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Synthesis and characterization of novel benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimide acceptors: Regulate photovoltaic performance via structural isomerism
摘要： Two isomeric benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimides, BPDI-1 and BPDI-2, are designed and synthesized via photo-induced ring-closure reaction between perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor and both isomeric benzodithiophene donor cores, including benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (BDP) and benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (BdT). The effect of structural isomerism on the molecular geometry, absorption, energy level, film morphology as well as photovoltaic performance is comparatively studied. It is found that the variation of the S atom substituted position in the donor cores results in distinct molecular geometries for the newly-developed BPDI-1 and BPDI-2 acceptors. Compared with BDP-containing BPDI-1, the incorporation of BdT core endows BPDI-2 with a remarkably enhanced backbone distortion. When blended with the commercially available polymer donor (PTB7-Th), such twisted structure feature for the BPDI-2 acceptor plays a key role in reducing molecule aggregation, which is helpful for the enhancements of short-circuit current density and photovoltaic efficiency effectively. As a result, non-fullerene solar cells fabricated from BPDI-2 acceptor achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency (4.44%) than that of BPDI-1 (2.98%), mainly benefited from superior short-circuit current density. This work provides us comparative understanding of isomeric geometry and device performance.
关键词： Benzodithiophene,Molecular geometry,Non-fullerene organic solar cells,Perylene diimide derivatives
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Preparation of hierarchical flower-like nickel sulfide as hole transporting material for organic solar cells via a one-step solvothermal method
摘要： In this work, nickel sulfide (NiS) with a mesoporous network was prepared through a simple solvothermal approach. The influences of various contents of the sulfur source on the morphological changes were examined. Finally, the resultant NiS doped with various contents of sulfur were used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) for the application to organic solar cells (OSCs). Based on our knowledge of the implementation of OSCs, NiS-based HTLs are used for the first time in this paper. The OSCs developed with NiS_2.0 (NiS doped with 2.0 g of thioacetamide (sulfur source)) HTL showed a higher PCE response, at 2.28% than those fabricated with NiS_1.0 (NiS doped with 1.0 g of thioacetamide), NiS_1.5, (NiS doped with 1.5 g of thioacetamide), and NiS_2.5 (NiS doped with 2.5 g of thioacetamide), which only showed 1.38%, 1.88%, and 1.96%, respectively. Besides this improved photovoltaic response, it also demonstrated a superior reproducibility with a high degree of control over the environmental stability, i.e., 360 h, as compared to the bare PEDOT:PSS HTL-based OSCs, which showed just 240 h.
关键词： Stability,Reproducibility,Synthesis,Hole transport layer,Organic solar cells,Hierarchical flower-like nickel sulfide
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Study of the photoresponse of a titanium anode coated with solution-processed fullerene-containing metal porphyrin/phthalocyanine films
摘要： The present paper deals with the recent studies on the preparation of porphyrin-based donor-acceptor complexes capable of photoinduced electron transfer for solution-processed organic solar cells. Here the synthesis and chemical structure of (octakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyaninato) cobalt(II) (1) and (2,3,7,8,12,18-hexamethyl,13,17-diethyl,5-(2-pyridyl)porphinato) manganese(III) chloride (2) are performed and self-assembly in toluene solution of 1 and 1′-N-methyl-2′-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrrolidino[3′,4′:1,2][60]fullerene (PyC60) were discussed in more details. The structure of the obtained dyad 1-PyC60 is con?rmed by means of chemical thermodynamics/kinetics, UV–vis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical studies of the phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad and its precursors were carried out by voltammetry and amperometry methods. A comparative analysis of the photoelectrochemical characteristics obtained in this paper and these for recent described cobalt(II)/manganese(III) porphyrin/phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads are introduced from which ideas for the future design of high performance organic solar cells will be developed.
