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<sup>111</sup> In-DANBIRT <i>In Vivo</i> Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis
摘要： Atherosclerosis-related morbidity and mortality remain a global concern. Atherosclerotic disease follows a slow and silent progression, and the transition from early-stage lesions to vulnerable plaques remains difficult to diagnose. Inflammation is a key component of the development of atherosclerotic plaque and consequent life-threatening complications. This study assessed 111In-DANBIRT as an in vivo, noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting an inflammatory marker, Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1), in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods. Selective binding of 111In-DANBIRT was assessed using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to filtered air and ozone (1 ppm) by inhalation for 4 hours to induce a circulating leukocytosis and neutrophilia in peripheral blood. After 24 hours, whole blood was collected and incubated with radiolabeled DANBIRT (68Ga-DANBIRT and 111In-DANBIRT). Isolated cell component smeared slides using cytospin technique were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE?/?) mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging was performed 3 hours after administration at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks of HFD diet, followed by tissue harvesting for biodistribution, serum lipid analysis, and histology. 3D autoradiography was performed in both groups 24 hours after administration of 111In-DANBIRT. Results. Increased specific uptake of radiolabeled DANBIRT by neutrophils in the ozone-exposed group was evidenced by the acute immune response due to 4-hour ozone exposure. Molecular imaging performed at 3 hours using SPECT/CT imaging evidenced an exponential longitudinal increase in 111In-DANBIRT uptake in atherosclerosis lesions in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Such results were consistent with increased immune response to vascular injury in cardiovascular and also immune tissues, correlated by 24 hours after administration of 3D autoradiography. Histologic analysis confirmed atherosclerotic disease progression with an increased vascular lesion area in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Conclusion. 111In-DANBIRT is a promising molecular imaging probe to assess inflammation in evolving atheroma and atherosclerotic plaque.
关键词： Molecular imaging,Atherosclerosis,Inflammation,SPECT/CT,111In-DANBIRT,LFA-1
更新于2025-09-08 09:54:20
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Multimodal Imaging in Lung Cancer: It Is Time to Change
摘要： The imaging techniques can be classified into two main groups: Structural/morphological imaging (SMI), which includes X rays (XR), computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds (US) as well as some varieties of magnetic resonance (MRI), and shows anatomic-morphological aspects, and molecular imaging (MI), which includes nuclear medicine (SPECT, PET), fMRI, optical and nanosystems techniques, and provides information about biochemistry/biological activity, often before structural changes. According to Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, MI “is the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems”. MI procedures are noninvasive, safe and painless. Its sensitivity is greater than SMI, but it lacks anatomical detail, which has led to the development of multimodal imaging, combining structural and molecular techniques, widely used at present in daily practice. The pillars of MI are biochemistry/biology, instrumentation and software, and its cycle is the following: study of biology/biochemistry of a process, establishment/definition of specific targets, and development of tracers, preclinical imaging, histological validation and finally clinical imaging. This new concept led to the individualized diagnostic and treatment, being the patient the center of the medical activity. “As opposed to the doctor-centric, curative model of the past, the future is going to be patient-centric and proactive” said Dr. Zerhouni (NIH Medline Plus Winter 2007). The doctor must adapt to the needs of the own patient and this fact requires a true change of heart, because MI is intimately tied to the biology of the disease to analyzing. A new and strong interrelationship came into being: a bidirectional system biology-imaging that will allow to be much more effective in the daily practice, not only in relation to diagnosis (specific and early), but also with therapy (guide cancer treatment selection and evaluate early treatment response). There is an absolute necessity to lock the two together. Likewise, in the future the biology of a disease will indicate us what is the most adequate imaging technique and vice versa. In this regard, we know that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ALK+ status is associated with distinct characteristics at CT imaging (CT radiogenomic characterization) [1], and that in lung adenocarcinomas 18F-FDG uptake values are related with expression levels of cellular Glucose Transporters and EGFR mutations. For this reason, different EGFR mutations correlate with different FDG uptake values.
关键词： Small Cell Lung Cancer,PET,Biomarkers,CT,MRI,Lung Cancer,Molecular Imaging,Multimodal Imaging,Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,Structural/Morphological Imaging
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Advances in molecular imaging of immune checkpoint targets in malignancies: current and future prospect
摘要： Objectives This review describes the current status and progress of immune checkpoint targets for imaging of malignancies. Immune checkpoint blockade holds great potential for cancer treatment, and clinical implementation into routine is very rapidly progressing. Therefore, it is an urgent need to become familiar with the vocabulary of immunotherapy and with the evaluation of immune checkpoint and related treatments through noninvasive molecular imaging. Currently, immune target-associated imaging mainly includes PET, SPECT, optical imaging, and MRI. Each imaging method has its own inherent strengths and weaknesses in reflecting tumor morphology and physiology. PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 are the most commonly considered targets. In this review, the current status and progress of molecular imaging of immune checkpoint targets are discussed. Conclusion Molecular imaging is likely to become a major tool for monitoring immunotherapy. It can help in selecting patients who are suitable for immunotherapy, and also monitor the tumor response.
关键词： Cancer,Immune checkpoint target,Molecular imaging,Immunotherapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14