecond laser patterning have been investigated for the fabrication of Pt thin film thermometers. Here, we have fabricated a laser machined, 50 μm wide and 50 nm thick, serpentine, Pt thin film sensor capable of sensing temperatures up to 650 oC. It is anticipated that this sensor can be used for fast, high spatial resolution temperature probing for laser processing applications.
关键词： Platinum,temperature sensor,thin film,in-situ,laser machining
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Underwater laser micro-milling of fine-grained aluminium and the process modelling by machine learning
摘要： Nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation is often accompanied by adverse thermal effects such as oxidation, debris recast and burr formation. To reduce these effects, in this paper, the authors present the underwater laser milling process using RSA-905 fine-grained aluminium as the target material for the first time. The results show that channels up to 200 μm in width, 700 μm depth and bottom roughness around 1 μm Ra could be fabricated with reduced thermal effects. By conducting multi- and single-factor experiments, empirical models relating the laser processing parameters to the key dimensions of channels were derived using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and polynomial regression (PR), and the models’ accuracies were evaluated. Based on the models, the cross-section profile of a channel subject to a given set of processing parameters can be predicted. The process can serve as a pre-treatment technique of mechanical milling such that the tool life will be extended and the profile of a desired feature can be precisely defined.
关键词： Regression analysis,Channel fabrication,Machine learning,Underwater laser machining,Burr-free
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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B36 Laser machining of glass
摘要： We present a numerical and experimental study on the microdrilling of glass with UV laser pulses with the repetition rates from 1 kHz to 20 kHz. Pulse repetition frequency dependency on ablation threshold at the surface of the glass was discussed experimentally and numerically. It was confirmed that the pulse repetition rate influenced heat accumulation and temperature of illuminated area changed.
关键词： heat accumulation,glass,Laser machining
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A novel method for producing solid polymer microneedles using laser ablated moulds in an injection moulding process
摘要： Microneedle arrays are minimally invasive devices which offer a pain free, straightforward and efficient method for transdermal drug delivery. Manufacturing these micro-systems represents a real challenge and a mass production process with high volume outputs at low cost is lacking. In this study, we present a novel method to produce polymer microneedles using laser ablated moulds in an injection moulding process. We successfully created cone-shaped micro holes with low tip radii in a tool steel mould, using a femtosecond laser with a cross-hatching strategy. Finally, the attained mould was used in an injection moulding process to replicate polypropylene microneedles.
关键词： Injection Moulding,Microneedles,Laser machining,Micro Manufacturing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59