- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Nanocomposite as Photoanode
摘要： Over the past few decades, energy is the backbone of technology and economic development. In addition to man, machine, and money, energy is now fourth factor of production. Without energy, no machine will run, electricity is needed for everything. Hence, our energy requirements have increased dramatically in the years following the industrial revolution. Readily accessible fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oils, are the major energy sources used to meet our current need. However, these sources are nonrenewable and have led to serious environmental issues, global warming, and air pollution, and their increasing consumption rate has accelerated fossil fuel depletion; the search for alternative energy source has become vital.
关键词： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,Photoanode,Renewable Energy,Nanocomposite,Carbon Nanotubes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Graphene‐Based Nanocomposite as Photoanode
摘要： This chapter highlighted the research on the use of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposite materials in the photoanode of DSSCs. Graphene-based materials, such as pristine graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots possess attractive properties for various components of DSSC photoanode. The graphene-based nanocomposite materials showed different functionalities such as electron conducting layer, transparent conducting electrode, and sensitizer in the DSSC photoanode. When combined with other nanomaterials of metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides, etc., to form a nanocomposite due to synergetic effects few interesting properties are also emerged which enhanced the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs. From the above discussion, it is clear that graphene and its nanocomposites have the properties that are well suited for the purpose of making high-performance photoanode for DSSC. But, there is still lake of extensive studies on the graphene-based nanocomposite materials in the DSSC photoanode as compared to the applications toward counter electrode. Hence, an in-depth research on modification of DSSC photoanode employing graphenebased materials needs to be carried out. Particularly, the synthesis protocols for graphene-based materials with tunable morphology and adjustable properties and their better incorporation into other components to enhance the photoanode performance. On the other hand, loading of graphene-based material on to the host also greatly influence the performance of the cells, hence meticulous calculation on the amount of materials and characterization of their physical and chemical properties can play important roles in solving many issues limiting the performance of DSSC photoanodes. When graphene is used as a transparent conducting electrode, the major issue is to maintain the transparency. The unsatisfactory transparency is caused by multiple-layer graphene stacking and the high sheet resistance due to surface defects and oxidization. Better processing procedures are necessary to overcome these problems and enhance the chance for graphene to be used as feasible alternatives to TCOs in the DSSC photoanode. The strength and flexibility of graphene outperforms other flexible candidates. Further modification of graphene nanosheets may create a new generation of flexible electrodes. Considerable progress has been made on the preparation of graphene transparent conducting electrodes at the laboratory level; however, it remains a challenge to cost-effectively produce high-quality graphene on an industrial scale for the practical use of graphene in transparent conducting electrodes.
关键词： photoanode,photovoltaic,nanocomposite,graphene,DSSC
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Plasmonic Nanocomposite as Photoanode
摘要： Semiconductor oxides used in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) include TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and Nb2O5 and the lists go on, which serve as the carrier for the monolayers of the sensitizer using their large surface and electron transfer to the conducting substrate. Nanocrystalline semiconductor films adsorb a large amount of the dye molecules and increase the harvesting efficiency of the solar energy. However, the major drawback associated with the use of large surface area TiO2 is its random electron transport, which will cause the electron–hole recombination process and hence affect the overall device performance [1, 2]. To overcome this problem, designing a photoanode with an efficient transport pathway from the photoinjected carriers to the current collector seems to be a possible alternative to enhance the performance of DSSCs. With this aim, surface modification with metal, doping, semiconductor coupling, and hybridizing with carbon material have been attempted [3–6]. Modification of metal oxide with plasmonic particles such as gold (Au) [7–9] and silver (Ag) [10, 11] were reported actively in the DSSC application to prevent the recombination of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs and improve the charge transfer efficiency.
关键词： photoanode,TiO2,ZnO,Au,Ag,dye-sensitized solar cells,Plasmonic nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Low Energy Pulsed Laser Excitation in UV Enhances the Gas Sensing Capacity of Photoluminescent ZnO Nanohybrids
摘要： Nanohybrids, composed of luminescent zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles dispersed in an inert polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, exhibit an excellent ability to follow changes in the type and composition of their surrounding atmosphere. These changes are found to affect the UV photoluminescence (PL) emission of the ZnO-PDMS hybrids measured at room temperature. The influence of irradiation parameters, such as excitation intensity and wavelength, on the response of the ZnO-PDMS sensor against ethanol and oxygen, have been systematically investigated in a comparative study performed employing pulsed excitation at 248 and 355 nm. This study represents the first demonstration that the sensing performance of the PL-based ZnO sensors can be optimized by tuning the excitation parameters and it particularly illustrates that maintaining a low pump energy density is crucial for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor achieving response values approaching 100%.