关键词： donor-acceptor complexes,organic solar cells,phthalocyanine,photoinduced electron transfer,fullerene,porphyrin
更新于2025-11-14 15:14:40
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTOELECTRONIC AND NANO MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (icONMAT 2019) - Kerala, India (3–5 January 2019)] - Effect of substrate temperature on spray coated PEDOT:PSS thin film morphology for organic solar cell
摘要： The effect of substrate temperature on the spray coated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) is explored in terms of morphological, electrical and photovoltaic characterization. The substrate temperature is varied in three steps 100, 150 and 200°C during the spray deposition of PEDOT: PSS thin film layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images reveal that for the substrate temperatures of 100°C and 150°C, the morphology of PEDOT: PSS layer is improved and further increasing the temperature to 200°C, voids and cracks are formed in the films. These voids and cracks influence the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS layer which reduces from 4.7 for 150°C to 3.9 S/cm for 200°C. Organic solar cells (OSCs) using PTB7:PC71BM absorber layer on the spray coated PEDOT:PSS HTL show an efficiency increase from 2.34 for 100°C to 2.88% for 150°C and then decrease to 1.88% for 200°C.
关键词： substrate temperature,spray coating,PEDOT:PSS,morphology,organic solar cells
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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On the homogeneity of the external quantum efficiency in a free OPV roll-to-roll flexible solar module
摘要： We present a microscopic characterization of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) module demonstrator, fabricated within the “freeOPV” project. The local properties of the module are discussed on di?erent length scales, from the submicrometric to the centimeters one, inferring the module structure and the origin of the di?erent contributions to the optical and photoelectrical spatial inhomogeneity. We show that the local external quantum e?ciency (EQE) in the individual cells of the module exhibits typical variations within 6–8% of the peak value over about 0.4 mm2. Larger variations are observed when comparing di?erent cells across the module surface, with di?erences in the EQE peak values up to 1.6 times. Our results suggest that the roll-to-roll OPV module performance can be further improved by optimizing the printing uniformity as well as the charge extraction e?ciency of electrodes.
关键词： Confocal spectroscopy,Organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An Effective Method for Recovering Nonradiative Recombination Loss in Scalable Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Regarded as a critical step in commercial applications, scalable printing technology has become a research frontier in the field of organic solar cells. However, inevitable efficiency loss always occurs in the lab-to-manufacturing translation due to the different fabrication processes. In fact, the decline of photovoltaic performance is mainly related to voltage loss, which is mainly affected by the diversity of phase separation morphology and the chemical structures of photoactive materials. Fullerene derivative indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) is introduced into a PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F system to control the active layer morphology during blade-coating process. Accordingly, as a symmetrical fullerene derivative, ICBA can regulate the crystallization tendency and molecular packing orientation and suppress charge carrier recombination. This ternary strategy overcomes the morphology issues caused by weaker shear impulse in blade-coating process. Benefiting from the reduced nonradiative recombination loss, 1.05 cm2 devices are fabricated by blade coating with a power conversion efficiency of 13.70%. This approach provides an effective support for recovering the voltage loss during scalable printing approaches.
关键词： nonradiative recombination loss,organic solar cells,large-area solar cells,blade coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Readily Accessible Benzo[d]thiazole Polymers for Nonfullerene Solar Cells with >16% Efficiency and Potential Pitfalls
摘要： Here we report facile, high-yield synthetic access to the difluoro BTA building block, 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-hexyl-decyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(pentadecan-7-yl)-benzo[d]thiazole (BTAT-2f) for use in Donor (D)-Acceptor 1(A1)-D-Acceptor 2(A2) polymers [D = bithiophene, A1 = BTA-2f, A2 = benzothiadiazole (BT) derivative] for organic solar cells (OSCs). Fine tuning of polymer optical and electronic properties is achieved by incrementally varying the A2 fluorination level. Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) PBTATBT-4f:Y6 solar cells deliver a noteworthy power conversion (PCE) efficiency of 16.08 % (Voc =0.81 V, Jsc =27.25 mAcm-2, FF =72.70 %) without processing additives. In contrast, PBTATBT-2f:Y6 exhibits an irregular morphology and low PCE, ascribable to co-crystal formation-induced recombination, which is unprecedented for non-fullerene (NFA) OSCs. This result should be of guiding significance for future NFA design.
