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MPA-GSH functionalized AlGaN/ GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor based sensor for Cadmium ion detection
摘要： This work demonstrates a novel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based cadmium ion (Cd2+) sensor with Mercaptopropionic Acid (MPA) and Glutathione (GSH) functionalization. The sensing response of the sensor was analysed by detecting Cd2+ ions at different concentrations. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor exhibits excellent response with the sensitivity of 0.241 μA/ppb, a fast response time of ~ 3 seconds and a lower detection limit of 0.255 ppb. The observed lower detection limit is significantly lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard recommended limit for Cd2+ ions in drinking water. Furthermore, the sensor showed good selectivity of Cd2+ ions towards other heavy metal ions. The results indicate that the binding properties of GSH to Cd and the sensitivity of 2-D electron gas (2DEG) towards the variation of charges at the gate region makes the device highly sensitive with rapid detection of Cd2+ ions.
关键词： MPA,Cd2+ ions,AlGaN/GaN HEMT,sensing,GSH
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Free Space Optical Communication (System Design, Modeling, Characterization and Dealing with Turbulence) || 4. Mitigation of beam wandering due to atmospheric turbulence and prediction of control quality using intelligent decision making tools
摘要： In a Free Space Optical Link (FSOL), atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both intensity and phase of the received beam and impairs link performance. Beam motion is one of the main causes for major power loss. This chapter presents an investigation of the performance of two types of controller designed for aiming a laser beam at a particular spot under dynamic disturbances. Multiple experiment observability nonlinear input-output data mapping is used as the principal component for the controllers’ design. The first design is based on the Taguchi method while the second is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. These controllers process the beam location information from a static linear map of a 2D plane: Optoelectronic Position Detector (OPD) as observer, and then generate the necessary outputs to steer the beam with a micro-electromechanical mirror: Fast Steering Mirror (FSM). The beam centroid is computed using a Mono-Pulse Algorithm (MPA). Evidence of suitability and effectiveness of the proposed controllers are comprehensively assessed and quantitatively measured in terms of coefficients of correlation, correction speed, control exactness, centroid displacement and stability of the receiver signal through the experimental results from the FSO link setup established for the horizontal range of 0.5 km at an altitude of 15.25 m. The test field type is open flat terrain, grass and a few isolated obstacles.
关键词： atmospheric turbulence,Artificial Neural Network (ANN),Mono-Pulse Algorithm (MPA),Fast Steering Mirror (FSM),beam wandering,Taguchi method,Free Space Optical Link (FSOL),Optoelectronic Position Detector (OPD)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Coimbatore (2018.4.20-2018.4.21)] 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Inserting of Shorting Pins
摘要： This report proposes that for high bandwidth circular polarization microstrip patch antenna along with single-feed is used. On the orthogonal, diagonal of the patch radiator set of pins are placed symmetrically, shorting pins bring Shunt inductive effect. To enhance the electrical size of the patch resonator and to optimize its bandwidth and other parameters in this MPA (microstrip patch antenna) the resonating frequency of the is the progressive tune-up. The maximum disputed mode bandwidth of circular polarization investigates the optimal inserting position. A single pair of internal pins is moderately moved to neatly divide the two disputed modes to get CP radiation. LHCP (left hand circular polarization) or RHCP (right hand circular polarization) perhaps got by varying the feed position along the x and y-axis. After executing extensive analysis, simulation outcomes exhibit a good correspondence and hence prove that the bandwidth is improved from 23MHz to 46MHz, displaying 23MHz (100%) enhancement.
关键词： set of shorting pins,circular polarization,high bandwidth MPA,single probe feed
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL CONJUGATED STRUCTURAL OLIGOMER
摘要： An octupolar star-shaped ladder–type oligomer composed of electron deriving from 1,3,5-triazine core end-capped by either an electron donating carbazolemoiety(TA(TL)-Ph(3)-CBZ) have been designed and synthesized to investigate the structure-properties relationship of highly efficient multiphoton absorbing materials. The newly synthesized molecules were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Linear optical properties of the oligomer were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectrometries, as well as the nonlinear optical properties were characterized by two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) measurement.
关键词： TA(TL)-Ph (3)-CBZ,Oligomer,ter(p-phenylene),diphenylamine,MPA
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - TCM-based Miniaturization Progress of a Square Microstrip Patch Antenna
摘要： A miniaturized square microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is analyzed and designed using the theory of characteristic mode (TCM). The TCM is applied to investigate and adjust the current distribution of the lowest resonance mode that the square patch can support. Based on the current distribution of the concerned mode, the two opposite edges of the patch where the characteristic current mainly concentrates on are curved with quadratic function curves. Then stubs are periodically loaded on the curved-edges, and the current along the curved-edges occurs slight changes. At last, two apertures are etched on the patch, and more current trends to flow along the edges of the apertures. The above three approaches are examined through TCM, and all lead to reduction of resonance frequency of concerned mode. After optimizing the position of the probe-fed, a 60% miniaturization in the size of the square MPA is achieved. The TCM is expected to provide more effective guidance in antenna miniaturization design.
关键词： theory of characteristic mode (TCM),square microstrip patch antenna (MPA),miniaturization
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14