关键词： ZnO photoluminescence,ethanol sensing,optical sensor,ZnO nanoparticles,gas sensing,oxygen sensing,ZnO-PDMS nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The detailed biological investigations about combined effects of novel polyphenolic and photo-plasmonic nanoparticles loaded graphene nanosheets on coronary endothelial cells and isolated rat aortic rings
摘要： In this study, the effect of Polyp-Au-GO nanocomposite on VSMC proliferation, cell cycle proteins, down-regulation of mRNA in the rat was tested. Briefly, Polyp-Au-GO composite material was synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Polyp-Au-GO composite exhibited the absorbance peak at 530nm. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline particle with size ranging between 16.5-32.6 nm. The crystallinity differences of the nanocomposite were examined by Raman spectroscopy analysis. The presence of a strong band (1500 cm-1) and the absence of other lower frequency bands confirmed that the absence of crystallinity of Polyp-Au-GO nanocomposite. The thermal properties of Polyp-Au-GO nanocomposite were determined by TGA analysis. The results revealed that 15% of its weight loss has occurred at 300 °C. Further, the growth of VSMCs was inhibited by the treatment of Polyp-Au-GO composite at 72 h. The IC50 value was registered at 0.57 μg/mL. Additionally, the Polyp-Au-GO composite arrest G1 cell cycle and down-regulated cell cycle proteins. These Polyp-Au-GO composite inhibited of CEC proliferation. These results suggest that Polyp-Au-GO composite inhibits VSMC proliferation and TNF-R-mediated inflammatory responses. This Polyp-Au-GO composite also reduced the extracellular ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Polyp-Au-GO composite inhibited TNF-R-evoked inflammatory responses. Moreover, Polyp-Au-GO composite inhibited TNF-R-evoked inflammatory responses. This study suggested the therapeutic role of Polyp-Au-GO composite in cardiovascular disease.
关键词： inflammation,cardiac disease,vascular smooth cells,Nanocomposite,biomedical
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Integration of Hybrid Plasmonic Au-BaTiO <sub/>3</sub> Metamaterial on Silicon Substrates
摘要： Silicon integration of nanoscale metamaterials is a crucial step toward low-cost and scalable optical-based integrated circuits. Here, a self-assembled epitaxial Au-BaTiO3 (Au-BTO) hybrid metamaterial with highly anisotropic optical properties has been demonstrated on Si substrates. A thin buffer layer stack (<20 nm) of TiN and SrTiO3 (STO) was applied on Si substrates to ensure the epitaxial growth of the Au-BTO hybrid films. Detailed phase composition and microstructural analyses show excellent crystallinity and epitaxial quality of the Au-BTO films. By varying the film growth condition, the density and dimension of the Au nanopillars can be tuned effectively, which leads to highly tailorable optical properties including tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak and hyperbolic dispersion shift in the visible and near-infrared regime. The work highlights the feasibility of integrating epitaxial hybrid oxide-metal plasmonic metamaterials on Si towards future complex Si-based integrated photonics.
关键词： silicon integration,hyperbolic dispersion,localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR),oxide-metal nanocomposite,Hybrid plasmonic metamaterials
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Heat accumulation effects in laser processing of diamond-like nanocomposite films with bursts of femtosecond pulses
摘要： In this paper, we have investigated the burst mode (BM) ablation and surface structuring of diamondlike nanocomposite (DLN) a-C:H:Si:O films with femtosecond laser pulses (wavelength λ = 515 nm, pulse duration τ = 320 fs, and pulse repetition rate f = 100 kHz) under different scanning conditions (single spots and linear structures). The pulse separation in the bursts is 25 ns (intraburst frequency f = 40 MHz), and the pulse number is varied from 1 to 8. The ablation depth and specific ablation rates (μm3/μJ) are found to be higher for the burst mode compared to single-pulse irradiation, increasing with the pulse number in the burst. The obtained experimental data of the higher ablation efficiency are shown to correlate with computer simulations of the BM ablation. In correlation with the ablation findings, Raman spectra of single spots and microgrooves have evidenced a growing graphitization of the amorphous film structure with the pulse number in the bursts (at an equal energy deposited into the films). Contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is applied to reveal an influence of the BM processing on the surface properties (nanoscale relief, friction) of laser-structured films. Based on the ablation and Raman data analysis, AFM examination of ablated/redeposited layers, and computer simulations of the burst mode ablation, the heat accumulation is identified as the main factor responsible for the enhanced ablation efficiency during the BM processing of DLN films. In addition, results of the high precision surface microstructuring of DLN films in the burst mode are presented.
