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Building Intermixed Donor-Acceptor Architectures for Water-Processable Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： A modified synthesis method for aqueous nanoparticle printing inks, based upon vacuum-assisted solvent removal, is reported. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) : phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester nanoparticle inks were prepared via this modified miniemulsion method; leading to both an improvement in photoactive layer morphology and a substantial reduction in the ink fabrication time. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements revealed a nanoparticle morphology comprised of highly intermixed donor-acceptor domains. Consistent with these measurements, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the nanoparticles showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 104 °C, rather than a pure polymer phase or pure fullerene phase Tg. Together the spectroscopy, microscopy and thermomechanical data indicate that rapid solvent removal generates a more blended nanoparticle morphology. As such, this study highlights a new experimental lever for optimising nanostructure in the photoactive layer of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices by enabling highly intermixed donor-acceptor architectures to be built from customised nanoparticulate inks.
关键词： organic photovoltaic,scanning transmission X-ray microscopy,morphology,colloidal inks,exciton dissociation,Nanostructure,eco-friendly processing
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Stabilizing silver window electrodes for organic photovoltaics using a mercaptosilane monolayer
摘要： A single layer of the bifunctional molecule 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is shown to be remarkably effective at improving the stability of optically thin silver film electrodes towards spontaneous morphological change and oxidation by airborne sulfur. Inclusion of this layer in the novel transparent electrode; WO3 (30 nm) / silver (13 nm) / sol-gel ZnO (27 nm), at the silver / ZnO interface improves the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices using this electrode by 20%, such that the power conversion efficiency is very close to that achievable using a conventional indium-tin oxide glass electrode; 9.6 % – 0.2 % vs 10.0 % – 0.3 %, with the advantage that the silver electrode has a sheet resistance one third that of the ITO glass ((cid:3)4 Ohms sq-1). The mercaptosilane monolayer is also shown to retard silver diffusion into the ZnO layer whilst imparting a favorable (cid:3)400 meV reduction in electrode work function. In addition to its utility inside the device, this molecular layer is shown to be useful for improving the stability of the silver film electrodes in top-illuminated semi-transparent photovoltaics, since it can be deposited directly onto a completed device from the vapor phase.
关键词： organic photovoltaic,silane,transparent electrode,silver electrode,3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane,Monolayer,work function,organic solar cell
更新于2025-11-03 10:59:25
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Editorial: Window Electrodes for Emerging Thin Film Photovoltaics
摘要： Photovoltaics (PVs) fabricated by printing at low temperature onto ?exible substrates are attractive for a broad range of applications in buildings and transportation, where ?exibility, color-tuneability, and light-weight are essential requirements. Two emerging PV technologies on the cusp of commercialization are organic PVs and perovskite PVs. CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si solar cells also have potential applications in ?exible PVs. It is widely recognized that these classes of PV will only ful?ll their full cost advantage and functional advantages over conventional thin ?lm PVs if a suitable transparent, ?exible electrode is forthcoming (Lu et al., 2018). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most popular transparent conductor material for opto-electronics including solar cells and displays. However, the fragile ceramic nature makes ITO unsuitable for future electronics such as ?exible, stretchable, and wearable electronics because it will easily develop cracks under mechanical deformation. Instead, optically thin ?lm or metallic nanowire networks (Sannicolo et al., 2016) of the most electrically conductive metals copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) have shown promising potential, in spite of the oxidation and parasitic absorption problem of Cu and the high material cost problem of Ag and Au. Whilst the chemical, thermal, and electrical stability of transparent electrodes based on these metals presents challenges, it has been shown that thin coating layers can be very e?cient in preserving their integrity and properties (Celle et al., 2018). Additionally, low-temperature, high-throughput deposition techniques, such as spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) (Mu?oz-Rojas and MacManus-Driscoll, 2014; Khan et al., 2018), can be used to deposit these protective layers.