关键词： Benzo[d]thiazole Polymers,Power Conversion Efficiency,Organic Solar Cells,Co-crystal Formation,Nonfullerene Solar Cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Universal Elaboration of Al-Doped TiO <sub/>2</sub> as an Electron Extraction Layer in Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Fabricating an electron extraction layer (EEL) with a metal doping transition metal oxide (TMO) in inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) is a simple and efficient process for enhancing photovoltaic properties. Here, the universal benefits and common factors that influence both PeSCs and OSCs as a result of changes in Al-doped TiO2 properties are investigated. These common factors are identified in two separate mechanisms. The first involves surface smoothing of TiO2 films, which affects the formation of a high crystalline active layer and reduces recombination between the electron extraction and active layers. The second involves bandgap widening of TiO2, which reduces the activation energy and enhances the quenching efficiency of devices. These factors are demonstrated in various measurements. The results will help in understanding the fundamental benefits of Al-doped TiO2 in solution-processed thin-film solar cells.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,electron extraction layer,organic solar cells,Al-doped TiO2
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Electrona??Deficient and Quinoid Central Unit Engineering for Unfused Ringa??Based A <sub/>1</sub> a??Da??A <sub/>2</sub> a??Da??A <sub/>1</sub> a??Type Acceptor Enables High Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with High <i>V</i> <sub/>oc</sub> and PCE Simultaneously
摘要： Here, a pair of A1–D–A2–D–A1 unfused ring core-based nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs), BO2FIDT-4Cl and BT2FIDT-4Cl is synthesized, which possess the same terminals (A1) and indacenodithiophene unit (D), coupling with different fluorinated electron-deficient central unit (difluorobenzoxadiazole or difluorobenzothiadiazole) (A2). BT2FIDT-4Cl exhibits a slightly smaller optical bandgap of 1.56 eV, upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, much higher electron mobility, and slightly enhanced molecular packing order in neat thin films than that of BO2FIDT-4Cl. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on BT2FIDT-4Cl:PM7 yield the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% with a Voc of 0.97 V, which is higher than that of BO2FIDT-4Cl-based devices (PCE of 10.4%). The results demonstrate that the subtle modification of A2 unit would result in lower trap-assisted recombination, more favorable morphology features, and more balanced electron and hole mobility in the PM7:BT2FIDT-4Cl blend films. It is worth mentioning that the PCE of 12.5% is the highest value in nonfused ring NF-SMA-based binary PSCs with high Voc over 0.90 V. These results suggest that appropriate modulation of the quinoid electron-deficient central unit is an effective approach to construct highly efficient unfused ring NF-SMAs to boost PCE and Voc simultaneously.
关键词： nonfullerene organic solar cells,unfused ring small molecular acceptors,polymer solar cells,electron-deficient central segment,difluorobenzothiadiazole
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cardanol and Guaiacol sourced Solution-Processable Green Small Molecules based Organic Solar Cells
摘要： An environment compatible organic solar cell (OSC) has potential to build a global clean energy infrastructure for the world. However, much less attention has been focused on the structures sourced from greener origin, to enhance the sustainability aspect of these devices. Herein, we report a rational design, synthesis and characterization of donor (D)-acceptor (A) based green organic small molecules, consisting of difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTF2) as the acceptor, with a thiophene (T) and renewable resource materials, cardanol (C) and guaiacol (G) as the donor materials. The reference molecule, abbreviated as T4BTF2, is fully petro-sourced, while C2T2BTF2, G2T2BTF2 are partly renewable origin molecules. A broad and strong absorption characteristics ranging from 300 to 600 nm along with higher thermal stability is supportive for the utility of the greener origin small molecules in solar cells. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed that G2T2BTF2 is highly planar than C2T2BTF2 due to the difference in the positioning of alkyl/alkoxy chain. Bulk heterojunction OSCs with PC71BM as the acceptor, G2T2BTF2 exhibited the high Voc of 0.83 V among all the analysed small molecules. When compared with the reference molecule T4BTF2, G2T2BTF2 showed a high PCE of 5.56 % with a high Jsc of 10.98 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.61, whereas the PCEs of T4BTF2 and C2T2BTF2 are 3.98 % and 3.23%, respectively. Our work demonstrates a rational approach to synthesize and develop green organic semiconductors using the bio-feedstock derived starting materials for realizing efficient and environment compatible OSCs.
关键词： Organic small-molecules,Green organic solar cells,Renewable phenols,fluorine substituents,Sustainable,donor-acceptor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01