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Experimental performance of an ultra-low-cost solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector using aluminum minichannels and nonimaging optics
摘要： Electricity, space heating, and hot water are ubiquitous needs among modern buildings. Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) technologies are well suited to provide all of these in a distributed and renewable manner, however, the high cost of current PVT technologies remains a major barrier to implementation as the technology competes for roof space with low cost standalone PV modules. In an effort to reduce costs, a new type of solar PVT collector has been developed which replaces the traditional packaging materials with a low cost nonimaging optic and replaces sheet-and-tube heat exchange materials with a low cost and thermally efficient aluminum minichannel. A 1.2 m2 aperture prototype built using silicon SunPower solar cells has demonstrated 57.4% thermal efficiency and 12.3% electric efficiency at ambient temperature and a maximum (stagnation) temperature around 80 °C. Extrapolating this performance shows the PVT collector will to generate 226 kW-hours (kWh) of electricity and 603 kWh of heat per square meter each year for a solar resource of 5.5 kWh/m2/day, and by doing so avoid 1280 kWh of natural gas consumption and 183.8 kg of CO2 emissions. Technical performance is comparable with commercial PVT systems today, but with a much lower estimated module cost of $81/m2 ($0.54/WDC). A side-by-side analysis indicates the PVT collector can be installed for 85% of the capital cost of side-by-side PV + T with only 70% of the required roof space.
关键词： Hybrid,PVT,Solar,Thermal,Minichannel,Photovoltaic,Nonimaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design method of a compact static nonimaging concentrator for portable photovoltaics using parameterisation and numerical optimisation
摘要： Portable solar chargers are one of the technologies that can help to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. However, the large number of solar photovoltaic devices required and their short life-span make achieving this goal a resource and energy intensive process. To reduce the embodied energy, the embodied carbon and the human and eco-toxicity potential of portable solar chargers, solar photovoltaic concentrators can be used. This paper proposes a new nonimaging solar photovoltaic concentrator design which has material efficiency, portability and off-grid use as its main feature. The main contribution of this paper is the design method of the new 3D nonimaging concentrator containing the parametric equation of the concentrator surfaces and the numeric optimisation of the design parameters. The developed optimisation program is based on genetic algorithms which parameters were determined experimentally in this paper. The concentrator design achieved with this method is 43% less material intensive than the most compact nonimaging solar concentrator available in literature. This design approach can be used to find concentrator designs with specific volumes, heights, concentration ratios, acceptance angles and optical efficiency. It is therefore a step towards more material efficient and more sustainable nonimaging concentrators as well as more sustainable portable solar photovoltaic systems.
关键词： Nonimaging concentrator,Numerical optimization,Portable solar,Sustainable solar photovoltaics,CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Concentrating Collectors
摘要： For many applications it is desirable to deliver energy at temperatures higher than those possible with flat-plate collectors. Energy delivery temperatures can be increased by decreasing the area from which heat losses occur. This is done by interposing an optical device between the source of radiation and the energy-absorbing surface. The small absorber will have smaller heat losses compared to a flat-plate collector at the same absorber temperature. In this chapter we discuss two related approaches: the use of nonimaging concentrators and the use of imaging concentrators.
关键词： Solar Radiation,Concentrating Collectors,Nonimaging Concentrators,Energy Delivery,Imaging Concentrators
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52