关键词： solar cell,photovoltaic,transparent electrode,perovskite solar cell,organic photovoltaic,metal ?lm,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Understanding the effect of solvent additive in polymeric thin film: turning a bilayer in a bulk heterojunction like photovoltaic device
摘要： Here we report the effect of an additive solvent, the 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) on the performance of a bilayer organic photovoltaic (OPV) device which active layer comprises the poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2 ethylhexyl)-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) as the electron donor material and C60 as the electron acceptor material. We observed that when the donor layer was treated with 1% of DIO the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device increase 138.4% in relation to the device with a non-treated donor layer and 21.3% in relation to the device containing a donor layer submitted to a thermal annealed. The main effects that lead to this increase in PCE are the large interfacial area between donor and acceptor materials and the improved conductivity at low voltages. The increase in polymer surface roughness leads to a more effective PSiF-DBT/C60 interface for exciton dissociation. This effect, as well as the increase in the conductivity, raised the short circuit current density (JSC) to 13.89 mA/cm2 and PCE to 4.84%. Our conclusions are supported by morphological analysis, chemical cross-sectional evaluations with advanced microscopy techniques, charge mobility measurements as well as by theoretical simulations of the devices in which the changes on the donor/acceptor interfacial area were considered. The outcomes suggest that, solvent additives could be an alternative treatment to replace the thermal annealing which imposes further difficulties to perform the lab-to-manufacturing upscaling.
关键词： solvent additive,PSiF-DBT,exciton dissociation,1,8-diiodooctane,C60,organic photovoltaic,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency
摘要： Optimizing the molecular structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials is one of the most effective methods to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). For an excellent molecular system with a certain conjugated skeleton, fine tuning the alky chains is of considerable significance to fully explore its photovoltaic potential. In this work, the optimization of alkyl chains is performed on a chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) named BTP-4Cl-BO (a Y6 derivative) and very impressive photovoltaic parameters in OPV cells are obtained. To get more ordered intermolecular packing, the n-undecyl is shortened at the edge of BTP-eC11 to n-nonyl and n-heptyl. As a result, the NFAs of BTP-eC9 and BTP-eC7 are synthesized. The BTP-eC7 shows relatively poor solubility and thus limits its application in device fabrication. Fortunately, the BTP-eC9 possesses good solubility and, at the same time, enhanced electron transport property than BTP-eC11. Significantly, due to the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor, the BTP-eC9-based single-junction OPV cells record a maximum PCE of 17.8% and get a certified value of 17.3%. These results demonstrate that minimizing the alkyl chains to get suitable solubility and enhanced intermolecular packing has a great potential in further improving its photovoltaic performance.
关键词： nonfullerene acceptors,organic photovoltaic cells,molecular modification,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structure-Property Correlation Study for Organic Photovoltaic Polymer Materials Using Data Science Approach
摘要： A study workflow that utilizes several data science methods to apply on polymer materials databases is introduced to reveal correlations among their properties, structural information, or molecular descriptors. The data science methods used in this pipeline include unsupervised machine learning (ML) method self-organizing mapping (SOM) and polymer molecular descriptor generator, both of which have been tailored to fit the polymer materials study. To demonstrate how this pipeline can be applied in this context, we used it on an organic photovoltaic (OPV) donor polymer database to investigate which properties or structural factors positively correlate with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPV materials. This led us to discover that among the studied 8 properties and 11 molecular descriptors, only the photon energy loss (Eloss) and the number of fluorine atoms (nF) show strong positive correlations with PCE values, which is consistent with other verified studies. We also discovered that research trends can also be statistically visualized using our method. In our case study, we found that most of the studied OPV donor materials in the database have branched side chains and typically 7 to 12 non-Hydrogen atoms, and high PCE materials usually have 6 to 9 aromatics rings as well. These results proved that the data science pipeline proposed in this study provides a fast and effective way to obtain research insights for polymer materials.
