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An Eco-friendly Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester That Delivers High Output Performance is Based on Lead-Free MASnI3 Films and MASnI3-PVDF Composite Films
摘要： An environmentally-friendly lead-free methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) perovskite is successfully synthesized using a facile approach of an antisolvent-assisted collision technique under room ambient conditions, which results stability within 24 h under ambient room conditions. The phase transition of MASnI3 from tetragonal to cubic is first observed at ~ 30 °C. Polycrystalline MASnI3 films reveal a high dielectric constant of ~ 65 at 100 kHz, a low-leakage current density of 7 × 10-7 A cm-2 at 50 kV cm-1, well-developed P-E hysteresis loops, and a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 20.8 pm V-1. The MASnI3 piezoelectric energy nanogenerator (PENG) shows an output voltage of ~ 3.8 V and an output current density of 0.35 μA cm-2. To enhance the piezoelectric output performance, the MASnI3 films are composited with an environmentally friendly PVDF polymer that had a porous structure. The PVDF-MASnI3 composite based-PENG reveals a maximum output voltage of ~ 12.0 V and current density of ~ 4.0 μA cm-2. A green light-emitting diode (LED) using the PVDF-MASnI3 PENGs is instantly lighted without need of a storage device, and long-term stability of the composite PENGs is validated for 90 days. This simple and cost-effective solution process is feasible for the fabrication of large-scale, high-performance, and environmental-friendly PENGs based on lead-free organic-inorganic perovskites to extensively implicate in medical and biomechanical applications.
关键词： Dielectric property,Lead-free MASnI3,PVDF-MASnI3 composite PENGs,Piezoelectric energy,Antisolvent-assisted collision technique
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Light enhanced room temperature resistive NO2 sensor based on a gold-loaded organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite incorporating tin dioxide
摘要： A material is described for sensing NO2 in the gas phase. It has an architecture of type Au/MASnI3/SnO2 (where MA stands for methylammonium cation) and was fabricated by first synthesizing Au/MASnI3 and then crystallizing SnO2 on the surface by calcination. The physical and NO2 sensing properties of the composite were examined at room temperature without and with UV (365 nm) illumination, and the NO2-sensing mechanism was studied. The characterization demonstrated the formation of a p-n heterojunction structure between p-MASnI3 and n-SnO2. The sensor, best operated at a voltage of 1.1 V at room temperature, displays superior NO2 sensing performance. Figures of merit include (a) high response (Rg/Ra = 240 for 5 ppm NO2; where Rg stands for the resistance of a sensor in test gas, and Ra stands for the resistance of a sensor in air), (b) fast recovery (about 12 s), (c) excellent selectivity compared to sensors based on the use of SnO2 or Au/SnO2 only, both at room temperature under UV illumination; (d) a low detection limit (55 ppb), and (e) a linear response between 0.5 and 10 ppm of NO2. The enhanced sensing performance is mainly attributed to the high light absorption capacity of MASnI3, the easy generation and transfer of photo-induced electrons from MASnI3 to the conduction band of SnO2, and the catalytic effect of gold nanoparticles.
关键词： Light absorbing material,SPR effect,Photo generated electrons,Gas sensing,P-n junction,Catalytic effect,Heterojunction,SnO2,UV light,MASnI3
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Theoretical and experimental investigations on the bulk photovoltaic effect in lead-free perovskites MASnI <sub/>3</sub> and FASnI <sub/>3</sub>
摘要： Perovskite solar cells based on the lead free hybrid organic–inorganic CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3) and CH4N2SnI3 (FASnI3) perovskites were fabricated, and the photoelectric conversion e?ciency (PCE) was assessed. FASnI3's PCE was higher than MASnI3's e?ciency. To study the di?erent photovoltaic properties, we calculated their structural, electronic, and optical properties using density functional theory via the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof and spin–orbit coupling (PBE-SOC) methods. The results show that FASnI3 exhibits an appropriate band gap, substantial stability, marked optical properties, and signi?cant hole and electron conductive behavior compared with MASnI3. The interaction of organic cations (FA+) with the inorganic framework of FASnI3 was stronger than that with MASnI3, so they a?ected the band length and band angle distribution, causing the structure of the FASnI3 and MASnI3 to change. The calculations also demonstrated that energy splitting was evident in FASnI3 due to the spin–orbit coupling e?ect, however, it was moderate in MASnI3, which was caused by the H bond e?ect. This research not only furthers the understanding of these functional materials, but also can assist the development of highly e?cient and stable non-lead perovskite solar cells.
关键词： MASnI3,Perovskite solar cells,spin–orbit coupling,lead-free,density functional theory,photoelectric conversion efficiency,FASnI3
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57