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CO2 laser interactions with wood tissues during single pulse laser-incision
摘要： Incising is a technique used to improve fluid flow in impermeable woods during wood treatment processes. Previous studies relating to the laser-incision of wood have neglected many aspects such as detailed analysis of the anatomy of the wood, including consideration of tangential/radial faces and earlywood/latewood interactions with the laser beam. By considering wood anatomy, a complete investigation of the CO2 laser-incision processes is presented that yields new knowledge of laser beam interaction with growth rings when incising into tangential/radial faces, and the low-density earlywood and higher density latewood within the growth ring. Southern Yellow Pine, Radiata Pine, European Redwood and Beech, each having different bulk densities, were laser-incised using a 2 kW ROFIN CO2 laser with radiation in the far-infrared regime (10.6 μm). Microstructural characterisations were carried out to better understand the effect of CO2 laser-incision and its parameters on the depth, diameter and quality of the incised holes. The laser-incised hole shapes were found to be uniform in depth, however, the hole circularity was significantly affected by the presence of earlywood and latewood tissues. Maximum and minimum diameters of incised holes were measured in the Radiata Pine (~1.3 mm) and in the Beech (~0.7 mm), respectively. Similarly, for equal laser powers used, the maximum and minimum depths of laser-incised holes were measured in the European Redwood (~33 mm) and in the Beech (~25 mm), respectively, with the laser incident on the radial face of the samples. CO2 laser pulse duration had a greater effect on diameter and depth of incised holes when compared to laser power and showed that the CO2 laser pulse duration is a dominant parameter when designing CO2 laser-incision processes.
关键词： Laser-incision,Wood,Circularity,Depth,Diameter,CO2 laser
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Efficacy and Complication of Flexible Ureteroscopic Holmium Laser Incision for Simple Renal Cysts: A Retrospective Study
摘要： Objective: The aim of this research was to verify the ef?cacy and complication of ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision for simple renal cysts (SRCs). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 116 patients who not only had done ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision or laparoscopic decortication for SRC in our institution but also had suf?cient data: preoperative information and >1-year follow-up records. The following variables were recorded: age, gender, side, cyst size, location (upper pole, lower pole, and interpolar), blood loss, operative duration, complications during and after surgery, pathology report, and presence or absence of ?ank pain. The primary endpoint was the ef?cacy of the treatment; secondary endpoints were safety, pain, and the resolution of other complications. All patients underwent radiologic imaging of the kidneys with a repeated CT, before the operation, 3 and 12 months after surgery. If there were no cysts on the most recent imaging, we de?ned it as a radiologic success. Results: No statistically signi?cant difference in the background variable in patients of group A (64 patients, ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision) and group B (52 patients, laparoscopic decortication) was found, including age, gender, cyst’s side, cyst’s location, and cyst size before the operation. There were less blood loss by surgeons’ evaluation and shorter operative duration ( p < 0.001) in group A. In group A, there were three patients who had failed in the ?rst time of operation (two patients failed to place ?exible ureteroscope through ureter because of ureteral stricture, and one patient was unable to ?nd the renal cyst in the view of ?exible ureteroscope), and no severe postoperative complication was observed. The number of postoperative radiologic failure was ?ve at 3 months and three at 12 months in group A, whereas all the procedures were completed laparoscopically, and no conversion was necessary for group B. But there was one patient who had obvious hematuresis for 1 month after the operation and then it was resolved spontaneously at 3 months. There was only one patient who had a radiologic failure in group B, with the cyst of *2 cm at 3 months, and his cyst cannot be seen in CT imaging at 12 months without further treatment. There was no statistically signi?cant difference in the rate of effective operation and complication between the two groups. Conclusion: The operation of ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision for SRC had the advantages of less blood loss, short operation time, with a similar rate of operative success and radiologic success after the operation, compared with the process of laparoscopic decortication. It was a good option for urologists to deal with endogenous renal cysts.
关键词： laparoscopic decortication,simple renal cysts,?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22