关键词： heat accumulation,diamondlike nanocomposite films,surface structuring,femtosecond laser pulses,burst mode ablation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Conducting polyaniline decorated in-situ poled Ferrite nanorod-PVDF based nanocomposite as piezoelectric energy harvester
摘要： PVDF-metal oxide based piezo-nanocomposite is an promising substitute of flexible nanogenerator. Herein, a ternary nanocomposite system Zinc Ferrite nanorod/ Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF)/ Polyaniline (PANI) nanochains was presented as alternative energy harvesting material. The inherent problem of low short-circuit current and high internal resistance of the nanocomposite was minimised by introducing a third phase cost-effective conducting supplementary filler, PANI nanochain.PANI assist to overcome the local dielectric dissimilarity by easy formation of conduction pathways via decolalization of π-electrons present in the benzene ring and reduce the internal resistance of composite. Besides, it serves the role of dispersing agent by floating nanofillers throughout the volume and improves the homogeneity of filler distribution. Additionally, PANI reinforces composite with respect to stress accumulation and modulates the release behaviour by entangling with nanofillers by means of Vander Waals force and helps to stabilize the polar PVDF. This lead to an improvement in electro-mechanical response and piezo-response behaviour of nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibits a ~42 V ac open circuit voltage and short-circuit current density ～0.85 μA/cm2with an overall increase in power density 35% compare to its binary metal-oxide/PVDF nanocomposite counterpart in response to single finger tapping and releasing. The generated power was utilizedto illuminate twenty six number of red LEDs without any external energy storage unit. Also, the nanocomposite could charge up acommercial capacitor (10μF) within 115 s which can be used for alternative powersouce in self-powered devices and sensors.
关键词： PANI,capacitor charging,short-circuit current,PVDF-metal oxide based nanocomposite,conduction pathway,alternative energy harvesting
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Controlled Synthesis of Ni‐doped MoS2 Hybrid Electrode for Synergistically Enhanced Water‐Splitting Process
摘要： The development of high-efficiency, low cost, and earth abundant electrocatalysts for overall water splitting remains challengeable. In this work, we present the nickel (Ni) modified MoS2 hybrid catalysts grown on carbon cloth (Ni-Mo-S@CC) through a one-step hydrothermal treatment. The optimized Ni-Mo-S@CC catalyst shows excellent HER activity with low overpotentials of 168 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm?2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is lower than those of Ni-Mo-S@CC (1:1), Ni-Mo-S@CC (3:1) and pure MoS2. Significantly, the Ni-Mo-S@CC hybrid catalyst also displays outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm?2, and the remarkable long-term stability for 30 hours at a constant current density of 10 mA cm-2. Experimental and theoretical analysis based on density functional theory demonstrate that the excellent electrocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to remarkable conductivity, abundant active sites and synergistic effect of Ni-doped MoS2. This work sheds light on a unique strategy to design high performance and stable electrocatalysts for water splitting electrolyzers.
关键词： MoS2,nanocomposite,electrocatalysis,doping,water splitting
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis of Polyvinyl Acetate /Graphene Nanocomposite and its Application as an Electrolyte in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Liquid based electrolytes used in dye synthesized solar cells (DSSCs) have stability issues due to leakage and volatilization of organic solvents. To overcome this problem, many researchers focused on alternatives such as solid and gel based electrolytes. However, due to less ionic conductivity, gel based electrolytes are less efficient as compared to liquid electrolytes. In this work, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)/graphene nanocomposite based gel electrolyte is synthesized for the first time using in-situ polymerization technique to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell. The prepared nanocomposite is characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and solar simulator techniques. The results of the I-V curve revealed the increased photocurrent density (JSC) of the prepared nanocomposite based gel electrolyte as compared to its counterpart. The values for short circuit photocurrent density (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of the nanocomposite based gel electrolyte are 6.62 mA cm-2, 0.64 V and 43% respectively, yielding an overall photovoltaic conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 4.57 %, which is more than the efficiency (?? = 4.35 %) of referenced PVAc gel electrolyte based DSSC and comparable to the efficiency (?? = 4.75 %) of liquid electrolyte based DSSC. Finally, Electron impedance spectroscopic studies have been conducted to understand the electron transfer kinetics.
关键词： nanocomposite,polymer electrolyte,Graphene,Charge transfer,DSSC
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04