关键词： self-organizing mapping,data science,molecular descriptors,polymer materials,organic photovoltaic,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A focus on charge carrier recombination and energy conversion efficiency in nanohybrid photovoltaics
摘要： We investigated the effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes grafted with poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (CNT-graft-PDDT) on the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaic cells. It is demonstrated that the presence of small amounts of these modified CNTs improves the structural organization of the films as evidenced by the grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy revealed that the incorporation of CNT-graft-PDDT changes the absorption intensity and induces a redshift to characteristic peaks. CNT hybrid features have appeared on the surface morphology as verified by atomic force microscopic images. The concentration of additive was optimized at 0.5 wt% to obtain the highest efficiency. Doping with this concentration of CNT-graft-PDDT led to 380% power conversion efficiency improvement by enhancement of short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 5.12 to 11.98 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.6 to 0.66 V, and fill factor from 0.41 to 0.62 in comparison with a reference cell. The photophysics of hybrid systems were also studied by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as well as Voc and Jsc dependent on the light intensity.
关键词： Organic photovoltaic cells,Charge carrier recombination,Energy conversion,CNT-graft-PDDT
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cathode Interface Engineering Approach for a Comprehensive Study of the Indoor Performance Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaic
摘要： Organic photovoltaic (OPV) has a prospective future as a reliable energy harvesting to drive low power consumption devices for indoor applications. In this article, the outdoor (1 sun) and indoor (LED 2700K) performance of PTB7-Th:PC70BM inverted OPV with three different solution-processed electron transport layers (ETL = PFN, TiOx, and ZnO) were compared. The morphology, optical, and electrical measurements indicate the strong dependency of the OPV performance with the illumination conditions. The sample with PFN-ETL that shows the highest outdoor performance with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.55% and the best-reported fill factor (FF) of 75.00% among PTB7-Th:PC70BM-based OPV, surprisingly exhibits the lowest performance when illuminated under 250–2000 lux LED 2700K. Meanwhile, the lowest outdoor performance performed by ZnO with PCE of 10.03% displays the best indoor performance with the PCE of 13.94% under 1000 lux and a PCE of up to 16.49% under 1750 lux LED lamp, respectively. The changes in the FF values can be estimated by incorporating the parasitic resistance effect due to the type ETL used. Besides, using impedance spectroscopy, we observed that indoor performance agreed well with the trend of charge collection efficiency.
关键词： impedance spectroscopy,Organic photovoltaic,electron transport layers,PTB7-Th:PC70BM,indoor performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Role of Morphology of Surfactant-Free Nanoparticles in Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： Nanoparticulate (NP) ?lms and organic photovoltaic devices have been fabricated from poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) NP aqueous dispersions prepared by the precipitation method. The NP inks were stable for more than 4 days, and nanoparticle organic photovoltaic (NP-OPV) devices with ef?ciency (g) of 1% were fabricated. Detailed analysis of the morphology and performance of the precipitated NP-OPV devices indicated that an optimal blend is responsible for the photocurrent and ef?ciency observed. These results were con?rmed by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis, which revealed that the precipitated NPs were resistant to thermal phase segregation, allowing thermal conditioning of the NP ?lms. These results show that precipitated NPs provide a pathway to thermally stable NP-OPV devices with higher photocurrents and ef?ciencies, approaching those of optimal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPV devices.
关键词： ink stability,Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV),nanoparticle (NP),nanoparticle morphology,precipitation,surfactant-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tuning the hybridization of local exciton and chargea??transfer states in highly efficient organic photovoltaic cells
摘要： Decreasing the energy loss is one of the most feasible ways to improve the efficiencies of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Recent studies have suggested that non-radiative energy loss (ΔEnr) is the dominant factor that hinders further improvements in state-of-the-art OPV cells. However, there is no rational molecular design strategy for OPV materials with suppressed ΔEnr. In this work, taking molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as a quantitative parameter, we establish a general relationship between chemical structure and intermolecular interactions. The results reveal that increasing the ESP difference between donor and acceptor will enhance the intermolecular interaction. In the OPV cells, the enhanced intermolecular interaction will increase the charge transfer (CT) state ratio in its hybridization with local exciton to facilitate the charge generation but simultaneously result in a larger ΔEnr. These results suggest that finely tuning the ESP of OPV materials is a feasible method to further improve the efficiencies of OPV cells.
关键词： hybridization,charge transfer state,intermolecular interaction,organic photovoltaic cells,non-radiative energy loss
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57